成像式偏振测量的关键问题研究
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摘要
偏振作为光的基本属性之一,其中蕴含着被测物的众多特征信息,因此在光学测量领域,偏振检测是一种不可忽视的基本测量手段,在目标识别、生物医学、地物遥感以及天文、机器视觉、军事等领域都有重要应用。由于人眼无法直接感知光的偏振信息,如何建立快速、高精度的偏振测量装置,是国内外的研究热点之一。
本文主要研究了成像式的偏振测量系统中,在装置建立和测量结果分析及应用等方面的关键问题。在理论上,根据所采用的液晶和双CCD的测量结构,经推导和计算,提出了四次调制的全Stokes矢量测量方案,该方案所需的计算复杂度低,利于程序编写和处理。在测量装置建立中,研制了一个具有像素级匹配精度的双CCD模块,在此模块基础上,搭建了以DSP处理器为控制核心的全Stokes矢量测量装置,以及应用于显微镜的Mueller矩阵图像测量系统。在对偏振测量结果的分析中,重点讨论了由Stokes参数计算得到的各种偏振相关图像,如偏振度、偏振角、椭圆率角等参数,研究了偏振信息在被测物识别和测量中的意义。文章还对偏振测量系统进行了定标测试和误差来源分析,并在此基础上对测量结果进行修正,实现了较高的测量精度。本文研究的内容为偏振测量方法的实用化提出了可靠的技术方案。
As one of the basic properties of light, polarization contains many features of the objects to be measured. The detection of polarized light has important value in the field of optical measurement. It has been applied in many areas, which include target recognition, biomedical engineering, remote-sensing, astronomy, machine vision and military application. The human eyes cannot perceive the polarization information of light, so how to build fast, high-precision polarization measurement devices is one of the hot topics at home and abroad.
This thesis mainly studied the key problems in the imaging polarimeter, which are related to the establishment of the system, the analysis of measuring results and application of the polarimeter. In theory, according to the measurement structure of the liquid crystal modulator and double-CCD, this thesis presents a four-modulation mode of the liquid crystal to measure the full-Stokes vectors. This method required the calculation of low complexity, which is easy to be programmed and calculated. In the establishment of the measurement system, this thesis developed a pixel-level matched double-CCD module. Based on this module, a full-Stokes vectors measurement system which has a DSP processor as its control core was established, as well as a Mueller matrix imaging measurement system which is used for microscopy. In the analysis of the results on the polarization measurement, the polarization parameter images calculated from Stokes vectors were mainly talked about. Degree of polarization, azimuth of polarization, ellipticity and other polarization parameters were studied for their significances in the identification and measurement of the objects to be measured. According to the calibration results and the analysis of sources of error of the measurement system, the result was corrected to achieve high measurement accuracy. The contents of this thesis provide a reliable technical solution for the practical use of polarization measurement methods.
本文主要研究了成像式的偏振测量系统中,在装置建立和测量结果分析及应用等方面的关键问题。在理论上,根据所采用的液晶和双CCD的测量结构,经推导和计算,提出了四次调制的全Stokes矢量测量方案,该方案所需的计算复杂度低,利于程序编写和处理。在测量装置建立中,研制了一个具有像素级匹配精度的双CCD模块,在此模块基础上,搭建了以DSP处理器为控制核心的全Stokes矢量测量装置,以及应用于显微镜的Mueller矩阵图像测量系统。在对偏振测量结果的分析中,重点讨论了由Stokes参数计算得到的各种偏振相关图像,如偏振度、偏振角、椭圆率角等参数,研究了偏振信息在被测物识别和测量中的意义。文章还对偏振测量系统进行了定标测试和误差来源分析,并在此基础上对测量结果进行修正,实现了较高的测量精度。本文研究的内容为偏振测量方法的实用化提出了可靠的技术方案。
As one of the basic properties of light, polarization contains many features of the objects to be measured. The detection of polarized light has important value in the field of optical measurement. It has been applied in many areas, which include target recognition, biomedical engineering, remote-sensing, astronomy, machine vision and military application. The human eyes cannot perceive the polarization information of light, so how to build fast, high-precision polarization measurement devices is one of the hot topics at home and abroad.
This thesis mainly studied the key problems in the imaging polarimeter, which are related to the establishment of the system, the analysis of measuring results and application of the polarimeter. In theory, according to the measurement structure of the liquid crystal modulator and double-CCD, this thesis presents a four-modulation mode of the liquid crystal to measure the full-Stokes vectors. This method required the calculation of low complexity, which is easy to be programmed and calculated. In the establishment of the measurement system, this thesis developed a pixel-level matched double-CCD module. Based on this module, a full-Stokes vectors measurement system which has a DSP processor as its control core was established, as well as a Mueller matrix imaging measurement system which is used for microscopy. In the analysis of the results on the polarization measurement, the polarization parameter images calculated from Stokes vectors were mainly talked about. Degree of polarization, azimuth of polarization, ellipticity and other polarization parameters were studied for their significances in the identification and measurement of the objects to be measured. According to the calibration results and the analysis of sources of error of the measurement system, the result was corrected to achieve high measurement accuracy. The contents of this thesis provide a reliable technical solution for the practical use of polarization measurement methods.
引文
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[20]杨伟锋,洪津,乔延利,等.无人机载偏振CCD相机光机系统设计[J].光学技术,2008,34(3)：469-472.
[21]罗睿智,乔延利,郝沛明,等.偏振CCD相机光学系统的偏振特性分析[J].量子电子学报,2004,21(3)：396-400.
[22]孙晓兵,乔延利,洪津,等.人工目标偏振特征实验研究[J].高技术通讯,2003(8)：23-27.
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