基于引文分析方法的教育技术学科知识图谱构建
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摘要
教育技术学是当教育技术发展到一定阶段时,逐渐产生的一个专门用于研究教育技术现象和规律的学科。它是随着现代科学技术在教育领域的广泛应用出现并发展的,在实践的过程中,积极吸取教育学、心理学、传播学、计算机科学的相关知识,迅速发展成为了以系统方法为核心的技术学层次的教育科学领域下的应用学科。作为一门新兴的交叉性学科,教育技术学在西方国家发展的较为迅速和成熟,而我国则相对要晚一些和落后一些。
引文分析是运用数学和逻辑学等方法对期刊、论文、专著等研究对象的引用、被引用现象和规律进行计量分析,以揭示出它们蕴含的研究对象所具有的特征或对象之间的关系的一种研究方法,可以用于分析引文之间的引证关系。被广泛应用于可视化引文分析中的知识图谱,是显示科学知识的演变进程与结构关系的一种图形,它可以用可视化技术描述人类随时间拥有的知识资源及其载体,绘制、挖掘、分析和显示科学知识以及它们之间的相互联系。
本研究将在SSCI(社会科学引文索引数据库)检索出与教育技术紧密相关的引文,应用引文分析方法、多元统计分析方法、社会网络分析方法,借助Bibexcel、 Spss、Ucinet和NetDraw软件构建出教育技术学科的学术群体和研究热点知识图谱,探索出学术群体背后代表的研究流派和流派中的权威人物,确定出每个研究热点所代表的内容和近5年来教育技术的前沿研究热点的演变。笔者所做的努力,就是希望把现代国外教育技术的研究主流和研究热点清晰、概览的呈现到中国教育技术研究者面前,使其能全面的看到国际上教育技术的整体发展状况,从而便于借鉴学习和汲取精华,希望有助于我国的教育技术发展,哪怕是在很小的程度上。
When instructional technology developed to a certain stage, education technology gradually formed a subject which specialized in studying instructional technology phenomenon and law. With modern scientific technology widely used in the education field, education technology appeared and developed. In the process of practice, it positively absorbed the knowledge of pedagogy, psychology, communication and computer science. Education technology has become a application subject which core is the system method and belongs to the education science fields. As a new cross subject, education technology develops rapidly in western countries, but it develops slowly in our country. So, education technology of western countries is more mature than our country's.
Citation analysis uses math and logic methods to analyze quote, cited phenomenon and law of journals, academic papers, books, etc. Citation analysis is a method which can reveal the research object's characteristics and relationship. It can be used to analyze the cited relationship between quotations. Knowledge map that is widely used in the visualization citation analysis is a graph which can show evolution process and structural relationship of scientific knowledge. Knowledge map can use visualization technology to describe knowledge resources and its carrier which are accumulated along with the time development. Knowledge map can also draw, mine, analysis, display scientific knowledge and the relationship between them.
This study will retrieval quotations which is related with education technology in SSCI database, apply multivariate statistical analysis method and social network analysis method with the help of Bibexcel, Spss, Ucinet and NerDraw software to construct education technology's knowledge maps of academic groups and research hotspots, explore research genres and its authority figures behind of the academic groups, determine the content of research hotspots and frontier research hotspot evolution in nearly five years. The author hopes that the modern foreign education technology's research mainstreams and hotspots can generally present to China education technology researchers, and let China education technology researchers to realize international education technology'general view, which can help us to profit from their study and derive elite. The author expect that this effort can promote our country's education technology development, even in a little extent.
引文分析是运用数学和逻辑学等方法对期刊、论文、专著等研究对象的引用、被引用现象和规律进行计量分析,以揭示出它们蕴含的研究对象所具有的特征或对象之间的关系的一种研究方法,可以用于分析引文之间的引证关系。被广泛应用于可视化引文分析中的知识图谱,是显示科学知识的演变进程与结构关系的一种图形,它可以用可视化技术描述人类随时间拥有的知识资源及其载体,绘制、挖掘、分析和显示科学知识以及它们之间的相互联系。
本研究将在SSCI(社会科学引文索引数据库)检索出与教育技术紧密相关的引文,应用引文分析方法、多元统计分析方法、社会网络分析方法,借助Bibexcel、 Spss、Ucinet和NetDraw软件构建出教育技术学科的学术群体和研究热点知识图谱,探索出学术群体背后代表的研究流派和流派中的权威人物,确定出每个研究热点所代表的内容和近5年来教育技术的前沿研究热点的演变。笔者所做的努力,就是希望把现代国外教育技术的研究主流和研究热点清晰、概览的呈现到中国教育技术研究者面前,使其能全面的看到国际上教育技术的整体发展状况,从而便于借鉴学习和汲取精华,希望有助于我国的教育技术发展,哪怕是在很小的程度上。
When instructional technology developed to a certain stage, education technology gradually formed a subject which specialized in studying instructional technology phenomenon and law. With modern scientific technology widely used in the education field, education technology appeared and developed. In the process of practice, it positively absorbed the knowledge of pedagogy, psychology, communication and computer science. Education technology has become a application subject which core is the system method and belongs to the education science fields. As a new cross subject, education technology develops rapidly in western countries, but it develops slowly in our country. So, education technology of western countries is more mature than our country's.
Citation analysis uses math and logic methods to analyze quote, cited phenomenon and law of journals, academic papers, books, etc. Citation analysis is a method which can reveal the research object's characteristics and relationship. It can be used to analyze the cited relationship between quotations. Knowledge map that is widely used in the visualization citation analysis is a graph which can show evolution process and structural relationship of scientific knowledge. Knowledge map can use visualization technology to describe knowledge resources and its carrier which are accumulated along with the time development. Knowledge map can also draw, mine, analysis, display scientific knowledge and the relationship between them.
This study will retrieval quotations which is related with education technology in SSCI database, apply multivariate statistical analysis method and social network analysis method with the help of Bibexcel, Spss, Ucinet and NerDraw software to construct education technology's knowledge maps of academic groups and research hotspots, explore research genres and its authority figures behind of the academic groups, determine the content of research hotspots and frontier research hotspot evolution in nearly five years. The author hopes that the modern foreign education technology's research mainstreams and hotspots can generally present to China education technology researchers, and let China education technology researchers to realize international education technology'general view, which can help us to profit from their study and derive elite. The author expect that this effort can promote our country's education technology development, even in a little extent.
引文
[1]何克抗、李文光.教育技术学[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2002：9.
[2]罗式胜.文献计量学概论[M].广州：中山大学出版社,1994：112.
[3]鲁超、刘清.引文分析可视化现状[J].情报杂志,2010,29(11)：48-52.
[4]陈悦、刘则渊.悄然兴起的科学知识图谱[J].科学学研究,2005,23(2)：147-154.
[5]李运景.可视化引文分析在科技史中的应用研究[D].南京：南京农业大学科学技术史专业,2007.
[6]Eugene Garfield, Fh.D.Citation indexes for Science—A New Dnenaion in Documentation through Associationof Ideas[J].Science,1955,122:108-111
[7]尤金·加菲尔德著.引文索引法的理论及应用[M].侯汉清译.北京：北京图书馆出版社,2004：9-13.
[8]刘则渊、陈悦、侯海燕等.科学知识图谱方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社2008：5-6.
[9]Small,H. Co-citation in the Scientific Literature:A New Measure of the Relationship Between Two Documents [J] Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1973,24 (4):265-269.
[10]SMALL,H.The relationship of information science to the social science:A co-citation analysis[J].Information processing and Management,1981,17(1):39-50.
[11]Small,H.A SCI-MAP case study:building a map of AIDS research[J]. Scientometrics,1994,30 (1) 229-241.
[12][30] White,H. D.& K.W.McCain. Visualizing a discipline:An author co-citation analysis of information Science,1972-1995[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1998,49 (4):327-355.
[13]Mccain,K.W.Mapping authors in intellectual space:A Technical Overview[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1990,41 (6):433-443.
[14]White,H. D. Pathfinder Networks and Author Cocitation Analysis:A Remapping of Paradigmatic Information Scientists[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2003,54 (5):423-434.
[15]Hummon N. P.& P.Doreian.Connectivity in a Citation Network:The Development of DN A Theory [J]. Social Networks,1989,11 (1):39-63.
[16]刘则渊、王贤文、陈超美科.学知识图谱方法及其在科技情报中的应用[J].数字图书馆论坛,2009,65(10)：13-34.
[17]Gonazlez,F.J.& B.C.Castro.Dominant approaches in the field of management[J]. International Journal of Organizational Analysis,2001,9 (4):327-353.
[18]Ponzi,L.J.The intellectual structure and interdisciplinary breadth of knowledge management:a bibliometric study of its early stage of development[J]. Scientometrics,2002,55 (2):259-272.
[19]许侃.基于CSSCI的管理学引文可视化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2008：3.
[20]Biehl,M.& H.Kim & M.Wade.Relationships among the academic business disciplines:a multi-method citation analysis[J]. Omega,2006,34 (4):359-371.
[21]Bollen,J.&H.V.D.Sompel.Mapping the structure of science through usage [J]. Scientometrics,2006,69(11):227-258.
[22]Pilkington.A & J.Meredith.The evolution of the intellectual structure of operations management-1980-2006:A Citation/Co-Citation Analysis[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2009,27 (3):185-202.
[23]Park,H.W.&L.Leydesdorff.Knowledge linkage structures in communication studies using citation analysis among communication journals [J]. Scientometrics,2009,81 (1):157-175.
[24]Hu,C.P.& J.M.Hu & Y.Gao et al. A journal co-citation analysis of library and information science in China[J]. Scientometrics,2011,86 (3):657-670.
[25]Frosch,D.L.& D.Saxbe & A.J.Tomiyama et al. Assessing the Scholarly Impact of Health Psychology:A Citation Analysis of Articles Published From 1993 to 2003[J]. Health Psychology,2010,29 (5):555-562.
[26]李运景.基于引文分析可视化的知识图谱构建研究[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2010：5.
[27]刘则渊、陈悦、侯海燕等.科学知识图谱方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社,2008.
[28]宋娟.基于作者共被引和元分析的知识管理流派研究[D].大连：大连理工大学信息管理和电子政务专业,2008：1-102.
[29]许侃.基于CSSCI的管理学引文可视化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2008.
[30]李运景.可视化引文分析在科技史中的应用研究[D].南京：南京农业大学科学技 术史专业,2007.
[31]梁永霞.引文分析学的知识计量研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2009：1-145.
[32]屈天鹏.基于SCI的辽宁省高校自然科学学科分布与合作网络知识图谱[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科学技术管理专业,2009.
[33]李江波.基于CSSCI辽宁省管理学研究的计量分析[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2009.
[34]易高峰、刘盛博、赵文华.《高等教育研究》研究热点及其知识基础图谱分析[J].高等教育研究,2009,30(10)：74-80.
[35]路春婷.基于文献计量的科斯与威廉姆森比较分析[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2010：1-75.
[36]陈祖香.面向科学计量分析的知识图谱构建与应用研究[D].南京：南京理工大学情报学专业,2010.
[37]汤建民.基于中文数据库的知识图谱绘制方法及应用以创新研究论文的分析为例[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2010.
[38]黄维、陈勇.我国教育经济学研究的知识图谱——基于2000-2008年文献共被引分析[J].高教发展与评估,2010,26(6)：87-95.
[39]何南洋.图书情报学知识图谱的构建及解读[D].上海：上海交通大学情报科学技术研究所,2011.
[40]章以佥、宗乾进、袁勤俭.我国开放存取研究主题的知识图谱分析——南京大学知识图谱研究组系列论文[J].现代情报,2011,31(5)：8-11.
[41]蔡建东.我国教育技术学主干理论演进的关键路径——基于科学知识图谱的分析[J].现代远程教育研究,2011,109(1)：38-44.
[42]Borner, K.& C.M.Chen & K.W.Boyack. Visualizing knowledge domains[J]. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology,2003,37 (5):p179-255.
[43]庄善洁.从情报学角度谈知识地图的运用[J].现代情报,2005,(8)：198-200.
[44]陈悦、刘则渊.悄然兴起的科学知识图谱[J].科学学研究,2005,23(2)：149-154.
[45]罗式胜.文献计量学概论[M].广州：中山大学出版社,1994：112.
[46]O·沃维连涅.文献计量学——情报学方法论的组成部分[J].情报科学,1987,8(2)：87-91.
[47]周涛、柏文洁、汪秉宏等.复杂网络研究概述[J].物理,2005,34(1)：31-36.
[48]傅德荣、章慧敏.教育信息处理[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2004：193-194.
[49]徐媛媛、朱庆华.社会网络分析法在引文分析中的实证研究[J].情报理论与实践,2008,31(2)：184-188.
[50]赵健、郑太年、任友群.学习科学之发展综述[J].开放教育研究,2007,13(2)：15-20.
[51]覃学健,李翠白.虚拟学习社区的社会网络分析研究[J].现代教育技术,2009,19(2)：26-29.
[2]罗式胜.文献计量学概论[M].广州：中山大学出版社,1994：112.
[3]鲁超、刘清.引文分析可视化现状[J].情报杂志,2010,29(11)：48-52.
[4]陈悦、刘则渊.悄然兴起的科学知识图谱[J].科学学研究,2005,23(2)：147-154.
[5]李运景.可视化引文分析在科技史中的应用研究[D].南京：南京农业大学科学技术史专业,2007.
[6]Eugene Garfield, Fh.D.Citation indexes for Science—A New Dnenaion in Documentation through Associationof Ideas[J].Science,1955,122:108-111
[7]尤金·加菲尔德著.引文索引法的理论及应用[M].侯汉清译.北京：北京图书馆出版社,2004：9-13.
[8]刘则渊、陈悦、侯海燕等.科学知识图谱方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社2008：5-6.
[9]Small,H. Co-citation in the Scientific Literature:A New Measure of the Relationship Between Two Documents [J] Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1973,24 (4):265-269.
[10]SMALL,H.The relationship of information science to the social science:A co-citation analysis[J].Information processing and Management,1981,17(1):39-50.
[11]Small,H.A SCI-MAP case study:building a map of AIDS research[J]. Scientometrics,1994,30 (1) 229-241.
[12][30] White,H. D.& K.W.McCain. Visualizing a discipline:An author co-citation analysis of information Science,1972-1995[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1998,49 (4):327-355.
[13]Mccain,K.W.Mapping authors in intellectual space:A Technical Overview[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science,1990,41 (6):433-443.
[14]White,H. D. Pathfinder Networks and Author Cocitation Analysis:A Remapping of Paradigmatic Information Scientists[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,2003,54 (5):423-434.
[15]Hummon N. P.& P.Doreian.Connectivity in a Citation Network:The Development of DN A Theory [J]. Social Networks,1989,11 (1):39-63.
[16]刘则渊、王贤文、陈超美科.学知识图谱方法及其在科技情报中的应用[J].数字图书馆论坛,2009,65(10)：13-34.
[17]Gonazlez,F.J.& B.C.Castro.Dominant approaches in the field of management[J]. International Journal of Organizational Analysis,2001,9 (4):327-353.
[18]Ponzi,L.J.The intellectual structure and interdisciplinary breadth of knowledge management:a bibliometric study of its early stage of development[J]. Scientometrics,2002,55 (2):259-272.
[19]许侃.基于CSSCI的管理学引文可视化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2008：3.
[20]Biehl,M.& H.Kim & M.Wade.Relationships among the academic business disciplines:a multi-method citation analysis[J]. Omega,2006,34 (4):359-371.
[21]Bollen,J.&H.V.D.Sompel.Mapping the structure of science through usage [J]. Scientometrics,2006,69(11):227-258.
[22]Pilkington.A & J.Meredith.The evolution of the intellectual structure of operations management-1980-2006:A Citation/Co-Citation Analysis[J]. Journal of Operations Management,2009,27 (3):185-202.
[23]Park,H.W.&L.Leydesdorff.Knowledge linkage structures in communication studies using citation analysis among communication journals [J]. Scientometrics,2009,81 (1):157-175.
[24]Hu,C.P.& J.M.Hu & Y.Gao et al. A journal co-citation analysis of library and information science in China[J]. Scientometrics,2011,86 (3):657-670.
[25]Frosch,D.L.& D.Saxbe & A.J.Tomiyama et al. Assessing the Scholarly Impact of Health Psychology:A Citation Analysis of Articles Published From 1993 to 2003[J]. Health Psychology,2010,29 (5):555-562.
[26]李运景.基于引文分析可视化的知识图谱构建研究[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2010：5.
[27]刘则渊、陈悦、侯海燕等.科学知识图谱方法与应用[M].北京：人民出版社,2008.
[28]宋娟.基于作者共被引和元分析的知识管理流派研究[D].大连：大连理工大学信息管理和电子政务专业,2008：1-102.
[29]许侃.基于CSSCI的管理学引文可视化研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2008.
[30]李运景.可视化引文分析在科技史中的应用研究[D].南京：南京农业大学科学技 术史专业,2007.
[31]梁永霞.引文分析学的知识计量研究[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2009：1-145.
[32]屈天鹏.基于SCI的辽宁省高校自然科学学科分布与合作网络知识图谱[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科学技术管理专业,2009.
[33]李江波.基于CSSCI辽宁省管理学研究的计量分析[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2009.
[34]易高峰、刘盛博、赵文华.《高等教育研究》研究热点及其知识基础图谱分析[J].高等教育研究,2009,30(10)：74-80.
[35]路春婷.基于文献计量的科斯与威廉姆森比较分析[D].大连：大连理工大学科学学与科技管理专业,2010：1-75.
[36]陈祖香.面向科学计量分析的知识图谱构建与应用研究[D].南京：南京理工大学情报学专业,2010.
[37]汤建民.基于中文数据库的知识图谱绘制方法及应用以创新研究论文的分析为例[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2010.
[38]黄维、陈勇.我国教育经济学研究的知识图谱——基于2000-2008年文献共被引分析[J].高教发展与评估,2010,26(6)：87-95.
[39]何南洋.图书情报学知识图谱的构建及解读[D].上海：上海交通大学情报科学技术研究所,2011.
[40]章以佥、宗乾进、袁勤俭.我国开放存取研究主题的知识图谱分析——南京大学知识图谱研究组系列论文[J].现代情报,2011,31(5)：8-11.
[41]蔡建东.我国教育技术学主干理论演进的关键路径——基于科学知识图谱的分析[J].现代远程教育研究,2011,109(1)：38-44.
[42]Borner, K.& C.M.Chen & K.W.Boyack. Visualizing knowledge domains[J]. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology,2003,37 (5):p179-255.
[43]庄善洁.从情报学角度谈知识地图的运用[J].现代情报,2005,(8)：198-200.
[44]陈悦、刘则渊.悄然兴起的科学知识图谱[J].科学学研究,2005,23(2)：149-154.
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