论资源型城市经济转型与可持续发展
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摘要
资源型城市主要是指因资源的开采或开发而兴起,资源型产业在工业结构中占有决定性的支柱地位,主要依靠资源型产业支撑整个城市经济发展的一种特殊的城市类型,它具有强烈的资源指向性。长期以来,在粗放的、资源浪费型的经济发展方式支配下,城市定性单一,无节制的的资源开采,使得资源型城市环境污染日趋严重,地质灾害频繁发生,资源存量日趋减少,有的城市甚至缩短了资源开采利用期,提早进入资源枯竭状态。
资源型城市的经济结构往往呈现出强烈的资源依赖性,寻找这类城市的经济转型与可持续发展路径,是十分必要和紧迫的研究课题。我国资源型城市中以煤炭、石油、有色金属资源型城市居多,也最为典型。本文以探究资源型城市经济转型与可持续发展为论题,选择了安徽省淮南市为实际调查研究的样本,在个案分析的基础上试图总结转型发展思路和政策体系。
淮南市是一座典型的煤炭资源型城市,是华东地区最大的煤炭生产基地,作为历史上著名的煤城,它是“皖电东送”当之无愧的领军主力。目前淮南矿区已探明的煤炭储量尚为可观,为了确保华东地区的能源稳定供给,同时也为了确保淮南经济发展不出现大的波动,短时间内淮南市放弃煤炭产业,实现全方位的经济结构转型是不现实的,必须找到逐步转型的方向和产业引导。长时期单一的资源型经济结构,已经使淮南环境污染、生态恶化发展到了相当严重的程度。淮南这座煤炭资源型城市,在我国众多资源型城市中具有典型性和代表性。
本文运用定性和定量相结合的方法,充分发挥资源、环境、生态研究的专业知识整合应用特长,结合区域经济学、产业经济学、城市经济学、可持续发展经济学等相关的理论基础与方法,对淮南市的经济转型与可持续发展做了深入的研究,尝试构建一个既适合样本地区实际并且具有普适性、易于操作计算的可持续发展评价体系,对淮南市的经济转型与可持续发展能力作出了基本评价。根据评价结果,认为淮南市目前处于可持续发展水平的中低级平台,还有很大的发展潜力和提升空间。根据对淮南市实际调研所掌握的数据、资料,对其经济转型与可持续发展进行了较为详尽的SWOT分析,找出了影响和制约淮南市经济转型与可持续发展的主要因素,从环境污染泛化、产业结构单一、城市规划滞后以及人力资源短缺等方面进行了诊断。
淮南市坚持以深化体制机制改革、推进现代科技进步为新动力,立足转型发展,推动产业结构高级化和煤炭资源型城市经济发展方式的根本转变,能够挖掘和培育出转型发展过程中的区域动态比较优势,再利用区域产业引导政策吸引高素质的人力资本和金融资本,整合优势资源,加快传统产业升级,不断形成新的经济增长点,完全可能在资源型城市实现可持续发展中走出新路子。本文从推进产业升级和城市化进程发展,转变经济发展方式；打造循环经济、低碳经济新品牌；优化产业结构,及早加大生态补偿力度,构架生态恢复重建等方面提出了具体建议。
The resources city is mainly refers to the development of resources exploitation or arisen, in industrial structure of resources industry plays a decisive pillar position, mainly rely on resources industry support the whole city economic development of a kind of special city types, it has strong directional resources. Long-term since, in the extensive, wasting resources, the type of the mode of economic development control, urban qualitative single, inordinate resources exploitation, makes the resources city environment pollution is more serious, geological disasters occur frequently, the resources, the stock is down, some cities and even shorten the resources exploitation period, early exhausted resources into the state.
The economic structure of resources city often present a strong resources dependence, looking for this kind of the city's economic transformation and the sustainable development path, it is very necessary and pressing research subject. In our country the resources city in coal, oil, non-ferrous metal resources city is in the majority, also is the most typical example. This paper explores the economic transformation of resources city and sustainable development as the topic, the choice of anhui province, for practical investigation and study of huainan city sample, in case based on the analysis of the development ideas and attempt to summarize transition policy system.
Huainan is a typical coal resources city, east China area is the largest coal production base, as the history of the famous coal city in huaibei, it is "anhui electricity to the" worthy of the leaders in the main. At present of huainan coal mine its proven coal reserves are still considerable, in order to ensure that the east area of a stable supply of energy, and at the same time, in order to ensure that economic development of huainan doesn't appear fluctuations, inside short time huainan city give up coal industry, achieving all-round economic structure transformation is not realistic, must find the direction of gradually shift, industry guidance. Long periods of economic structure of a single resources, has made the pollution of the environment, ecological deterioration of huainan to quite serious degree. Huainan the coal resources city, in China, many of the resources city are typical and representative.
This paper uses qualitative and quantitative method, give full play to the resource, environment, ecological study of professional knowledge integrative application expertise, and in combination with regional economics, industry economics, urban economics, sustainable development economics and related theoretical basis and method of huainan city of economic transformation and the sustainable development of the research on deep, trying to build a not only suitable for the sample area actual and generality, easy to operate the calculation of the sustainable development evaluation system, the economic transformation of huainan city and the sustainable development capacity to make the basic evaluation. According to the evaluation results, and think now in huainan city sustainable development level of ZhongDiJi platform, still have great potential for growth and promote space. According to the actual research huainan city by the master of the data, the material, the economic transformation and the sustainable development for a more detailed the SWOT analysis, finding out the influenced and restricted the economic transformation and the sustainable development of huainan city the main factors, from environmental pollution, simple industrial structure, the generalization of city planning lag and human resources shortage in diagnosis.
In this paper, the conclusion is encouraging:huainan city adhere to deepen system mechanism of modern science and technology progress and reform for new driving force, based on the transformation, and to promote industrial structure and high grade coal resources city the basic transition of the mode of economic development, to mining and produced in the process of transition and development area the dynamic comparative advantage, using regional industry leading policy to attract high-quality human capital and financial capital, the integration of resources, to speed up the traditional industrial upgrading, constantly forming new economic growth point, could be in realizing the sustainable development of resources city in new way out. This article from the industry upgrading and urbanization development, the transformation of the mode of economic development; Make circular economy, low carbon economy new brand; To optimize the industrial structure, early strengthening the ecological compensation dynamics, ecological restoration and reconstruction architecture, it puts forward concrete Suggestions.
资源型城市的经济结构往往呈现出强烈的资源依赖性,寻找这类城市的经济转型与可持续发展路径,是十分必要和紧迫的研究课题。我国资源型城市中以煤炭、石油、有色金属资源型城市居多,也最为典型。本文以探究资源型城市经济转型与可持续发展为论题,选择了安徽省淮南市为实际调查研究的样本,在个案分析的基础上试图总结转型发展思路和政策体系。
淮南市是一座典型的煤炭资源型城市,是华东地区最大的煤炭生产基地,作为历史上著名的煤城,它是“皖电东送”当之无愧的领军主力。目前淮南矿区已探明的煤炭储量尚为可观,为了确保华东地区的能源稳定供给,同时也为了确保淮南经济发展不出现大的波动,短时间内淮南市放弃煤炭产业,实现全方位的经济结构转型是不现实的,必须找到逐步转型的方向和产业引导。长时期单一的资源型经济结构,已经使淮南环境污染、生态恶化发展到了相当严重的程度。淮南这座煤炭资源型城市,在我国众多资源型城市中具有典型性和代表性。
本文运用定性和定量相结合的方法,充分发挥资源、环境、生态研究的专业知识整合应用特长,结合区域经济学、产业经济学、城市经济学、可持续发展经济学等相关的理论基础与方法,对淮南市的经济转型与可持续发展做了深入的研究,尝试构建一个既适合样本地区实际并且具有普适性、易于操作计算的可持续发展评价体系,对淮南市的经济转型与可持续发展能力作出了基本评价。根据评价结果,认为淮南市目前处于可持续发展水平的中低级平台,还有很大的发展潜力和提升空间。根据对淮南市实际调研所掌握的数据、资料,对其经济转型与可持续发展进行了较为详尽的SWOT分析,找出了影响和制约淮南市经济转型与可持续发展的主要因素,从环境污染泛化、产业结构单一、城市规划滞后以及人力资源短缺等方面进行了诊断。
淮南市坚持以深化体制机制改革、推进现代科技进步为新动力,立足转型发展,推动产业结构高级化和煤炭资源型城市经济发展方式的根本转变,能够挖掘和培育出转型发展过程中的区域动态比较优势,再利用区域产业引导政策吸引高素质的人力资本和金融资本,整合优势资源,加快传统产业升级,不断形成新的经济增长点,完全可能在资源型城市实现可持续发展中走出新路子。本文从推进产业升级和城市化进程发展,转变经济发展方式；打造循环经济、低碳经济新品牌；优化产业结构,及早加大生态补偿力度,构架生态恢复重建等方面提出了具体建议。
The resources city is mainly refers to the development of resources exploitation or arisen, in industrial structure of resources industry plays a decisive pillar position, mainly rely on resources industry support the whole city economic development of a kind of special city types, it has strong directional resources. Long-term since, in the extensive, wasting resources, the type of the mode of economic development control, urban qualitative single, inordinate resources exploitation, makes the resources city environment pollution is more serious, geological disasters occur frequently, the resources, the stock is down, some cities and even shorten the resources exploitation period, early exhausted resources into the state.
The economic structure of resources city often present a strong resources dependence, looking for this kind of the city's economic transformation and the sustainable development path, it is very necessary and pressing research subject. In our country the resources city in coal, oil, non-ferrous metal resources city is in the majority, also is the most typical example. This paper explores the economic transformation of resources city and sustainable development as the topic, the choice of anhui province, for practical investigation and study of huainan city sample, in case based on the analysis of the development ideas and attempt to summarize transition policy system.
Huainan is a typical coal resources city, east China area is the largest coal production base, as the history of the famous coal city in huaibei, it is "anhui electricity to the" worthy of the leaders in the main. At present of huainan coal mine its proven coal reserves are still considerable, in order to ensure that the east area of a stable supply of energy, and at the same time, in order to ensure that economic development of huainan doesn't appear fluctuations, inside short time huainan city give up coal industry, achieving all-round economic structure transformation is not realistic, must find the direction of gradually shift, industry guidance. Long periods of economic structure of a single resources, has made the pollution of the environment, ecological deterioration of huainan to quite serious degree. Huainan the coal resources city, in China, many of the resources city are typical and representative.
This paper uses qualitative and quantitative method, give full play to the resource, environment, ecological study of professional knowledge integrative application expertise, and in combination with regional economics, industry economics, urban economics, sustainable development economics and related theoretical basis and method of huainan city of economic transformation and the sustainable development of the research on deep, trying to build a not only suitable for the sample area actual and generality, easy to operate the calculation of the sustainable development evaluation system, the economic transformation of huainan city and the sustainable development capacity to make the basic evaluation. According to the evaluation results, and think now in huainan city sustainable development level of ZhongDiJi platform, still have great potential for growth and promote space. According to the actual research huainan city by the master of the data, the material, the economic transformation and the sustainable development for a more detailed the SWOT analysis, finding out the influenced and restricted the economic transformation and the sustainable development of huainan city the main factors, from environmental pollution, simple industrial structure, the generalization of city planning lag and human resources shortage in diagnosis.
In this paper, the conclusion is encouraging:huainan city adhere to deepen system mechanism of modern science and technology progress and reform for new driving force, based on the transformation, and to promote industrial structure and high grade coal resources city the basic transition of the mode of economic development, to mining and produced in the process of transition and development area the dynamic comparative advantage, using regional industry leading policy to attract high-quality human capital and financial capital, the integration of resources, to speed up the traditional industrial upgrading, constantly forming new economic growth point, could be in realizing the sustainable development of resources city in new way out. This article from the industry upgrading and urbanization development, the transformation of the mode of economic development; Make circular economy, low carbon economy new brand; To optimize the industrial structure, early strengthening the ecological compensation dynamics, ecological restoration and reconstruction architecture, it puts forward concrete Suggestions.
引文
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