壳聚糖/两性表面活性剂—艾蒿油微胶囊的研制
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摘要
微胶囊技术是功能材料制备中一项重要的应用技术，近年来在纺织品后整理中得到广泛应用，本课题详细地介绍了几种重要的制备微胶囊抗菌剂的方法，综述了国内外微胶囊抗菌剂的研究进展，同时也提出了微胶囊抗菌剂在纺织品抗菌整理中存在的主要问题，并简单阐述了微胶囊化技术在纺织品抗菌领域中的发展趋势及应用前景。
利用单因素试验，研究了壳聚糖降解的最佳条件，在原有基础上对壳聚糖降解的各个因素进行分析，对壳聚糖脱乙酰度（D.D）和特性粘数进行了比对，最终优化了降解壳聚糖的工艺条件，最佳条件为：壳聚糖用量2%，乙酸浓度2.5%，过氧化氢浓度4%，反应时间4h。此条件下降解壳聚糖对D.D较高，黏度适中，水溶性较好，相对分子量在一万以下，颜色较浅。
以N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠和失水山梨醇单油酸酯为乳化剂，采用界面复合物生成法制备艾蒿油乳液，通过油相离心系数对艾蒿油乳液的稳定性进行表征。讨论了搅拌速度、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化剂质量分数、乳化剂配比等因素对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明搅拌速度为3000r/min、温度为60℃、乳化时间为15min、乳化剂质量分数量5%、N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠与失水山梨醇单油酸酯比例为8/2时油相离心系数为0，乳液最稳定。并通过多媒体显微镜和透射电镜观察了乳液液滴的分布及大小形态，在最佳条件下制备的乳液液滴粒径分布均匀，适合复凝聚法制备微胶囊的要求。
以两性表面活性剂N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠(NCNA)和壳聚糖(CS)为壁材，艾蒿油为芯材，采用复凝聚法制备了艾蒿油微胶囊抗菌剂，系统的分析了各个因素对微胶囊分布及形态的影响。结果表明制备微胶囊的最佳条件：芯壁比2/1，系统浓度1%，两种壁材溶液的质量比1/1，复凝聚pH值6.5，复凝聚搅拌速度400r/min，得到的微胶囊分布均匀，粒径小于10μm，呈规则球形。
最后，用抗菌微胶囊处理棉织物，并测试其抗菌效果，结果显示，经处理过的棉织物，对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌有较好的抗菌效果，经洗涤30次后，织物对对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的抑菌率仍高达80%以上。
Microencapsulation is an important technology of the production offunctional powders，and in recent years it is widely used in the field of textilefinishing. Several important microencapsulation technologies were introduced.The trend and recent progress of microcapsule antibacterial reagent wassummarized. At the same time the main existent problems of microcapsuleantibacterial reagent was illuminated in textile antibacterial finishing, and theapplication prospect of microcapsulation finishing reagent in the field of textileantibacterial finishing was also briefly described.
The best conditions of chitosan degradation were studied using single factorexperiment. In the basis of former study, each of the chitosan degradation factorwas analyzed significantly. Chitosan deacelation degree (DD) and intrinsicviscosity were compared. Finally the condition of chitosan degradation processwas optimized, and the best process was: chitosan content was2%, acetic acidconcentration was2.5%, hydrogen peroxide concentration was4%, reaction timewas4h. In this condition the chitosan DD was higher, viscosity was moderate,water-soluble was better, molecular weight was below ten thousand, the colorwas light.
The artemisia oil emulsion was prepared by the method of InterfacialComplexes Generation with emulsifiers of DisodiumN-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-β-alaninate（NCNA）and Span80. The stability ofemulsion was characterized by the method of Oil-phase Centrifugal Coefficient.The effects of stirring speed；emulsifying temperature；emulsifying time；emulsifier dosage and emulsifier ratio on the stability of emulsion wereinvestigated. The results show that the optimum emulsification conditions were:stirring speed was3000r/min, emulsification temperature was60℃,emulsification time was15min, emulsifier dosage was5%, emulsifierratio(Span/NCNA) was8/2. In this condition the Oil-phase Centrifugal Coefficient was0. Meanwhile, multimedia microscope and TransmissionElectron Microscope (TEM) were used to observe the distribution andmorphology of the emulsion droplet which had a uniform distribution andsuitable for microcapsules preparation use the method of complex coacervationin the optimum emulsification conditions.
The artemisia oil microcapsule antibacterial was prepared by complexcoacervation, amphoteric surfactant N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-β-alaninate(NCNA) and chitosan (CS) as shell material, artemisia oil as core material. Theinfluence of each factor on distribution and speciation of microcapsule wasanalyzed systematically. The optimum preparation process of artemisia oilmicrocapsule was obtained: ratio of core/shell materials was2/1, systemconcentrations was1%, ratio of CS/NCNA was1/1, complex coacervation pHvalue was6.5, complex coacervation stirring speed was400r/min. Microcapsulations prepared in this condition had uniform dispersal, particle size lessthan10μm, regular and round appearance.
Finally, microcapsule antibacterial was used finish cotton fabric, and theeffect of antibacterial was tested, the results showed that the finished cottonfabric perform good antibacterial effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus.After washing30times, the antibacterial rate of fabric on escherichia coli andstaphylococcus was as high as80%.
利用单因素试验，研究了壳聚糖降解的最佳条件，在原有基础上对壳聚糖降解的各个因素进行分析，对壳聚糖脱乙酰度（D.D）和特性粘数进行了比对，最终优化了降解壳聚糖的工艺条件，最佳条件为：壳聚糖用量2%，乙酸浓度2.5%，过氧化氢浓度4%，反应时间4h。此条件下降解壳聚糖对D.D较高，黏度适中，水溶性较好，相对分子量在一万以下，颜色较浅。
以N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠和失水山梨醇单油酸酯为乳化剂，采用界面复合物生成法制备艾蒿油乳液，通过油相离心系数对艾蒿油乳液的稳定性进行表征。讨论了搅拌速度、乳化温度、乳化时间、乳化剂质量分数、乳化剂配比等因素对乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明搅拌速度为3000r/min、温度为60℃、乳化时间为15min、乳化剂质量分数量5%、N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠与失水山梨醇单油酸酯比例为8/2时油相离心系数为0，乳液最稳定。并通过多媒体显微镜和透射电镜观察了乳液液滴的分布及大小形态，在最佳条件下制备的乳液液滴粒径分布均匀，适合复凝聚法制备微胶囊的要求。
以两性表面活性剂N-十二烷基亚氨基二丙酸二钠(NCNA)和壳聚糖(CS)为壁材，艾蒿油为芯材，采用复凝聚法制备了艾蒿油微胶囊抗菌剂，系统的分析了各个因素对微胶囊分布及形态的影响。结果表明制备微胶囊的最佳条件：芯壁比2/1，系统浓度1%，两种壁材溶液的质量比1/1，复凝聚pH值6.5，复凝聚搅拌速度400r/min，得到的微胶囊分布均匀，粒径小于10μm，呈规则球形。
最后，用抗菌微胶囊处理棉织物，并测试其抗菌效果，结果显示，经处理过的棉织物，对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌有较好的抗菌效果，经洗涤30次后，织物对对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌的抑菌率仍高达80%以上。
Microencapsulation is an important technology of the production offunctional powders，and in recent years it is widely used in the field of textilefinishing. Several important microencapsulation technologies were introduced.The trend and recent progress of microcapsule antibacterial reagent wassummarized. At the same time the main existent problems of microcapsuleantibacterial reagent was illuminated in textile antibacterial finishing, and theapplication prospect of microcapsulation finishing reagent in the field of textileantibacterial finishing was also briefly described.
The best conditions of chitosan degradation were studied using single factorexperiment. In the basis of former study, each of the chitosan degradation factorwas analyzed significantly. Chitosan deacelation degree (DD) and intrinsicviscosity were compared. Finally the condition of chitosan degradation processwas optimized, and the best process was: chitosan content was2%, acetic acidconcentration was2.5%, hydrogen peroxide concentration was4%, reaction timewas4h. In this condition the chitosan DD was higher, viscosity was moderate,water-soluble was better, molecular weight was below ten thousand, the colorwas light.
The artemisia oil emulsion was prepared by the method of InterfacialComplexes Generation with emulsifiers of DisodiumN-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-β-alaninate（NCNA）and Span80. The stability ofemulsion was characterized by the method of Oil-phase Centrifugal Coefficient.The effects of stirring speed；emulsifying temperature；emulsifying time；emulsifier dosage and emulsifier ratio on the stability of emulsion wereinvestigated. The results show that the optimum emulsification conditions were:stirring speed was3000r/min, emulsification temperature was60℃,emulsification time was15min, emulsifier dosage was5%, emulsifierratio(Span/NCNA) was8/2. In this condition the Oil-phase Centrifugal Coefficient was0. Meanwhile, multimedia microscope and TransmissionElectron Microscope (TEM) were used to observe the distribution andmorphology of the emulsion droplet which had a uniform distribution andsuitable for microcapsules preparation use the method of complex coacervationin the optimum emulsification conditions.
The artemisia oil microcapsule antibacterial was prepared by complexcoacervation, amphoteric surfactant N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-β-alaninate(NCNA) and chitosan (CS) as shell material, artemisia oil as core material. Theinfluence of each factor on distribution and speciation of microcapsule wasanalyzed systematically. The optimum preparation process of artemisia oilmicrocapsule was obtained: ratio of core/shell materials was2/1, systemconcentrations was1%, ratio of CS/NCNA was1/1, complex coacervation pHvalue was6.5, complex coacervation stirring speed was400r/min. Microcapsulations prepared in this condition had uniform dispersal, particle size lessthan10μm, regular and round appearance.
Finally, microcapsule antibacterial was used finish cotton fabric, and theeffect of antibacterial was tested, the results showed that the finished cottonfabric perform good antibacterial effect on escherichia coli and staphylococcus.After washing30times, the antibacterial rate of fabric on escherichia coli andstaphylococcus was as high as80%.
引文
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[2] Bishop, J. R. P., Nelson, G., Lamb, J., Microencapsulation in yeast cells[J]. J.Microencapsulation1998,15(6):761-773.
[3] Gaumann, A., Laudes, M., Jacob, B., Pommersheim, R., C. Laue, W. V., Schrezenmeir, J.,Effect of media composition on long-term in vitro stability of barium alginate andpolyacrylic acid multiplayer microcapsules[J]. Biomaterials2000,21(18):1911-1917.
[4] B. Boh, D. Hodzar, E. Knez, M Kukovic, V. Pipal, K. Voda, Development ofmicrocapsules for textile finishing[J]. In: Glavic, P., Brodjnak-Voncina1999:762-767.
[5] Freitas, S., Merkle, H. P., Gander, B., Microencapsulation by solventextraction/evaporation: reviewing the state of the art of microsphere preparation processtechnology[J]. J. Control. Release2005,102(2):313-332.
[6] Rahula, O. B. W., Jayewardene, A. L., Fonseka, B. D., Varietal difference in theconstituents of citronella oil[J]. Phytochemistry1973,12(11):2697-2704.
[7] Nelson, G., Application of micro-encapsulation in textiles[J]. Int. J. Pharm.2002,242(1-2):55-62.
[8] Yao, K. D., Peng, T., Yin, Y. J., Xu, M. X., Microcapsules/microspheres related tochitosan[J]. JMS-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. C1995,35(1):155-180.
[9] Coderch, L., Manich, A. M., Marti, M., Maza, d. l., A., P., J.L., S., S.,, Complementarystudy of optimizing a wool dyeing process with commercially available liposomes[J].Text Res. J.1999,69(10):789-790.
[10] Colvin, D. P., G.Y. Bryant, Protective clothing containing encapsulated phase changematerials. Advances in heat and mass transfer in biotechnology (HTD). New York: ASME1998,362:123-132.
[11] Karaman, S., Digrak, M., Ravid, U., Ilcim, A., Antibacterial and antifungal activity of theessential oils of Thymus revolutus Celak from Turkey[J]. Ethnopharmacol2001,76(2):183-186.
[12] Park, J. H., Ye, M., Park, K., Biodegradable polymers for microencapsulation of drugs[J].Molecules2005,10(1):146-161.
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