新疆博斯腾湖表层沉积物金属元素地球化学特征研究
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摘要
湖泊是陆地水圈的重要组成部分,并与大气、生物、土壤等多种环境密切联系。随着城镇化与工业化的加速,以及农业生产活动的影响,湖泊水体污染和富营养化也逐渐成为最为突出的水环境问题之一。湖泊是大陆内部流域的尾端,流域内人类活动产生的污染物随水体带入湖泊中,并在湖泊沉积物中聚集。对金属元素在不同流域的迁移特征的了解,可以加深对元素的迁移、富集的认识,对湖泊环境的污染监测和控制有重要的意义。
博斯腾湖是中国内陆最大的淡水湖。它不仅对该流域起着重要的生态调节作用,也直接影响着该地区的经济社会环境的可持续发展。但是随着人们对该地区的工农业生产,以及对局部地区河流的人工调节,近几十年来,博斯腾湖正在受到高矿化度农田排水和工业污水的污染,湖水水质正在不断恶化,严重影响了该地区的生态平衡,对人类的生存环境产生了极大的破坏。本文以干旱区湖泊博斯腾湖为研究对象,通过分析博斯腾湖表层沉积物中常、微量元素的含量和空间变化特征,研究了沉积物中元素之间的相关性,探讨了常、微量元素空间分布的控制因素,同时对研究区域沉积物中重金属进行了污染评价。
本文对博斯腾湖的47个水样以及29个沉积物样品进行分析,主要得到以下结论：
(1)博斯腾湖为半封闭湖泊,出入水口位于湖泊西端相距较近,全湖区水动力差,水体滞留时间长。博斯腾湖的主要污染源分布于黄水湾区域。湖区的水化学环境存在区域性差异,水样的电导率等值线和pH等值线反映开都河口水体污染程度低,黄水湾处最大,而湖中心区则介于两者之间。
(2)通过对沉积物常量元素的分析可知,表层沉积物中以CaO、AI2O3、SiO2的含量为主.沉积物中Fe2O3、AI2O3、SiO2、K20、MgO的分布趋势相同,即在开都河入湖处含量较高,在黄水湾附近含量较低；CaO则与这几种常量组分的分布趋势相反,即在黄水湾附近含量最高,在开都河入湖处含量最低。微量元素Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的分布趋势相同,在开都河河口处含量较高,从西北黄水湾入湖处含量较小,湖中心区值变化稳定位于两者之间。As含量的分布规律不明显。元素Sr与CaO的分布趋势基本相同,Sr与CaO二者的含量都受生物碳酸盐介壳影响。
(3)对元素进行相关性分析及因子分析探讨了其地球化学意义,结果如下：
①Ti与Fe2O3、SiO2、A12O3、MgO、K2O显著正相关；主要代表了陆源碎屑和黏土组分来源。CaO与Ti、MgO、K2O、SiO2、A12O3、Fe2O3显著负相关,CaO的富集不同于以上几种元素,代表了生物碎屑组分来源。As与CaO呈弱的负相关性,与其他元素有弱的正相关关系,表明As除了经陆源输入外还有其他来源。Co, Ni、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu与Ti等常量元素显著正相关,表明这些元素分布受陆源影响。Sr与Ti、SiO2、A12O3等常量组分显著负相关。
②对常微量元素进行因子分析,可提取4个主因子：F1代表陆源与生源沉积,正载荷A12O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、MgO、K2O、Ti、Cu、As、Ni、Pb等元素组合,Sr和CaO表现为负载荷。F2可能反映研究区受到湖水对湖底沉积物的影响,主要元素组合为Na2O。F3代表与人类活动相关的污染源的输入有关,主要元素为As。F4代表了陆源碎屑和湖泊自生的混合沉积,主要元素为P。
(4)用富集因子法对沉积物中重金属Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu进行污染评价,富集程度为Ni>Co>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu。结果表明Ni、Co、Cr、Zn处于中度污染水平,Pb是处于轻微污染水平,Cu处于无污染水平。
The lakes are an important part of the terrestrial hydrosphere, and close contact with the atmosphere, biology, soil environment.. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, and the influence of agricultural production activities, pollution and eutrophication of the lake water is becoming one of the most prominent water environmental problems. The lake is within the mainland end of the basin, pollutants produced by human activities within the basin with water into the lake, and gathered in lake sediments.Understanding of the migration characteristics of the metallic elements in the different basins to understand element migration and enrichment, this has important implications for pollution monitoring and control of the lake environment.
Bosten Lake is the largest inland rfreshwater lkae in China. It plays an important role in regulating ecological environment and maintaining sustainable development of local economy, society and environment of the area. However due to The regulation of this area industrial,agricultural production and local area river in recent decades,there are more and more sewage drained into Boston lake,which cause its water-quality deterioration. The ecological balance of the region severely affected.The survival of the human environment has been greatly damaged.In this paper,taking Bosten Lake, an arid areas lake, as the study object,a series of samples collected during the survey on the surface sedimentof the Bosten Lake was analyzed to reveal the content and spatial distribution of major and trace elements, study the correlation of the elements in sediments, discusses the control factors of the element, space distribution.Moreover, Pollution assessment of heavy metals was done in study area.
In this paper47water and29sediment samples of the Boston Lake are analyzed,the main conclusions can besummed up as follows:
(1)Bosten Lake is a semi-enclosed lakes, and the inlet and outlet at the western end of the of the lake and are in close proximity.The Lakes hydrodynamic conditions is poor, water residence time is long. And Bosten Lake pollution sources are mainly located Huangshui bay area.The conductivity contour and pH contour reflect the degree of pollution is low in Kaidu River estuary, a high degree in Huangshui region, while the center of the lake is between between them.
(2) Major elements analyzing results show that the CaO、SiO、2and Al2O3are the most dominant components at the surface sediments. In sediments,Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、K2O、MgO, distributed tendency is the same, namely the content is higher in Kaidu River estuary, lower in Huangshui region.The distribution tendency of CaO is the opposite,that is, the content of CaO is lower in Kaidu River estuary, higher in Huangshui region,. The distribution of trace elements:Co、 Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn contents is is the same, higher in Kaidu River estuary, lower in Huangshui region, middle and steady in lake center. The distribution of As is not evident. The distribution of elements:Sr、CaO contents is similar, the content of Sr and CaO are both subject to biological materials.
(3)The significance of geochemistry was discussed by using the correlation analysis and factor analysis of elements. The results are as follows:
①Ti with Fe2O3、SiO2、A12O3、MgO and K2O was a significant positive correlation, they represents the source of terrestrial clastic and clay minerals.CaO with Ti、Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、 and other major element was a significant negative correlation, suggesting the enrichment of CaO is different from the above elements, it represents the source of the bioclastic component..As exist a weak negative correlation with CaO,among Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、K2O exist a weak positive correlation, suggesting that these elements not only came from terrestrial source, also have some other sources.Co、 Ni、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu with Tk、SiO2、Al2O3and other major element was a significant positive correlation, suggesting the distribution of these elements affected by terrigenous material.Sr with Tk、 SiO2、A12O3、and other major element was a significant negative correlation.
②Major elements analyzing results show that:A12O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、MgO、K2O、Ti、Cu、 As、Ni、Pb and the other major element was a significant negative correlation, but the negative correlation with Sr and CaO.These factors came mostly from continental source and biological source(F1). F2showed that the main factors in this research area was lake chemistry, the main element component was Na2O.F3showed that the Pollution by human activity, the main elements was As.F4represents a mixed deposition of biogenic and autogenetic deposits, which the main elements component was P.
(4)The heavy metals of surface sediments, such as Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、P、Cu were analyzed by using the method of Enrichment Factor.The accumulation degree of these heavy metals is as: Ni>Co>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu.The result showed that Ni、Co、Cr and Zn were in a moderate level of pollution,Pb was in slightly heavy metal pollution level,Cu was in a pollution-free level.
博斯腾湖是中国内陆最大的淡水湖。它不仅对该流域起着重要的生态调节作用,也直接影响着该地区的经济社会环境的可持续发展。但是随着人们对该地区的工农业生产,以及对局部地区河流的人工调节,近几十年来,博斯腾湖正在受到高矿化度农田排水和工业污水的污染,湖水水质正在不断恶化,严重影响了该地区的生态平衡,对人类的生存环境产生了极大的破坏。本文以干旱区湖泊博斯腾湖为研究对象,通过分析博斯腾湖表层沉积物中常、微量元素的含量和空间变化特征,研究了沉积物中元素之间的相关性,探讨了常、微量元素空间分布的控制因素,同时对研究区域沉积物中重金属进行了污染评价。
本文对博斯腾湖的47个水样以及29个沉积物样品进行分析,主要得到以下结论：
(1)博斯腾湖为半封闭湖泊,出入水口位于湖泊西端相距较近,全湖区水动力差,水体滞留时间长。博斯腾湖的主要污染源分布于黄水湾区域。湖区的水化学环境存在区域性差异,水样的电导率等值线和pH等值线反映开都河口水体污染程度低,黄水湾处最大,而湖中心区则介于两者之间。
(2)通过对沉积物常量元素的分析可知,表层沉积物中以CaO、AI2O3、SiO2的含量为主.沉积物中Fe2O3、AI2O3、SiO2、K20、MgO的分布趋势相同,即在开都河入湖处含量较高,在黄水湾附近含量较低；CaO则与这几种常量组分的分布趋势相反,即在黄水湾附近含量最高,在开都河入湖处含量最低。微量元素Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的分布趋势相同,在开都河河口处含量较高,从西北黄水湾入湖处含量较小,湖中心区值变化稳定位于两者之间。As含量的分布规律不明显。元素Sr与CaO的分布趋势基本相同,Sr与CaO二者的含量都受生物碳酸盐介壳影响。
(3)对元素进行相关性分析及因子分析探讨了其地球化学意义,结果如下：
①Ti与Fe2O3、SiO2、A12O3、MgO、K2O显著正相关；主要代表了陆源碎屑和黏土组分来源。CaO与Ti、MgO、K2O、SiO2、A12O3、Fe2O3显著负相关,CaO的富集不同于以上几种元素,代表了生物碎屑组分来源。As与CaO呈弱的负相关性,与其他元素有弱的正相关关系,表明As除了经陆源输入外还有其他来源。Co, Ni、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu与Ti等常量元素显著正相关,表明这些元素分布受陆源影响。Sr与Ti、SiO2、A12O3等常量组分显著负相关。
②对常微量元素进行因子分析,可提取4个主因子：F1代表陆源与生源沉积,正载荷A12O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、MgO、K2O、Ti、Cu、As、Ni、Pb等元素组合,Sr和CaO表现为负载荷。F2可能反映研究区受到湖水对湖底沉积物的影响,主要元素组合为Na2O。F3代表与人类活动相关的污染源的输入有关,主要元素为As。F4代表了陆源碎屑和湖泊自生的混合沉积,主要元素为P。
(4)用富集因子法对沉积物中重金属Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu进行污染评价,富集程度为Ni>Co>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu。结果表明Ni、Co、Cr、Zn处于中度污染水平,Pb是处于轻微污染水平,Cu处于无污染水平。
The lakes are an important part of the terrestrial hydrosphere, and close contact with the atmosphere, biology, soil environment.. With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, and the influence of agricultural production activities, pollution and eutrophication of the lake water is becoming one of the most prominent water environmental problems. The lake is within the mainland end of the basin, pollutants produced by human activities within the basin with water into the lake, and gathered in lake sediments.Understanding of the migration characteristics of the metallic elements in the different basins to understand element migration and enrichment, this has important implications for pollution monitoring and control of the lake environment.
Bosten Lake is the largest inland rfreshwater lkae in China. It plays an important role in regulating ecological environment and maintaining sustainable development of local economy, society and environment of the area. However due to The regulation of this area industrial,agricultural production and local area river in recent decades,there are more and more sewage drained into Boston lake,which cause its water-quality deterioration. The ecological balance of the region severely affected.The survival of the human environment has been greatly damaged.In this paper,taking Bosten Lake, an arid areas lake, as the study object,a series of samples collected during the survey on the surface sedimentof the Bosten Lake was analyzed to reveal the content and spatial distribution of major and trace elements, study the correlation of the elements in sediments, discusses the control factors of the element, space distribution.Moreover, Pollution assessment of heavy metals was done in study area.
In this paper47water and29sediment samples of the Boston Lake are analyzed,the main conclusions can besummed up as follows:
(1)Bosten Lake is a semi-enclosed lakes, and the inlet and outlet at the western end of the of the lake and are in close proximity.The Lakes hydrodynamic conditions is poor, water residence time is long. And Bosten Lake pollution sources are mainly located Huangshui bay area.The conductivity contour and pH contour reflect the degree of pollution is low in Kaidu River estuary, a high degree in Huangshui region, while the center of the lake is between between them.
(2) Major elements analyzing results show that the CaO、SiO、2and Al2O3are the most dominant components at the surface sediments. In sediments,Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、K2O、MgO, distributed tendency is the same, namely the content is higher in Kaidu River estuary, lower in Huangshui region.The distribution tendency of CaO is the opposite,that is, the content of CaO is lower in Kaidu River estuary, higher in Huangshui region,. The distribution of trace elements:Co、 Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn contents is is the same, higher in Kaidu River estuary, lower in Huangshui region, middle and steady in lake center. The distribution of As is not evident. The distribution of elements:Sr、CaO contents is similar, the content of Sr and CaO are both subject to biological materials.
(3)The significance of geochemistry was discussed by using the correlation analysis and factor analysis of elements. The results are as follows:
①Ti with Fe2O3、SiO2、A12O3、MgO and K2O was a significant positive correlation, they represents the source of terrestrial clastic and clay minerals.CaO with Ti、Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、 and other major element was a significant negative correlation, suggesting the enrichment of CaO is different from the above elements, it represents the source of the bioclastic component..As exist a weak negative correlation with CaO,among Fe2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、K2O exist a weak positive correlation, suggesting that these elements not only came from terrestrial source, also have some other sources.Co、 Ni、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu with Tk、SiO2、Al2O3and other major element was a significant positive correlation, suggesting the distribution of these elements affected by terrigenous material.Sr with Tk、 SiO2、A12O3、and other major element was a significant negative correlation.
②Major elements analyzing results show that:A12O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、MgO、K2O、Ti、Cu、 As、Ni、Pb and the other major element was a significant negative correlation, but the negative correlation with Sr and CaO.These factors came mostly from continental source and biological source(F1). F2showed that the main factors in this research area was lake chemistry, the main element component was Na2O.F3showed that the Pollution by human activity, the main elements was As.F4represents a mixed deposition of biogenic and autogenetic deposits, which the main elements component was P.
(4)The heavy metals of surface sediments, such as Ni、Co、Cr、Zn、P、Cu were analyzed by using the method of Enrichment Factor.The accumulation degree of these heavy metals is as: Ni>Co>Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu.The result showed that Ni、Co、Cr and Zn were in a moderate level of pollution,Pb was in slightly heavy metal pollution level,Cu was in a pollution-free level.
引文
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