江苏省水利旅游资源空间分布特征研究
摘要
水利旅游以其特定的水域、水利工程及水文化景观为主要旅游吸引物,迎合了大众“亲水”的天性,世界各国水利旅游资源应用的实例众多,但是相关的理论研究,特别是将重点固定在水利旅游资源视角的相关研究还比较少。本文依托江苏省水利旅游资源开发利用与保护研究项目,对江苏省水利旅游资源的总体特征、空间差异及开发利用现状进行全面系统地分析研究,本文的研究对认清江苏省水利旅游资源禀赋状况,合理开发利用江苏省水利旅游资源提供了一定的科学依据。
本文研究的水利旅游资源是指具有旅游吸引功能的自然水域景观和人文水利工程类景观。笔者依据水利旅游资源的性状,建立一个全新的水利旅游资源分类体系,包括2主类(自然水域景观、水利工程景观)、9亚类、26基本类型三个层次。
论文研究结论如下：
第一,从数量上看,江苏省1993个水利旅游资源单体分属2个主类、8个亚类、24个基本类型,与全国相比缺乏冰川观光地和常年积雪地两个基本类型。其中,自然水域景观、水利工程景观所占比例分别为34.67%、65.33%,8大亚类中水工建筑单体比重最高(48.17%),其它水利景观比重最低(0.35%)。
第二,从质量上看,江苏省水利旅游资源整体质量一般,各主类、亚类均呈现普通级资源为主体、优良级资源比重小的等级结构。全省总储量为5443分,水利工程景观(3178)高于自然水域景观(2265)；8大亚类中,储量最丰富的为水工建筑单体(2771),最少的为其它水利文化景观(38)。全省平均品质分为2.73,属于一般水平,8大亚类中,最高的为其它水利文化景观(5.43),最低为水工建筑综合体(1.10)。
第三,从空间分布特征上看：
(1)江苏省13地市水利旅游资源优势度差异显著,最高者南京市达11.43,是最低者泰州1.17的9.7倍。
(2)江苏省水利旅游资源分布密度为19.56个/千平方千米,其中南京市为全省最密集区,以其为中心逐渐变稀疏。
(3)江苏省水利旅游资源地理集中指数为31.15,在13地级市分布较为集中,其中水利工程景观(33.25)略高于自然水域景观(32.33)。
(4)江苏省水利旅游资源总量基尼系数高达0.9508,不平衡指数为0.3031,13个地级市的资源分布很不均衡,在8大亚类中,瀑布、河口与海面、水利文化景观类别的不均衡程度比较显著,其它5个亚类相对均衡。
(5)全省的水利旅游资源分布格局可总结为四个片区：宁镇扬泰长江沿岸西区,资源储量和品质均最高；苏锡常环太湖区,以湖泊和和池沼为代表的自然水域突出；徐宿淮运河沿岸北区,水利工程密集；连盐通黄海海滨区,以滩涂湿地与滨海为特色。
第四,从开发利用现状来看,江苏省水利旅游资源利用率低,全省利用率仅为27.04%,自然水域景观利用率高于水利工程景观。且开发利用主要集中在优良级资源,对于低等级资源的开发比较单一
第五,江苏省水利旅游存在的问题有：所有权与经营权归属不明；资源开发规模小,布局分散,协调性差；过度商业化开发；水利旅游发展晚,竞争力弱。针对上述问题可采取的解决措施有：塑造个性鲜明的水利旅游品牌、协调旅游资源的保护与开发关系、理顺旅游资源规划开发与管理职能部门的关系、减少商业化,注重参与式生态型旅游资源的开发等。
Water conservancy tourism caters to the public water-loving nature with its specific water body, water conservancy project and water culture landscape as the main tourism attractions. There're a lot of water conservancy travel cases in the world, but the related theoretical research is quite less, especially the research whose focus is on the water conservancy tourism resources. This paper takes Jiangsu Province as an example, makes a systematic analysis about the feature of water conservancy tourism resources、the space differences and the current exploitation and utilization in Jiangsu Province. It has meaning to the water conservancy tourism resources development and ecological environment construction.
The water conservancy tourism resource mentioned in this paper refers to the natural water landscape and human water conservancy engineering landscape which has tourism attraction function. The author builds a new water conservancy tourism resources classification system including2main classes (natural water landscape&water conservancy project landscape),8subclasses and26basic types based on the resources' feature.
We can get the following conclusions through this paper study:
First, in volume term, Jiangsu province owns1993water conservancy tourism resource monomer points which are belong to2main classes,8subclasses,24basic types. At the same time, it lacks2basic types (the glacier sightseeing and the perennial snow) compared with the whole nation. The proportions of natural water landscape and water conservancy project landscape are separately34.67%and65.33%. Among the8subclasses, hydraulic single building has the highest proportion (48.17%) while the other water cultural landscape owns the lowest proportion (0.35%).
Second, the quality level of water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu province is general. All the main classes and sub-classes present similar hierarchical structures:The general level resources constitute the main body while the excellent level resources occupy a small share. The province's total reserve is5443. The human water conservancy projects (with a2265reserve) occupy a more important position than the natural water tourism resources (with a3178reserve). Among the8subclasses, hydraulic single building has the highest reserve (2771) while the other water cultural landscape owns the lowest proportion (38). The average quality in Jiangsu province is1.75at a general level. Among8subclasses, the water conservancy cultural landscape is maximum and the complex hydraulic-building is minimum.
Third, the water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu Province has distribution feature as follows:
(1) The water conservancy tourism resources distribution in Jiangsu province is uneven.13cities have obvious different resource advantage degree; the highest degree in Nanjing (11.43) is9.7times as large as the lowest degree in Suqian (1.17).
(2) The water tourism resource density of Jiangsu province is19.56a/1000km2, Nanjing is the concentration area.
(3) The geographic concentration index of water tourism resources in Jiangsu province is31.15, it suggests that the distribution in13cities is relatively concentrated. At the same time, B class(33.25) has a higher concentration index than Aclass(32.33)..
(4) The gini coefficient of water tourism resources in jiangsu province is as high as0.9508and the unbalanced index is0.3031.The resources concentrates significantly and imbalancely especially the waterfall, river and sea, water conservancy cultural landscape.
(5) The province can be divided into four areas:Ning-Zhen-Yang-Tai area along the Yangtze River (it has the highest resource reserve and quality level), Su-Xi-Chang area around Lake Thai (its natural water-body resource occupies a major position), Xu-Su-Huai area along the canal (the distribution of water conservancy projects is intensive), Lian-Yan-Tong near the Yellow sea beach (its feature landscapes are the beach and coastal wetlands).
Fourth, the utilization rate of the water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu province is as low as27.04%, and the utilization rate of natural water landscape resources is higher than the water conservancy project landscape, so water conservancy departments need to strengthen the development of engineering resources.
Fifth, there are following problems on water conservancy tourism in Jiangsu province:the property right and the ownership right are unknown; the resource develops discordantly and over-commercially in a small scale; the water tourism has weak competitiveness. We can take the following measures to solve the above problems:build a distinctive water conservancy tourism brand, coordinate tourism resources protection and development, straighten out the relationship between tourism resources planning development and managing department, reduce commercial development, exploit the participatory and ecological tourism resources.
本文研究的水利旅游资源是指具有旅游吸引功能的自然水域景观和人文水利工程类景观。笔者依据水利旅游资源的性状,建立一个全新的水利旅游资源分类体系,包括2主类(自然水域景观、水利工程景观)、9亚类、26基本类型三个层次。
论文研究结论如下：
第一,从数量上看,江苏省1993个水利旅游资源单体分属2个主类、8个亚类、24个基本类型,与全国相比缺乏冰川观光地和常年积雪地两个基本类型。其中,自然水域景观、水利工程景观所占比例分别为34.67%、65.33%,8大亚类中水工建筑单体比重最高(48.17%),其它水利景观比重最低(0.35%)。
第二,从质量上看,江苏省水利旅游资源整体质量一般,各主类、亚类均呈现普通级资源为主体、优良级资源比重小的等级结构。全省总储量为5443分,水利工程景观(3178)高于自然水域景观(2265)；8大亚类中,储量最丰富的为水工建筑单体(2771),最少的为其它水利文化景观(38)。全省平均品质分为2.73,属于一般水平,8大亚类中,最高的为其它水利文化景观(5.43),最低为水工建筑综合体(1.10)。
第三,从空间分布特征上看：
(1)江苏省13地市水利旅游资源优势度差异显著,最高者南京市达11.43,是最低者泰州1.17的9.7倍。
(2)江苏省水利旅游资源分布密度为19.56个/千平方千米,其中南京市为全省最密集区,以其为中心逐渐变稀疏。
(3)江苏省水利旅游资源地理集中指数为31.15,在13地级市分布较为集中,其中水利工程景观(33.25)略高于自然水域景观(32.33)。
(4)江苏省水利旅游资源总量基尼系数高达0.9508,不平衡指数为0.3031,13个地级市的资源分布很不均衡,在8大亚类中,瀑布、河口与海面、水利文化景观类别的不均衡程度比较显著,其它5个亚类相对均衡。
(5)全省的水利旅游资源分布格局可总结为四个片区：宁镇扬泰长江沿岸西区,资源储量和品质均最高；苏锡常环太湖区,以湖泊和和池沼为代表的自然水域突出；徐宿淮运河沿岸北区,水利工程密集；连盐通黄海海滨区,以滩涂湿地与滨海为特色。
第四,从开发利用现状来看,江苏省水利旅游资源利用率低,全省利用率仅为27.04%,自然水域景观利用率高于水利工程景观。且开发利用主要集中在优良级资源,对于低等级资源的开发比较单一
第五,江苏省水利旅游存在的问题有：所有权与经营权归属不明；资源开发规模小,布局分散,协调性差；过度商业化开发；水利旅游发展晚,竞争力弱。针对上述问题可采取的解决措施有：塑造个性鲜明的水利旅游品牌、协调旅游资源的保护与开发关系、理顺旅游资源规划开发与管理职能部门的关系、减少商业化,注重参与式生态型旅游资源的开发等。
Water conservancy tourism caters to the public water-loving nature with its specific water body, water conservancy project and water culture landscape as the main tourism attractions. There're a lot of water conservancy travel cases in the world, but the related theoretical research is quite less, especially the research whose focus is on the water conservancy tourism resources. This paper takes Jiangsu Province as an example, makes a systematic analysis about the feature of water conservancy tourism resources、the space differences and the current exploitation and utilization in Jiangsu Province. It has meaning to the water conservancy tourism resources development and ecological environment construction.
The water conservancy tourism resource mentioned in this paper refers to the natural water landscape and human water conservancy engineering landscape which has tourism attraction function. The author builds a new water conservancy tourism resources classification system including2main classes (natural water landscape&water conservancy project landscape),8subclasses and26basic types based on the resources' feature.
We can get the following conclusions through this paper study:
First, in volume term, Jiangsu province owns1993water conservancy tourism resource monomer points which are belong to2main classes,8subclasses,24basic types. At the same time, it lacks2basic types (the glacier sightseeing and the perennial snow) compared with the whole nation. The proportions of natural water landscape and water conservancy project landscape are separately34.67%and65.33%. Among the8subclasses, hydraulic single building has the highest proportion (48.17%) while the other water cultural landscape owns the lowest proportion (0.35%).
Second, the quality level of water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu province is general. All the main classes and sub-classes present similar hierarchical structures:The general level resources constitute the main body while the excellent level resources occupy a small share. The province's total reserve is5443. The human water conservancy projects (with a2265reserve) occupy a more important position than the natural water tourism resources (with a3178reserve). Among the8subclasses, hydraulic single building has the highest reserve (2771) while the other water cultural landscape owns the lowest proportion (38). The average quality in Jiangsu province is1.75at a general level. Among8subclasses, the water conservancy cultural landscape is maximum and the complex hydraulic-building is minimum.
Third, the water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu Province has distribution feature as follows:
(1) The water conservancy tourism resources distribution in Jiangsu province is uneven.13cities have obvious different resource advantage degree; the highest degree in Nanjing (11.43) is9.7times as large as the lowest degree in Suqian (1.17).
(2) The water tourism resource density of Jiangsu province is19.56a/1000km2, Nanjing is the concentration area.
(3) The geographic concentration index of water tourism resources in Jiangsu province is31.15, it suggests that the distribution in13cities is relatively concentrated. At the same time, B class(33.25) has a higher concentration index than Aclass(32.33)..
(4) The gini coefficient of water tourism resources in jiangsu province is as high as0.9508and the unbalanced index is0.3031.The resources concentrates significantly and imbalancely especially the waterfall, river and sea, water conservancy cultural landscape.
(5) The province can be divided into four areas:Ning-Zhen-Yang-Tai area along the Yangtze River (it has the highest resource reserve and quality level), Su-Xi-Chang area around Lake Thai (its natural water-body resource occupies a major position), Xu-Su-Huai area along the canal (the distribution of water conservancy projects is intensive), Lian-Yan-Tong near the Yellow sea beach (its feature landscapes are the beach and coastal wetlands).
Fourth, the utilization rate of the water conservancy tourism resources in Jiangsu province is as low as27.04%, and the utilization rate of natural water landscape resources is higher than the water conservancy project landscape, so water conservancy departments need to strengthen the development of engineering resources.
Fifth, there are following problems on water conservancy tourism in Jiangsu province:the property right and the ownership right are unknown; the resource develops discordantly and over-commercially in a small scale; the water tourism has weak competitiveness. We can take the following measures to solve the above problems:build a distinctive water conservancy tourism brand, coordinate tourism resources protection and development, straighten out the relationship between tourism resources planning development and managing department, reduce commercial development, exploit the participatory and ecological tourism resources.
引文
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