推动中韩FTA的港口群网络体系构建研究
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摘要
从世界经济发展的背景和趋势看,区域经济一体化已经是世界性潮流,世界上主要的区域集团都在推进或深化一体化进程。各国之间的经济关系日益紧密,各国经济打破行政区划界限,优势互补、联合协作,实现共同的发展目标。区域经济一体化是不可逆转的潮流和趋势。今后,在相当长的时期里,区域经济一体化仍会获得蓬勃发展。但是,作为最具有潜力的东北亚地区目前不仅落后于欧美经济发达地区,也落后于近邻东南亚地区。中、韩两国是彼此间经贸关系发展最快的国家,贸易上存在较大的互补性,可以通过建立自由贸易区,消减贸易壁垒,来发挥三国的比较优势和竞争优势,从而使经济获得更好的发展,也能带动整个地区经济合作。
海洋运输是国际贸易中最主要的运输方式,目前占国际贸易总运量中的2/3以上。中国和韩国之间的双边贸易基本上都是靠海上运输来实现的。因此要增加中韩两国间的贸易往来、提高双边贸易额,加深两国港口的合作的重要性更加突出。然而现在中韩港口之间呈现出过度竞争的格局。这种通过低价策略争夺货源的竞争,导致港口利用率下降,港口收益受到损失。而且这种激烈的竞争还会使口岸通关效率低下,形成贸易壁垒,对双边贸易造成了负面影响。因此,为了促进双边贸易发展,推动中韩FTA的建立,必须构建出中韩港口群网络体系。
运用聚类模糊分析,构建中韩港口群的中心-外围模型体系。充分发挥出中韩港口合作对区域经济一体化的作用,各港口进行合理布局、合理分工与统一协调,优化港口群体系,增强合作机制,构建区域物流网络体系,形成良性循环,共同促进区域一体化形成,推动中韩FTA的建立。
From the background and world economic development trends, regional economic integration is already a global trend, the world's major regional groups in advance or deepen the integration process. States increasingly close economic relations between the countries economy to break the administrative divisions to complement each other, the joint cooperation and achieve common development goals. Regional economic integration is an irreversible trend and trends. In the future, for a long period of time, regional economic integration will continue to flourish. However, as the most potential in Northeast Asia region is lagging behind not only in economically developed areas in Europe and America, also lags behind neighbors in Southeast Asia. China and South Korea are the fastest growing economic and trade relations between the countries, there is a big trade complementarity, through establishment of a free trade zone, the elimination of trade barriers, to play the three countries, comparative advantage and competitive advantage, so that the economic gain Better development, but also to promote the regional economic cooperation.
International trade, maritime transport is the main mode of transport in, the total volume of international trade now accounts for about 2 / 3. Bilateral trade between China and South Korea are basically realized by maritime transport. Therefore, to increase trade between China and South Korea to improve bilateral trade and deepen cooperation between the two countries the importance of the port is more prominent. Now, however, between the ports of China and South Korea shows a pattern of excessive competition. This strategy of competing through the supply of low-cost competition, resulting in decreased utilization of the port, port revenue loss. And this competition also makes inefficient customs clearance, the formation of trade barriers, had a negative impact on bilateral trade. Therefore, in order to promote bilateral trade development, and promote the establishment of China—Korea FTA, we must build a network of ports of China and South Korea.
The use of fuzzy clustering analysis, building the center ports of China and South Korea - periphery model system. Give full play to the China—Korea cooperation on the port the role of regional economic integration, the rational distribution of ports, a reasonable division of labor and coordination, and optimize the port cluster system, the enhanced cooperation mechanism, building regional logistics network system to form a virtuous circle, and jointly promote regional integration Of the formation, and promote the establishment of China-Korea FTA.
海洋运输是国际贸易中最主要的运输方式,目前占国际贸易总运量中的2/3以上。中国和韩国之间的双边贸易基本上都是靠海上运输来实现的。因此要增加中韩两国间的贸易往来、提高双边贸易额,加深两国港口的合作的重要性更加突出。然而现在中韩港口之间呈现出过度竞争的格局。这种通过低价策略争夺货源的竞争,导致港口利用率下降,港口收益受到损失。而且这种激烈的竞争还会使口岸通关效率低下,形成贸易壁垒,对双边贸易造成了负面影响。因此,为了促进双边贸易发展,推动中韩FTA的建立,必须构建出中韩港口群网络体系。
运用聚类模糊分析,构建中韩港口群的中心-外围模型体系。充分发挥出中韩港口合作对区域经济一体化的作用,各港口进行合理布局、合理分工与统一协调,优化港口群体系,增强合作机制,构建区域物流网络体系,形成良性循环,共同促进区域一体化形成,推动中韩FTA的建立。
From the background and world economic development trends, regional economic integration is already a global trend, the world's major regional groups in advance or deepen the integration process. States increasingly close economic relations between the countries economy to break the administrative divisions to complement each other, the joint cooperation and achieve common development goals. Regional economic integration is an irreversible trend and trends. In the future, for a long period of time, regional economic integration will continue to flourish. However, as the most potential in Northeast Asia region is lagging behind not only in economically developed areas in Europe and America, also lags behind neighbors in Southeast Asia. China and South Korea are the fastest growing economic and trade relations between the countries, there is a big trade complementarity, through establishment of a free trade zone, the elimination of trade barriers, to play the three countries, comparative advantage and competitive advantage, so that the economic gain Better development, but also to promote the regional economic cooperation.
International trade, maritime transport is the main mode of transport in, the total volume of international trade now accounts for about 2 / 3. Bilateral trade between China and South Korea are basically realized by maritime transport. Therefore, to increase trade between China and South Korea to improve bilateral trade and deepen cooperation between the two countries the importance of the port is more prominent. Now, however, between the ports of China and South Korea shows a pattern of excessive competition. This strategy of competing through the supply of low-cost competition, resulting in decreased utilization of the port, port revenue loss. And this competition also makes inefficient customs clearance, the formation of trade barriers, had a negative impact on bilateral trade. Therefore, in order to promote bilateral trade development, and promote the establishment of China—Korea FTA, we must build a network of ports of China and South Korea.
The use of fuzzy clustering analysis, building the center ports of China and South Korea - periphery model system. Give full play to the China—Korea cooperation on the port the role of regional economic integration, the rational distribution of ports, a reasonable division of labor and coordination, and optimize the port cluster system, the enhanced cooperation mechanism, building regional logistics network system to form a virtuous circle, and jointly promote regional integration Of the formation, and promote the establishment of China-Korea FTA.
引文
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[4] BarkeM.TransportandTrade[M].Oliver&Boyd,Edinburgh,1986.
[5]姜文学,梁春媚.经济互补性、竞争性与中、日、韩FTA对象选择.财经问题研究,2005,1(1):50~53
[6]郑雨澄.浅谈中韩自由贸易协定之实施基础.徐州工程学院学报(社会科学版),2009,24(6):16~20
[7]董跃.中韩日FTA的发展趋势与我国的对策.全国商情(经济理论研究),2006,(8):105~107
[8]李露.基于随机趋同理论下对中日韩组建FTA的实证研究.金卡工程(经济与法),2009,(11):240~241
[9]魏巍.基于引力模型的中韩FTA贸易扩大效应研究.商业研究,2009,(12):209~211
[10]包艳,崔日明.中韩自由贸易区:机遇、问题及前景.国际经济合作,2009,(1):54~59
[11]宋群,陈长缨.中日韩建立自由贸易区将带来什么.商业文化,2004,(3):52~55
[12]张蕴岭.东北亚区域经济合作.北京:世界知识出版社,2004
[13]徐长文.中韩经贸发展将再上新台阶.和平与发展,2005,(2):49~51
[14]周茂清.浅谈中韩经贸合作.当代亚太,2000,(11):40~44
[15] [韩]安忠荣.现代东亚经济论.北京:北京大学出版社,2001
[16]李靖宇,尚立惠.关于中韩两国经贸合作战略升级问题的现实论证.国际论坛,2004,6(3):36~40
[17]杨惠昶.国际经济学.长春:吉林大学出版社,2000
[18]廉晓梅.中韩贸易关系的发展与存在的问题.东北亚论坛,2004,13(6):48~52
[19] [韩]南英淑等.中韩自由贸易区的经济效果与争论焦点.首尔:韩国对外经济政策研究院,2004
[20]卢海涛.构建中韩自由贸易区,促进东亚经济一体化发展.经济研究导刊,2007,(11):177~178
[21] Chang-Soo Lee. The Linkage between FDI and Trade (Focusing on Korea’s FDI into China and Japan’s FDI into Korea). Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2002, 12
[22]王素芹.中韩贸易发展的主要障碍和合作途径.世界经济研究,2003,(6):84~88
[23]廖小健,廖新年.韩国的FTA战略.外交评论,2005,(10):79~85
[24]陈德民.建立中韩自由贸易区,推动东亚经济一体化发展.当代韩国,2005,14(1):13~17
[25] Lewis,Jeffrey. Beyond the Uruguay Round: The Implication of an Asian Free Trade Area. China Economic Review, 1995, 6(1)
[26]梁峰.东北亚区域经济发展与合作.北京:中国财经出版社,2007
[27] Hayuth Y. Rationalization and deconcentration of the U.S. container port system [J]. The professional geography,1988, 40 (3): 279- 288.
[28] Hoyle B, charlier J. Inter- port competition in developing countries: an East African case Study [J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1995, (13): 87- 103.
[29] James J Wang , Brian Slack. The evolution of a regional container port systemthe Pearl River Delta [J].Journal of Transport Geography,2000, (8): 263- 275
[30]王海平,白雪洁.中国港口结构调整的再思考.港口经济,2001,(5):34~36
[31]曹有挥.长江沿岸港口体系空间结构研究.地理学报,1999,54(3):233~238
[32]高爱颖,刘凯,傅玲.基于港口空间结构的港市物流发展战略研究.物流技术,2006,(2):4~7
[33]刘永泉.FTA迅速发展原因研究—兼论我国FTA战略选择:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2006.
[34]张小济.区域经济一体化的核心—中日韩之间贸易和投资关系.国际贸易,2003,(1):4~8
[35]陈航.论海港地域组合的形成机制与发展过程.地理学报,1998,5(ll):501~507
[36]曹有挥.安徽省长江沿岸港口体系的初步研究.地理科学,1995,15(2):154~162
[37]曹卫东,曹有挥,李海建.港口体系区域基础的综合评价研究——以长江下游干流沿岸港口体系为例.安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(2):195~199
[38]王金虹.辽宁港口体系建设在东北区域经济开发中的作用.辽宁师专学报(社会科学版),2002(2):136~138
[39]周茂清.浅谈中韩经贸合作.当代亚太,2000,(11):40~44
[40]孙晓郁.中日韩经济合作的新起点.北京商务印书馆,2000
[41]徐剑华.东北亚港口的竞争格局.中国港口,2001,(7):47~48
[42]徐德荣,向冬梅.论中韩建立面向21世纪的合作伙伴关系的背景.世界经济与政治论坛,1999,(2):43~46
[43]石友服.东南亚的集装箱大港布局将要发生变化.中国港口,2001,(11):37~39
[44]李幼萌.东北亚地区中国大陆与周边集装箱港口态势.集装箱化,2002,(5):21~23
[45]骆义,王显锋,郑海燕.东北亚经济一体化和港口间的合作与发展.大连海事大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(1):62~65
[46]谢燮,高惠君,骆义.东北亚区域经济和港口格局演变及启示.中国水运,2006,(3):28~29
[47]李金波,浅析全球FTA热的成因及特征.黑龙江省社会主义学院学报,2004,(3):41~44
[48]张帆,论构建中国的FTA战略.开放导报,2004,(6):74~77
[2] Rimmer P J. The changing status of New Zealand seaports,1853- 1960[J].Annals of the Association of America Geographers.1967, 57:42- 54.
[3] Slack B. Intermodal transportation in North America and development of Inland load center [J]. The professional geographer.1990,42 (1):72- 83.
[4] BarkeM.TransportandTrade[M].Oliver&Boyd,Edinburgh,1986.
[5]姜文学,梁春媚.经济互补性、竞争性与中、日、韩FTA对象选择.财经问题研究,2005,1(1):50~53
[6]郑雨澄.浅谈中韩自由贸易协定之实施基础.徐州工程学院学报(社会科学版),2009,24(6):16~20
[7]董跃.中韩日FTA的发展趋势与我国的对策.全国商情(经济理论研究),2006,(8):105~107
[8]李露.基于随机趋同理论下对中日韩组建FTA的实证研究.金卡工程(经济与法),2009,(11):240~241
[9]魏巍.基于引力模型的中韩FTA贸易扩大效应研究.商业研究,2009,(12):209~211
[10]包艳,崔日明.中韩自由贸易区:机遇、问题及前景.国际经济合作,2009,(1):54~59
[11]宋群,陈长缨.中日韩建立自由贸易区将带来什么.商业文化,2004,(3):52~55
[12]张蕴岭.东北亚区域经济合作.北京:世界知识出版社,2004
[13]徐长文.中韩经贸发展将再上新台阶.和平与发展,2005,(2):49~51
[14]周茂清.浅谈中韩经贸合作.当代亚太,2000,(11):40~44
[15] [韩]安忠荣.现代东亚经济论.北京:北京大学出版社,2001
[16]李靖宇,尚立惠.关于中韩两国经贸合作战略升级问题的现实论证.国际论坛,2004,6(3):36~40
[17]杨惠昶.国际经济学.长春:吉林大学出版社,2000
[18]廉晓梅.中韩贸易关系的发展与存在的问题.东北亚论坛,2004,13(6):48~52
[19] [韩]南英淑等.中韩自由贸易区的经济效果与争论焦点.首尔:韩国对外经济政策研究院,2004
[20]卢海涛.构建中韩自由贸易区,促进东亚经济一体化发展.经济研究导刊,2007,(11):177~178
[21] Chang-Soo Lee. The Linkage between FDI and Trade (Focusing on Korea’s FDI into China and Japan’s FDI into Korea). Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2002, 12
[22]王素芹.中韩贸易发展的主要障碍和合作途径.世界经济研究,2003,(6):84~88
[23]廖小健,廖新年.韩国的FTA战略.外交评论,2005,(10):79~85
[24]陈德民.建立中韩自由贸易区,推动东亚经济一体化发展.当代韩国,2005,14(1):13~17
[25] Lewis,Jeffrey. Beyond the Uruguay Round: The Implication of an Asian Free Trade Area. China Economic Review, 1995, 6(1)
[26]梁峰.东北亚区域经济发展与合作.北京:中国财经出版社,2007
[27] Hayuth Y. Rationalization and deconcentration of the U.S. container port system [J]. The professional geography,1988, 40 (3): 279- 288.
[28] Hoyle B, charlier J. Inter- port competition in developing countries: an East African case Study [J]. Journal of Transport Geography,1995, (13): 87- 103.
[29] James J Wang , Brian Slack. The evolution of a regional container port systemthe Pearl River Delta [J].Journal of Transport Geography,2000, (8): 263- 275
[30]王海平,白雪洁.中国港口结构调整的再思考.港口经济,2001,(5):34~36
[31]曹有挥.长江沿岸港口体系空间结构研究.地理学报,1999,54(3):233~238
[32]高爱颖,刘凯,傅玲.基于港口空间结构的港市物流发展战略研究.物流技术,2006,(2):4~7
[33]刘永泉.FTA迅速发展原因研究—兼论我国FTA战略选择:[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2006.
[34]张小济.区域经济一体化的核心—中日韩之间贸易和投资关系.国际贸易,2003,(1):4~8
[35]陈航.论海港地域组合的形成机制与发展过程.地理学报,1998,5(ll):501~507
[36]曹有挥.安徽省长江沿岸港口体系的初步研究.地理科学,1995,15(2):154~162
[37]曹卫东,曹有挥,李海建.港口体系区域基础的综合评价研究——以长江下游干流沿岸港口体系为例.安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(2):195~199
[38]王金虹.辽宁港口体系建设在东北区域经济开发中的作用.辽宁师专学报(社会科学版),2002(2):136~138
[39]周茂清.浅谈中韩经贸合作.当代亚太,2000,(11):40~44
[40]孙晓郁.中日韩经济合作的新起点.北京商务印书馆,2000
[41]徐剑华.东北亚港口的竞争格局.中国港口,2001,(7):47~48
[42]徐德荣,向冬梅.论中韩建立面向21世纪的合作伙伴关系的背景.世界经济与政治论坛,1999,(2):43~46
[43]石友服.东南亚的集装箱大港布局将要发生变化.中国港口,2001,(11):37~39
[44]李幼萌.东北亚地区中国大陆与周边集装箱港口态势.集装箱化,2002,(5):21~23
[45]骆义,王显锋,郑海燕.东北亚经济一体化和港口间的合作与发展.大连海事大学学报(社会科学版),2003,2(1):62~65
[46]谢燮,高惠君,骆义.东北亚区域经济和港口格局演变及启示.中国水运,2006,(3):28~29
[47]李金波,浅析全球FTA热的成因及特征.黑龙江省社会主义学院学报,2004,(3):41~44
[48]张帆,论构建中国的FTA战略.开放导报,2004,(6):74~77
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