昆明市中等职业学校白、彝、汉族学生体质和营养状况的对比分析研究
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摘要
目的:
目前中等职业学校的体育教学思想是从注重增强学生体质,提高运动能力,养成良好的生活习惯,促进学生的身心健康等方面来发展。既往关于云南高原少数民族人群体质特征的研究,主要调查中国南方跨省少数民族体质特征和研究纳西族、傣族等少数民族的情况,少有关于少数民族和汉族学生的体质和营养状况的对比分析研究。本研究以调查昆明市中职学校白、彝、汉族学生体质和膳食营养状况为基础,通过统计分析,了解昆明市中职学校不同民族学生体质健康状况分布及发展趋势,探索昆明市中等职业学校学生在形态和素质现状方面的生长、发育的规律以及饮食习惯的特点,从而为在民族地区学生中开展合理的营养和运动干预措施,促进和改善青少年学生体质和健康水平提供科学依据。
方法:
1、文献研究法通过对国际、国内体质研究专家和权威机构的文献阅读,确定了体质检测指标的意义和内涵,对我国国内文献历次全国性体质调研所用指标体系内容进行综合分析,最后确定了本次体格营养监测指标的选择原则和方法。
2、采用随机抽样方法确定观测点校,从中抽取彝族、白族、汉族少数民族学生各100人(其中男生103人、女生197人)年龄为16-18岁。所有测试者经入学体检均无心脏、肺脏疾病史,动脉血压正常,无传染病。
3、现场调查法结合国内几次大规模人群体质调研的成果,征求部分专家对调研中使用的各种指标进行信度和效度验证,从中筛选并确定监测指标:50m跑、立定跳远、引体向上(男)、仰卧起坐(女)、1000m跑(男)、800m跑(女)、铅球投掷。
4、实验法经过大量的现场调查和征求意见,根据云南省少数民族学生体格营养特征和对象的身体情况设立监测指标:身高、体重、胸围。
5、问卷调查法(1)对在校少数民族学生进行24 h膳食回顾调查法,了解与本研究有关的营养状况信息。(2)问卷调查法。了解与本研究有关的膳食习惯等信息,在期末第16周发出问卷。
结果:
1.在身高方面,男生:以彝族平均身高最高,白族最矮,彝族和白族之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其他组间均没有显著性差异。女生:以汉族平均身高最高,彝族最矮,彝族明显低于白族和汉族(P<0.05) ,而汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在体重方面,男生:以彝族平均体重最大,汉族最小,彝族和汉族、白族之间均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而白族与汉族之间没有显著性差异。女生:以彝族平均体重最大,汉族最小,其中彝族明显大于汉族(P<0.05) ,其他组间均无显著性差异。在胸围方面,男生:以汉族平均胸围最大,白族最小,汉族和白族之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其他组间均没有显著性差异。女生:以汉族平均胸围最大,彝族最小,彝族明显低于白族和汉族(P<0.05) ,而汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。无论是男生还是女生,彝族和白族的维尔维克指数均明显高于汉族(P<0.05)
2.在速度项目50m短跑上,无论是男生还是女生,都是以彝族平均成绩最好,汉族最差,彝族学生明显优于汉族和白族(P<0.05),而汉族和白族之间没有显著差异。在下肢力量项目立定跳远上,男生:以彝族平均成绩最好,汉族最差,组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生:与男生成绩的趋势相同,彝族显著高于汉族和白族(P<0.05),但汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在腰腹肌力量项目上,女生的仰卧起坐成绩以汉族最好,彝族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);男生的引体向上成绩以彝族最好,白族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在耐力项目上,男生1000m跑的成绩以彝族最好,汉族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生800m跑的成绩与男生成绩的趋势一样,彝族显著高于汉族和白族(P<0.05),但汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在上肢力量项目投掷铅球上,男生:以彝族最好,汉族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生:以汉族平均成绩最好,白族最差,汉族显著高于白族和彝族(P<0.05) ,但白族与彝族之间无显著性差异。
3.在营养不良检出率上,无论是男生还是女生,都是以汉族最高,彝族最低,彝族、白族学生明显优于汉族学生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。在超重、肥胖检出率汉族也较彝族和白族学生高(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。能量摄入方面:汉族男、女生能量摄入量低于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。汉族男生的蛋白质摄入量低于彝族和白族男生;汉族男生在脂肪的摄入量高于彝族和白族男生(P<0.05),彝族和白族男、女生碳水化合物摄入量高于汉族男、女生(P<0.05)。矿物质摄入方面:汉族男、女生钙摄入量上低于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而铁、锌、硒摄入量高于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。维生素摄入方面:汉族男生视黄醇当量低于彝族男生(P<0.05),彝族和白族男、女生维生素C摄入量均高于汉族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。膳食构成方面:彝族和白族男、女生谷类、豆类、蔬菜摄入量均高于汉族男、女生,各族男生奶类、蛋类食品均摄入较少,各族女生肉类摄入较少,各族学生水产品摄入量严重不足。
结论:
1.汉族、彝族和白族学生在身体形态指标上各有优劣,没有一致性的规律。彝族男生在身高和体重方面有优势,而汉族男生在胸围方面有优势;汉族女生在身高和胸围方面表现较好,而彝族女生在体重方面表现较好。但从维尔维克指数来看,彝族和白族的男、女学生都要优于汉族,提示总体上彝族和白族学生的身体发育形态较汉族学生要好。
2.在身体素质方面,男生当中彝族学生的优势非常突出,而汉族学生身体素质表现较差;在女生当中,彝族和白族学生的速度、耐力、下肢力量普遍优于汉族,但在腰腹肌力量和上肢力量上则明显低于汉族。从总体上来说彝族和白族学生的身体素质整体水平要高于汉族学生,尤其是男生表现更为明显。
3.在体格营养状况方面,汉族学生的营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率高于彝族和白族学生;在膳食营养状况方面,各民族学生能量摄入基本满足要求,但碳水化合物摄入普遍偏高,蛋白质和脂肪摄入偏低,几种重要矿物质和维生素的摄入也明显不足,这与各民族学生的蔬菜、水果、奶类和豆类、动物性食物均摄入不足,谷类摄入偏高有关。各民族学生的膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,未达到合理营养和平衡膳食的要求,但从总体上来说彝族和白族学生的营养状况优于汉族学生。
本调查结果显示:彝族、白族学生在身体形态、身体素质、营养状况上优于汉族学生,但大部分学生存在不良饮食习惯,膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,未达到合理营养和平衡膳食的要求。营养因素是决定学生身体形态发育、身体素质发展的重要因素之一,多方面改善学生营养状况将有助于促进学生生长发育和身体素质的提高。并针对不同民族学生的体质特点选择教学内容、方法和手段,以便更好地促进学生健康水平的提高。
Objective
Currently, the goals of physical education in secondary vocational schools are building up health, improving athletic ability and forming healthy habits in daily life. Most previous studies of physical and nutritional status of national minorities in Yunnan were mainly focused on Naxi, Dai and other trans-provincial nationalities, no research of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students in vocational schools were conducted. Through investigation of physical and nutritional status of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students in secondary vocational schools of Kunming, with further follow-ups and statistic analysis, this study reviewed there were differences of these three nationality groups in dietetic and developmental status, therefore provide scientific evidence for future physical and nutritional interventions to improve adolescent’s health in Yunnan.
Methods
1. Literature review: By reviewing literature in international/domestic journals, the criterions and methods of measuring physical/nutritional status were confirmed.
2. Samples: stratified random selecting method was used to choose schools and students for the study; totally 300 hundred students aged 16-18 was selected (100 for each nationality with 103 boys and 197 girls); all participants had no cardiac diseases, respiratory diseases or infectious diseases according the a medical examination at the enrollment.
3. Test of performance: Through integration of major domestic investigations in physical status; and further validating reliability and validity of the measurements used in these investigations, following test were chosen for performance measurement - 50m running, standing long jump, pull-up (male), sit-up (female), 1000m running (male), 800m running, shot put.
4. Body measurements: According to physical and nutritional characteristics in Yunnan, the following measurements were chosen for indicating nutritional and developmental status– height, weight, circumference of chest, fat thickness of the upper arm and lower point of scapular.
5. Questionnaire: A questionnaire was given to students at the end of the semester to gather information in daily diet.
Results
1. Height: Male Yi nationality students were the tallest among all at the same age, and Bai was the shortest, the difference between Yi and Bai was significant (P<0.05). Female Han students were the tallest, while Yi was the shortest (P<0.05) and no significant difference was found between Han and Bai. In terms of weight, male Yi students had the highest measure while Han the lowest, the difference among all three nationalities were significant (P<0.05). Female Yi students also had the highest measure in weight while Han the lowest, the only significant difference was found between Yi and Han (P<0.05). Circumference, male Han students were measured the highest, Bai the lowest and the only significant difference was found between these two (P<0.05). Female girls also had the highest measure in circumference, Yi the lowest and significantly less than Han and Bai (P<0.05). According to Weierweike Index, the body figure of the students of Yi and Bai nationality were more well-proportioned than that of Han nationality (P<0.05).
2. Physical performances: 50M, both male and female Yi students performed the best while Han the lowest, Yi students were significantly better than Han and Bai (P<0.05). Standing long jump: male Yi performed the best and Han the worst, the difference was significant between these two (P<0.05). Same trend was identified among female students, with Yi significantly better than Han and Bai (P<0.05). Strength: Han female performed the best in sit-up while Yi the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Male Yi students performed the best in pull up while Bai the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Endurance: male Yi performed the best in 1000M while Han the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Yi female performed significantly better in 800M than the others (P<0.05). Shot up: Yi male students performed the best while Han the worst, the difference among all groups was significant (P<0.05). Female Han students performed the best in shot up while Bai the worst, Han performed significantly better than the others (P<0.05).
3. Differences in dietetic habits existed among different nationality groups. In terms of malnutrition, the highest number in both male and female were identified in Han nationality, Yi had the lowest number in malnutrition and both Yi and Bai were superior than Han (P<0.05). Obesity: Han was significantly higher in quantity than the others (P<0.05). Intake of nutrients: Han students had the highest amount in energy (P<0.05), and male Han consumed the largest amount of fat (P<0.05), Male Han students had the highest intake in protein (P<0.05), Yi and Bai had higher intake of carbohydrates than that of Han (P<0.05). Han students had higher intake of mineral substance than Bai and Yi (P<0.05), and Han male students had higher intake of retinol than Yi (P<0.05). Yi and Bai students had higher Vitamin C intake than Han (P<0.05). Dietetic habits: Yi and Bai students consumed more grain, legume and vegetable than Han (P<0.05). All male groups had insufficient intake in dairy, eggs, and all female groups had insufficient intake in meat, all students had insufficient intake of fish. .
Conclusion
1. Differences nationalities had advantages in different aspects of physical status, no definite conclusion could be drawn. However, according to Weierweike Index, the body figure of the students of Yi and Bai nationality were more well-proportioned than that of Han nationality.
2. In terms of physical performance, male Yi students were significantly superior than others, and Han performed the worst. Female Yi and Bai students were superior in speed, endurance, and lower limb strength, while Han girls were better in body trunk and upper limb strength. In general, Yi and Bai students performed better physically than Han, especially for male students.
3. The consumption of nutrient wasn’t related to one’s physical status and financial situation. Due to the habits in diet, most students’nutritional level was unsatisfactory; however Yi and Bai were superior to Han students in terms of nutritional intake.
In summary, the physical constitution and nutritional status of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students were different, Yi and Bai students were superior to Han students in body figure, physical performance and nutritional condition. However, most students had imbalanced nutrient intake and had not reached the level of a healthy diet. Nutrients intake is crucial to students’development and physical status, improving nutritional level of students and choose different physical education methods according to each nationality’s characteristics would greatly facilitate the level of students’health.
目前中等职业学校的体育教学思想是从注重增强学生体质,提高运动能力,养成良好的生活习惯,促进学生的身心健康等方面来发展。既往关于云南高原少数民族人群体质特征的研究,主要调查中国南方跨省少数民族体质特征和研究纳西族、傣族等少数民族的情况,少有关于少数民族和汉族学生的体质和营养状况的对比分析研究。本研究以调查昆明市中职学校白、彝、汉族学生体质和膳食营养状况为基础,通过统计分析,了解昆明市中职学校不同民族学生体质健康状况分布及发展趋势,探索昆明市中等职业学校学生在形态和素质现状方面的生长、发育的规律以及饮食习惯的特点,从而为在民族地区学生中开展合理的营养和运动干预措施,促进和改善青少年学生体质和健康水平提供科学依据。
方法:
1、文献研究法通过对国际、国内体质研究专家和权威机构的文献阅读,确定了体质检测指标的意义和内涵,对我国国内文献历次全国性体质调研所用指标体系内容进行综合分析,最后确定了本次体格营养监测指标的选择原则和方法。
2、采用随机抽样方法确定观测点校,从中抽取彝族、白族、汉族少数民族学生各100人(其中男生103人、女生197人)年龄为16-18岁。所有测试者经入学体检均无心脏、肺脏疾病史,动脉血压正常,无传染病。
3、现场调查法结合国内几次大规模人群体质调研的成果,征求部分专家对调研中使用的各种指标进行信度和效度验证,从中筛选并确定监测指标:50m跑、立定跳远、引体向上(男)、仰卧起坐(女)、1000m跑(男)、800m跑(女)、铅球投掷。
4、实验法经过大量的现场调查和征求意见,根据云南省少数民族学生体格营养特征和对象的身体情况设立监测指标:身高、体重、胸围。
5、问卷调查法(1)对在校少数民族学生进行24 h膳食回顾调查法,了解与本研究有关的营养状况信息。(2)问卷调查法。了解与本研究有关的膳食习惯等信息,在期末第16周发出问卷。
结果:
1.在身高方面,男生:以彝族平均身高最高,白族最矮,彝族和白族之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其他组间均没有显著性差异。女生:以汉族平均身高最高,彝族最矮,彝族明显低于白族和汉族(P<0.05) ,而汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在体重方面,男生:以彝族平均体重最大,汉族最小,彝族和汉族、白族之间均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),而白族与汉族之间没有显著性差异。女生:以彝族平均体重最大,汉族最小,其中彝族明显大于汉族(P<0.05) ,其他组间均无显著性差异。在胸围方面,男生:以汉族平均胸围最大,白族最小,汉族和白族之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其他组间均没有显著性差异。女生:以汉族平均胸围最大,彝族最小,彝族明显低于白族和汉族(P<0.05) ,而汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。无论是男生还是女生,彝族和白族的维尔维克指数均明显高于汉族(P<0.05)
2.在速度项目50m短跑上,无论是男生还是女生,都是以彝族平均成绩最好,汉族最差,彝族学生明显优于汉族和白族(P<0.05),而汉族和白族之间没有显著差异。在下肢力量项目立定跳远上,男生:以彝族平均成绩最好,汉族最差,组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生:与男生成绩的趋势相同,彝族显著高于汉族和白族(P<0.05),但汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在腰腹肌力量项目上,女生的仰卧起坐成绩以汉族最好,彝族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);男生的引体向上成绩以彝族最好,白族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在耐力项目上,男生1000m跑的成绩以彝族最好,汉族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生800m跑的成绩与男生成绩的趋势一样,彝族显著高于汉族和白族(P<0.05),但汉族和白族之间无显著性差异。在上肢力量项目投掷铅球上,男生:以彝族最好,汉族最差,组间比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05);女生:以汉族平均成绩最好,白族最差,汉族显著高于白族和彝族(P<0.05) ,但白族与彝族之间无显著性差异。
3.在营养不良检出率上,无论是男生还是女生,都是以汉族最高,彝族最低,彝族、白族学生明显优于汉族学生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。在超重、肥胖检出率汉族也较彝族和白族学生高(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。能量摄入方面:汉族男、女生能量摄入量低于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。汉族男生的蛋白质摄入量低于彝族和白族男生;汉族男生在脂肪的摄入量高于彝族和白族男生(P<0.05),彝族和白族男、女生碳水化合物摄入量高于汉族男、女生(P<0.05)。矿物质摄入方面:汉族男、女生钙摄入量上低于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而铁、锌、硒摄入量高于彝族和白族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。维生素摄入方面:汉族男生视黄醇当量低于彝族男生(P<0.05),彝族和白族男、女生维生素C摄入量均高于汉族男、女生(P<0.05),而彝族和白族之间没有显著差异。膳食构成方面:彝族和白族男、女生谷类、豆类、蔬菜摄入量均高于汉族男、女生,各族男生奶类、蛋类食品均摄入较少,各族女生肉类摄入较少,各族学生水产品摄入量严重不足。
结论:
1.汉族、彝族和白族学生在身体形态指标上各有优劣,没有一致性的规律。彝族男生在身高和体重方面有优势,而汉族男生在胸围方面有优势;汉族女生在身高和胸围方面表现较好,而彝族女生在体重方面表现较好。但从维尔维克指数来看,彝族和白族的男、女学生都要优于汉族,提示总体上彝族和白族学生的身体发育形态较汉族学生要好。
2.在身体素质方面,男生当中彝族学生的优势非常突出,而汉族学生身体素质表现较差;在女生当中,彝族和白族学生的速度、耐力、下肢力量普遍优于汉族,但在腰腹肌力量和上肢力量上则明显低于汉族。从总体上来说彝族和白族学生的身体素质整体水平要高于汉族学生,尤其是男生表现更为明显。
3.在体格营养状况方面,汉族学生的营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率高于彝族和白族学生;在膳食营养状况方面,各民族学生能量摄入基本满足要求,但碳水化合物摄入普遍偏高,蛋白质和脂肪摄入偏低,几种重要矿物质和维生素的摄入也明显不足,这与各民族学生的蔬菜、水果、奶类和豆类、动物性食物均摄入不足,谷类摄入偏高有关。各民族学生的膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,未达到合理营养和平衡膳食的要求,但从总体上来说彝族和白族学生的营养状况优于汉族学生。
本调查结果显示:彝族、白族学生在身体形态、身体素质、营养状况上优于汉族学生,但大部分学生存在不良饮食习惯,膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不均衡,未达到合理营养和平衡膳食的要求。营养因素是决定学生身体形态发育、身体素质发展的重要因素之一,多方面改善学生营养状况将有助于促进学生生长发育和身体素质的提高。并针对不同民族学生的体质特点选择教学内容、方法和手段,以便更好地促进学生健康水平的提高。
Objective
Currently, the goals of physical education in secondary vocational schools are building up health, improving athletic ability and forming healthy habits in daily life. Most previous studies of physical and nutritional status of national minorities in Yunnan were mainly focused on Naxi, Dai and other trans-provincial nationalities, no research of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students in vocational schools were conducted. Through investigation of physical and nutritional status of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students in secondary vocational schools of Kunming, with further follow-ups and statistic analysis, this study reviewed there were differences of these three nationality groups in dietetic and developmental status, therefore provide scientific evidence for future physical and nutritional interventions to improve adolescent’s health in Yunnan.
Methods
1. Literature review: By reviewing literature in international/domestic journals, the criterions and methods of measuring physical/nutritional status were confirmed.
2. Samples: stratified random selecting method was used to choose schools and students for the study; totally 300 hundred students aged 16-18 was selected (100 for each nationality with 103 boys and 197 girls); all participants had no cardiac diseases, respiratory diseases or infectious diseases according the a medical examination at the enrollment.
3. Test of performance: Through integration of major domestic investigations in physical status; and further validating reliability and validity of the measurements used in these investigations, following test were chosen for performance measurement - 50m running, standing long jump, pull-up (male), sit-up (female), 1000m running (male), 800m running, shot put.
4. Body measurements: According to physical and nutritional characteristics in Yunnan, the following measurements were chosen for indicating nutritional and developmental status– height, weight, circumference of chest, fat thickness of the upper arm and lower point of scapular.
5. Questionnaire: A questionnaire was given to students at the end of the semester to gather information in daily diet.
Results
1. Height: Male Yi nationality students were the tallest among all at the same age, and Bai was the shortest, the difference between Yi and Bai was significant (P<0.05). Female Han students were the tallest, while Yi was the shortest (P<0.05) and no significant difference was found between Han and Bai. In terms of weight, male Yi students had the highest measure while Han the lowest, the difference among all three nationalities were significant (P<0.05). Female Yi students also had the highest measure in weight while Han the lowest, the only significant difference was found between Yi and Han (P<0.05). Circumference, male Han students were measured the highest, Bai the lowest and the only significant difference was found between these two (P<0.05). Female girls also had the highest measure in circumference, Yi the lowest and significantly less than Han and Bai (P<0.05). According to Weierweike Index, the body figure of the students of Yi and Bai nationality were more well-proportioned than that of Han nationality (P<0.05).
2. Physical performances: 50M, both male and female Yi students performed the best while Han the lowest, Yi students were significantly better than Han and Bai (P<0.05). Standing long jump: male Yi performed the best and Han the worst, the difference was significant between these two (P<0.05). Same trend was identified among female students, with Yi significantly better than Han and Bai (P<0.05). Strength: Han female performed the best in sit-up while Yi the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Male Yi students performed the best in pull up while Bai the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Endurance: male Yi performed the best in 1000M while Han the worst, the difference between these two was significant (P<0.05). Yi female performed significantly better in 800M than the others (P<0.05). Shot up: Yi male students performed the best while Han the worst, the difference among all groups was significant (P<0.05). Female Han students performed the best in shot up while Bai the worst, Han performed significantly better than the others (P<0.05).
3. Differences in dietetic habits existed among different nationality groups. In terms of malnutrition, the highest number in both male and female were identified in Han nationality, Yi had the lowest number in malnutrition and both Yi and Bai were superior than Han (P<0.05). Obesity: Han was significantly higher in quantity than the others (P<0.05). Intake of nutrients: Han students had the highest amount in energy (P<0.05), and male Han consumed the largest amount of fat (P<0.05), Male Han students had the highest intake in protein (P<0.05), Yi and Bai had higher intake of carbohydrates than that of Han (P<0.05). Han students had higher intake of mineral substance than Bai and Yi (P<0.05), and Han male students had higher intake of retinol than Yi (P<0.05). Yi and Bai students had higher Vitamin C intake than Han (P<0.05). Dietetic habits: Yi and Bai students consumed more grain, legume and vegetable than Han (P<0.05). All male groups had insufficient intake in dairy, eggs, and all female groups had insufficient intake in meat, all students had insufficient intake of fish. .
Conclusion
1. Differences nationalities had advantages in different aspects of physical status, no definite conclusion could be drawn. However, according to Weierweike Index, the body figure of the students of Yi and Bai nationality were more well-proportioned than that of Han nationality.
2. In terms of physical performance, male Yi students were significantly superior than others, and Han performed the worst. Female Yi and Bai students were superior in speed, endurance, and lower limb strength, while Han girls were better in body trunk and upper limb strength. In general, Yi and Bai students performed better physically than Han, especially for male students.
3. The consumption of nutrient wasn’t related to one’s physical status and financial situation. Due to the habits in diet, most students’nutritional level was unsatisfactory; however Yi and Bai were superior to Han students in terms of nutritional intake.
In summary, the physical constitution and nutritional status of Bai, Yi and Han nationality students were different, Yi and Bai students were superior to Han students in body figure, physical performance and nutritional condition. However, most students had imbalanced nutrient intake and had not reached the level of a healthy diet. Nutrients intake is crucial to students’development and physical status, improving nutritional level of students and choose different physical education methods according to each nationality’s characteristics would greatly facilitate the level of students’health.
引文
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