点带石斑鱼仔稚鱼消化系统组织学及消化酶活性研究
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摘要
点带石斑鱼是名贵的海水经济鱼类,其人工育苗难度较大,育苗成活率低。本研究围绕点带石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼的消化系统组织学、粘液细胞的发育规律及不同日龄个体消化酶活力变化进行了系统研究,揭示了点带石斑鱼仔稚鱼消化系统发育的特点及消化能力变化规律。
利用连续石蜡切片技术对14组日龄(0-42天)的点带石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼的消化系统进行了石蜡切片观察,描述了消化系统组织学结构特征和发育规律。结果表明,在水温为24-28℃的条件下,点带石斑鱼孵化后2日龄出现肝脏和胰脏的雏形；3日龄,卵黄囊逐渐被吸收,口和肛门与外界相通,口咽腔与食道贯通；3-4日龄,肠道出现纹状缘；4日龄消化系统明显分化成食道、胃、肠以及肝脏、胰脏等,鱼体由内源性营养转向外源性摄食营养,表明其消化系统的形态变化与食性的变化相适应。5日龄口咽腔出现味蕾,食道、肠道出现粘液细胞；7日龄胃出现粘液细胞；35日龄胃腺形成,42日龄胃的幽门处出现幽门盲囊,此时随着鱼体的生长,其消化系统从结构和功能上逐步完善成熟。
利用组织学切片及AB-PAS组化染色技术对点带石斑鱼0-28日龄仔稚鱼消化道(口咽腔、食道、胃、肠)不同类型粘液细胞的发生与发育进行了系统的研究。点带石斑鱼粘液细胞分成Ⅰ-Ⅳ共4种着色类型和囊状、梨状、杯状三种形态类型。结果表明,点带石斑鱼粘液细胞最早出现在3日龄仔鱼的口咽腔部位。12日龄之前的粘液细胞数量较少,且主要以Ⅱ型为主,形态上主要为囊状细胞。12～15日龄粘液细胞的数量出现急剧增长,其空间分布模式也随之基本形成。之后日龄的样本中,粘液细胞以Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型为主,而Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型粘液细胞所占比例较低。口咽腔、食道的粘液细胞以囊状、梨状为主,胃、肠粘液细胞早期为囊状,随后梨状细胞逐渐增多,最终以杯状细胞为主。食道前段、肠前段的粘液细胞存在显著的差异,但二段均为粘液细胞的主要分布场所。
采用酶学研究方法,测定点带石斑鱼0-42日龄各种消化酶活性变化,研究表明：点带石斑鱼仔鱼开口(4日龄)后蛋白酶迅速下降,到变态前期(15日龄)一直保持较低水平,胃腺出现后,酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶活性迅速上升,碱性蛋白酶活性则较稳定。出膜后初期淀粉酶活性较高,接着活性呈波浪性变化,最后随着发育淀粉酶活性逐渐稳定在较低水平。脂肪酶在点带石斑鱼开口之前已具有很强的酶活性,并随着卵黄囊的缩小酶活力逐渐降低。酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性变化较大。
Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch&Schneider is the precious culturing marine fish, E. malabaricus has a higher degree of difficulty to artificial breeding and the survival rate is low. This paper systematically studied the histology, mucous cells and digestive enzymes of digestive system. Reveals the characteristics of development and digestion capacity variation of the digestive system. Designed to properly adjust the feeding strategies in the process of artificial breeding, to give the larva-juvenile with adequate nutrition and to improve seedling survival and growth rates provide a theoretical basis.
A serial paraffin slice method was used to observe the digestive system in E. malabaricus during its post-embryonic development which divied into14groups (0-42days) with optic microscope. Describe the digestive system histology structural features and the law of genesis and development. The results showed that:Under the conditions of the water temperature from24to28℃, the prototype of liver and pancreas appeared when2DAH of E. malabaricus. In3DAH when the yolk sac is gradually reduced, the mouth and the anus were interconnected, the oropharyngeal cavity and the esophagus were interconnectde at the same time, brush border appeared in the intestine from3DAH to4DAH.The digestive system has obviously differentiated into the esophagus, stomach and intestines and liver and pancreas in the4DAH. And the fish change its endogenous feeding into exogenous feeding nutrition, which shows that the change of digestive system is adapt to predatory change.Taste buds appeared at oropharyngeal cavity and mucous cells appeared at esophagus and intestinal in5DAH. Mucous cells appeared at stomach in7DAH. Gastric gland appeared in35DAH. The pyloric caecum appeared at pylorus of the stomach in42DAH, during the following growth of the fish, function and structure of the digestive system was becoming mature and perfect gradually.
Measuring activities of digestive enzymes changes from0DAH to28DAH of larval-juvenile of E. malabaricus by using enzyme technology methods, The major obtained results were as follows:Rapid decline in protease activity from the larvae began to feed and has maintained a low level to pre-abnormal, after gastric gland appears, acid protease and neutral protease activity increased rapidly, alkaline protease activity is more stable. Higher amylase activity after hatching, then the activity wavy changes, and finally with the development of amylase activity gradually stabilized at a low level. Lipase has a strong activity from the larvae began to feed, and Enzyme activity decreased with the yolk sac narrowing. A greater change in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity.
利用连续石蜡切片技术对14组日龄(0-42天)的点带石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼的消化系统进行了石蜡切片观察,描述了消化系统组织学结构特征和发育规律。结果表明,在水温为24-28℃的条件下,点带石斑鱼孵化后2日龄出现肝脏和胰脏的雏形；3日龄,卵黄囊逐渐被吸收,口和肛门与外界相通,口咽腔与食道贯通；3-4日龄,肠道出现纹状缘；4日龄消化系统明显分化成食道、胃、肠以及肝脏、胰脏等,鱼体由内源性营养转向外源性摄食营养,表明其消化系统的形态变化与食性的变化相适应。5日龄口咽腔出现味蕾,食道、肠道出现粘液细胞；7日龄胃出现粘液细胞；35日龄胃腺形成,42日龄胃的幽门处出现幽门盲囊,此时随着鱼体的生长,其消化系统从结构和功能上逐步完善成熟。
利用组织学切片及AB-PAS组化染色技术对点带石斑鱼0-28日龄仔稚鱼消化道(口咽腔、食道、胃、肠)不同类型粘液细胞的发生与发育进行了系统的研究。点带石斑鱼粘液细胞分成Ⅰ-Ⅳ共4种着色类型和囊状、梨状、杯状三种形态类型。结果表明,点带石斑鱼粘液细胞最早出现在3日龄仔鱼的口咽腔部位。12日龄之前的粘液细胞数量较少,且主要以Ⅱ型为主,形态上主要为囊状细胞。12～15日龄粘液细胞的数量出现急剧增长,其空间分布模式也随之基本形成。之后日龄的样本中,粘液细胞以Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型为主,而Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型粘液细胞所占比例较低。口咽腔、食道的粘液细胞以囊状、梨状为主,胃、肠粘液细胞早期为囊状,随后梨状细胞逐渐增多,最终以杯状细胞为主。食道前段、肠前段的粘液细胞存在显著的差异,但二段均为粘液细胞的主要分布场所。
采用酶学研究方法,测定点带石斑鱼0-42日龄各种消化酶活性变化,研究表明：点带石斑鱼仔鱼开口(4日龄)后蛋白酶迅速下降,到变态前期(15日龄)一直保持较低水平,胃腺出现后,酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶活性迅速上升,碱性蛋白酶活性则较稳定。出膜后初期淀粉酶活性较高,接着活性呈波浪性变化,最后随着发育淀粉酶活性逐渐稳定在较低水平。脂肪酶在点带石斑鱼开口之前已具有很强的酶活性,并随着卵黄囊的缩小酶活力逐渐降低。酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性变化较大。
Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch&Schneider is the precious culturing marine fish, E. malabaricus has a higher degree of difficulty to artificial breeding and the survival rate is low. This paper systematically studied the histology, mucous cells and digestive enzymes of digestive system. Reveals the characteristics of development and digestion capacity variation of the digestive system. Designed to properly adjust the feeding strategies in the process of artificial breeding, to give the larva-juvenile with adequate nutrition and to improve seedling survival and growth rates provide a theoretical basis.
A serial paraffin slice method was used to observe the digestive system in E. malabaricus during its post-embryonic development which divied into14groups (0-42days) with optic microscope. Describe the digestive system histology structural features and the law of genesis and development. The results showed that:Under the conditions of the water temperature from24to28℃, the prototype of liver and pancreas appeared when2DAH of E. malabaricus. In3DAH when the yolk sac is gradually reduced, the mouth and the anus were interconnected, the oropharyngeal cavity and the esophagus were interconnectde at the same time, brush border appeared in the intestine from3DAH to4DAH.The digestive system has obviously differentiated into the esophagus, stomach and intestines and liver and pancreas in the4DAH. And the fish change its endogenous feeding into exogenous feeding nutrition, which shows that the change of digestive system is adapt to predatory change.Taste buds appeared at oropharyngeal cavity and mucous cells appeared at esophagus and intestinal in5DAH. Mucous cells appeared at stomach in7DAH. Gastric gland appeared in35DAH. The pyloric caecum appeared at pylorus of the stomach in42DAH, during the following growth of the fish, function and structure of the digestive system was becoming mature and perfect gradually.
Measuring activities of digestive enzymes changes from0DAH to28DAH of larval-juvenile of E. malabaricus by using enzyme technology methods, The major obtained results were as follows:Rapid decline in protease activity from the larvae began to feed and has maintained a low level to pre-abnormal, after gastric gland appears, acid protease and neutral protease activity increased rapidly, alkaline protease activity is more stable. Higher amylase activity after hatching, then the activity wavy changes, and finally with the development of amylase activity gradually stabilized at a low level. Lipase has a strong activity from the larvae began to feed, and Enzyme activity decreased with the yolk sac narrowing. A greater change in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity.
引文
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