冷应激和冷适应游泳对大鼠血液流变性及主动脉NO，NOS的影响
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摘要
目的:本实验结合冬泳的两个要素——规律游泳运动和冷适应,以SD大鼠为实验对象,模拟冬泳运动。研究冬泳运动对于血液流变性和主动脉NO、NOS的影响,并讨论其影响机制。
材料及方法:用纯系普通雄性SD大鼠30只,10月龄左右,体重185±15g。温度20±3℃,相对湿度50±5%。大鼠分笼饲养,每笼3～4只。自然光照,自由进食饮水。大鼠适应性饲养3天后,随机分成三组,对照组10只,冷应激组10只,冷适应组10只。对照组:不运动,实验第7周处死。冷应激组:不运动,第6周末进行适应性游泳训练3天,第7周在8℃水温中运动一次,时间8min,运动后即刻处死。冷适应组:适应性游泳训练3天,之后进入正式训练,训练6周。第7周在8℃水温中运动一次,时间8min,运动后即刻处死。每周定期称量大鼠体重。处死大鼠时,以断头取血方式,取血注入EDTA-抗凝管。取血后立即送检大连医科大学附属第二医院检验科,做临床血液流变学指标测试。开腹腔后,迅速完全分离出主动脉。取材用NOS试剂盒、NO试剂盒等做生化检测。
结果:冷适应游泳组一般情况良好,在训练至第三周时,体重增加明显低于冷应激组和安静对照组(P<0.01)。冷应激组全血粘度(高、中、低切)及全血还原粘度(高、中、低切)均有升高的趋势,其中全血还原粘度非常显著的增高(P<0.01)。而冷适应游泳组全血粘度(高、中、低切)及全血还原粘度(高、中、低切)较冷应激组均有所改善,尤其是血还原粘度(高、中、低切)有非常显著的改善(P<0.01)。冷应激组红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数和刚性指数升高非常明显(P<0.01)。而冷适应游泳组的红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数和刚性指数较冷应激组有显著的改善(P<0.01)。冷应激组的红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血红蛋白均呈下降趋势,而冷适应游泳组红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血红蛋白反而呈上升趋势。但是均不显著(P>0.05)。冷应激组的屈服应力、卡松粘度和红细胞电泳时间均呈上升趋势,而冷适应游泳组呈缓解的趋势。但是均不显著(P>0.05)。冷应激组主动脉NO含量呈减少趋势,但是并不显著(P>0.05)。而冷适应游泳组NO含量反而呈显著上升(P<0.05)。冷应激组TNOS活力和iNOS活力呈下降趋势,而冷适应有用组TNOS活力和iNOS活力反而显著增高(P<0.01)。
结论:以冷适应游泳训练模拟冬泳运动,可以有效的抵抗冷水应激对于血液粘度的升高作用;增强红细胞的变形能力。并可提高主动脉NOS的活性,增加主动脉NO的含量。可以有效的控制体重的增加,保持良好的精神状态。
BACKGROUND: This study combines two factors of winter swimming, regular swimming and cold-adaptation, to mimic winter swimming in rats. The effects of winter swimming on hemorheology and NO and NOS of aorta were studied, and the mechanism was discussed.
MATERIALS and METHODS: Use 30 SD rats, 10 months old and avoirdupois 185±15g. The rats were raised in the temperature of 20±3℃, relative humidity of 50±5% and 3～4 rats per cage with natural lighting and free food and water. After 3 days’breeding, they were randomly separated into 3 groups, 10 rats in the control group, 10rats in the cold stimulation group and 10rats in the cold-adaptation group. In the control group, the rats with no exercise were killed in the 7th week. In the cold stimulation group, the rats without exercises until the end of 6th week were trained to swim 3 days, exercised in the 8℃water 8 mins in the 7th week, and then were killed immediately. In the cold-adaptation group, the rats were trained to swim 3 days, and then went into formal exercises for 6 weeks. In the 7th week, they swam in the 8℃water 8 mins and then were killed immediately. These cats were termly weighed every week. Collect the blood by Cutting Rats' heads, which was infused into EDTA-anticoagulant tubes and sent to do clinic hemorheological index tests in the clinical laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Separate the aorta quickly right after opening the abdominal cavity of rats and use NOS Kit and NO Kit to do Biochemistry detection.
RESULTS: The cold-adaptation group had a good condition, and the gain weight was markedly lower than the other two group(sP<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the whole blood viscosity (low, medium and high shear) and the reduced viscosity of whole blood (low, medium and high shear) both had an increasing trend, and the reduced viscosity of whole blood increased significantly(P<0.01); in the cold-adaptation group, the whole blood viscosity (low, medium and high shear) and the reduced viscosity of whole blood (low, medium and high shear) were both ameliorated, and especially the reduced viscosity of whole blood was improved significantly(P<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the aggregative index of red blood cell (AIRBC), the erythrocyte deformation index (EDI) and the rigidity index (RI) all increased significantly (P<0.01); in the cold-adaptation group, the AIRBC, EDI and RI were all ameliorated(P<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the hematokrit, the red-cell count and the hemoglobin all had a downtrend; instead in the cold-adaptation group, the hematokrit, the red-cell count and the hemoglobin all had an uptrend. But they were all not significant(P>0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the stress yield, the Casson viscosity and the erythrocyte electrophoretic time all raised; in the cold-adaptation group, these figures all had a catabatic trend. But they were both not significant(P>0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the NO content reduced, but was not significant(P>0.05); instead in the cold-adaptation group, the NO content increased(P<0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the activity of TNOS and iNOS had a downtrend; instead in the cold-adaptation group, the activity of TNOS and iNOS increased significantly(P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:The winter swimming sport with the cold-adaptation training can effectively resist the increase of blood viscosity caused by cold stimulation, and enhance the erythrocyte deformability. It may also help to improve the NO content and NOS activity of aorta, to control the increase of body weight, and to keep in good form.
材料及方法:用纯系普通雄性SD大鼠30只,10月龄左右,体重185±15g。温度20±3℃,相对湿度50±5%。大鼠分笼饲养,每笼3～4只。自然光照,自由进食饮水。大鼠适应性饲养3天后,随机分成三组,对照组10只,冷应激组10只,冷适应组10只。对照组:不运动,实验第7周处死。冷应激组:不运动,第6周末进行适应性游泳训练3天,第7周在8℃水温中运动一次,时间8min,运动后即刻处死。冷适应组:适应性游泳训练3天,之后进入正式训练,训练6周。第7周在8℃水温中运动一次,时间8min,运动后即刻处死。每周定期称量大鼠体重。处死大鼠时,以断头取血方式,取血注入EDTA-抗凝管。取血后立即送检大连医科大学附属第二医院检验科,做临床血液流变学指标测试。开腹腔后,迅速完全分离出主动脉。取材用NOS试剂盒、NO试剂盒等做生化检测。
结果:冷适应游泳组一般情况良好,在训练至第三周时,体重增加明显低于冷应激组和安静对照组(P<0.01)。冷应激组全血粘度(高、中、低切)及全血还原粘度(高、中、低切)均有升高的趋势,其中全血还原粘度非常显著的增高(P<0.01)。而冷适应游泳组全血粘度(高、中、低切)及全血还原粘度(高、中、低切)较冷应激组均有所改善,尤其是血还原粘度(高、中、低切)有非常显著的改善(P<0.01)。冷应激组红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数和刚性指数升高非常明显(P<0.01)。而冷适应游泳组的红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数和刚性指数较冷应激组有显著的改善(P<0.01)。冷应激组的红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血红蛋白均呈下降趋势,而冷适应游泳组红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血红蛋白反而呈上升趋势。但是均不显著(P>0.05)。冷应激组的屈服应力、卡松粘度和红细胞电泳时间均呈上升趋势,而冷适应游泳组呈缓解的趋势。但是均不显著(P>0.05)。冷应激组主动脉NO含量呈减少趋势,但是并不显著(P>0.05)。而冷适应游泳组NO含量反而呈显著上升(P<0.05)。冷应激组TNOS活力和iNOS活力呈下降趋势,而冷适应有用组TNOS活力和iNOS活力反而显著增高(P<0.01)。
结论:以冷适应游泳训练模拟冬泳运动,可以有效的抵抗冷水应激对于血液粘度的升高作用;增强红细胞的变形能力。并可提高主动脉NOS的活性,增加主动脉NO的含量。可以有效的控制体重的增加,保持良好的精神状态。
BACKGROUND: This study combines two factors of winter swimming, regular swimming and cold-adaptation, to mimic winter swimming in rats. The effects of winter swimming on hemorheology and NO and NOS of aorta were studied, and the mechanism was discussed.
MATERIALS and METHODS: Use 30 SD rats, 10 months old and avoirdupois 185±15g. The rats were raised in the temperature of 20±3℃, relative humidity of 50±5% and 3～4 rats per cage with natural lighting and free food and water. After 3 days’breeding, they were randomly separated into 3 groups, 10 rats in the control group, 10rats in the cold stimulation group and 10rats in the cold-adaptation group. In the control group, the rats with no exercise were killed in the 7th week. In the cold stimulation group, the rats without exercises until the end of 6th week were trained to swim 3 days, exercised in the 8℃water 8 mins in the 7th week, and then were killed immediately. In the cold-adaptation group, the rats were trained to swim 3 days, and then went into formal exercises for 6 weeks. In the 7th week, they swam in the 8℃water 8 mins and then were killed immediately. These cats were termly weighed every week. Collect the blood by Cutting Rats' heads, which was infused into EDTA-anticoagulant tubes and sent to do clinic hemorheological index tests in the clinical laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Separate the aorta quickly right after opening the abdominal cavity of rats and use NOS Kit and NO Kit to do Biochemistry detection.
RESULTS: The cold-adaptation group had a good condition, and the gain weight was markedly lower than the other two group(sP<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the whole blood viscosity (low, medium and high shear) and the reduced viscosity of whole blood (low, medium and high shear) both had an increasing trend, and the reduced viscosity of whole blood increased significantly(P<0.01); in the cold-adaptation group, the whole blood viscosity (low, medium and high shear) and the reduced viscosity of whole blood (low, medium and high shear) were both ameliorated, and especially the reduced viscosity of whole blood was improved significantly(P<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the aggregative index of red blood cell (AIRBC), the erythrocyte deformation index (EDI) and the rigidity index (RI) all increased significantly (P<0.01); in the cold-adaptation group, the AIRBC, EDI and RI were all ameliorated(P<0.01). In the cold stimulation group, the hematokrit, the red-cell count and the hemoglobin all had a downtrend; instead in the cold-adaptation group, the hematokrit, the red-cell count and the hemoglobin all had an uptrend. But they were all not significant(P>0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the stress yield, the Casson viscosity and the erythrocyte electrophoretic time all raised; in the cold-adaptation group, these figures all had a catabatic trend. But they were both not significant(P>0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the NO content reduced, but was not significant(P>0.05); instead in the cold-adaptation group, the NO content increased(P<0.05). In the cold stimulation group, the activity of TNOS and iNOS had a downtrend; instead in the cold-adaptation group, the activity of TNOS and iNOS increased significantly(P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:The winter swimming sport with the cold-adaptation training can effectively resist the increase of blood viscosity caused by cold stimulation, and enhance the erythrocyte deformability. It may also help to improve the NO content and NOS activity of aorta, to control the increase of body weight, and to keep in good form.
引文
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