某边防部队官兵心理健康状况与影响因素分析
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摘要
心理健康(mental health),指以积极有益的教育和措施,维护和改进人们的心理状态以适应当前和发展的社会环境。军人作为特殊群体,由于其心理问题的广泛存在及其造成的严重危害越来越多,因此受到人们广泛的关注,有关军人心理健康问题的研究也逐渐被人们所重视。美国的一项研究指出:心理障碍是导致男性军人过早退役的首要原因,是女性军人退役的第二位原因。有学者对近十年来我国军人心理健康研究的现状进行了回顾性研究,发现我国军人的心理健康水平偏低。影响军人心理健康的因素很多,如年龄、军龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况等。边防部队(frontier guards)是我国部署在沿边沿海地区、出入境口岸和领海的一支重要武装执法力量,驻地多偏远,交通不便,信息闭塞,文化娱乐生活单调,与外界沟通交流少,加上巡逻执勤任务重复枯燥,警戒性高,官兵的心身健康易受不利环境的影响。但是国内研究边防军人心理健康的文献极少。
目的
本研究针对某公安边防部队官兵的心理健康状况及影响因素展开测评,调查官兵心理素质以及社会和家庭关系状况,期望提出提高公安边防部队官兵心理健康状况的有效途径,搞好心理教育和疏导工作,有效地解决官兵的心理问题,使官兵学会自我调节、缓解心理压力,最大限度地减少因心理问题引发的案件事故,以促进边防工作和部队建设的可持续发展。
方法
采用应对方式问卷、边防官兵适应问卷、心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)、人格障碍问卷。对某边防部队2010-2011年在编官兵进行测试,回收问卷1601份,用光标阅读机读入数据以后,运用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料用M(QL,QU)表示集中趋势,计数资料用构成比表示,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,应用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。
结果
1.应对方式情况:应对方式有效问卷1279人,其中有276(21.6%)人属于积极型,消极型24(1.9%)人,混合型最多898(70.2%)人,平庸型81人(6.3%),应对方式排序是混合型>积极型>平庸型>消极型。
2.部队适应能力情况:测试有效的是1534人,适应良好的官兵1445(94.2%)人,13名(0.8%)官兵适应困难,76(5.0%)名官兵有轻度适应不良。
3.心理症状自评结果:1601名边防官兵中有11名官兵心理健康状况较差,有117名官兵处于亚健康状态,心理不健康的检出率占8%。
4.人格障碍测评结果:人格障碍共有十个类型,有一种类型人格障碍的官兵有88人,占5.5%,两种的有22人,占1.4%,3~4种的有16人,占1.0%,有4人出现5种以上类型的人格障碍,占0.2%。
5.年龄(21~25岁)与年龄(16~20)岁比心理症状自评结果较差,警衔是士官和尉官与警衔是义务兵相比心理症状自评结果较好,单位类别是公安检查站与大队相比心理症状自评结果较好,消极型应对方式与积极型应对方式相比心理症状自评结果较差,部队适应能力较差的官兵与适应良好的官兵相比心理症状自评结果较差。
结论
1.边防军人应对方式以混合型和积极型为主。
2.部队适应能力良好的边防官兵占94.2%,适应能力不良的为5.8%。
3.人格障碍测评健康的边防官兵91.9%,有8.1%的边防官兵存在人格障碍,其中以一种类型人格障碍居多。
4.心理症状自评测试结果健康的边防官兵占92.0%,有8.0%的边防官兵心理健康状况不良,年龄在21~25岁、部队适应能力不良和消极型应对方式是危险因素,警衔为士官和尉官、单位类别是公安检查站是保护因素。
Mental health (mental health), is to maintain and improve people's mental state by the positive and useful education and measures in order to meet the current social environment and development. Soldiers as a special groups, the through psychological problems and serious harm of them attracts more and more people’s attention. The study of soldier’s health problems has gradually been paying attention too. A study of U.S.A study indicated that psychological barriers is the primary reason causing premature retirement of the military men, and it is the second reason for female soldiers’retirement. Some scholars conducted a retrospective study of the past decade China's military status of mental health research, they found that the mental health of our troops is low. There are a lot of factors affect the soldiers’mental health, such as age, military service, ethnicity, education level, marital status. Border (frontier guards) are major enforcement force that deployed in the border of China's coastal areas, entry and exit ports and territorial waters, they resident remote and inaccessible areas, lack of information and communication with the outside world, cultural and recreational life is monotonous, and the boring duty, high alert, the mental health of the soldier will effect by the adverse. But there was few domestic research literature of the border guards.
Objective
The study conducts a text about the mental health and the evaluation factors of soldiers in order to investigat officers and soldiers as well as social and psychological situation of family relationships, expectations proposed to increase the mental health of the public security border defense officers and soldiers an effective way to improve psychological education and counseling service to effectively address the psychological problems of men, so that officers learn self-regulation to ease the psychological pressure to minimize the cases due to psychological problems caused by the accident, in order to promote the construction of border work and the forces of sustainable development.
Methods
Test the questionnaire used coping questionnaire, border officers and men to adapt to the questionnaire, psychological symptom checklist (SCL-90), personality disorder questionnaire. Of a border officers in preparing the 2010-2011 test, were 1601 valid questionnaires, with the cursor after the reader reads the data, using SPSS13.0 statistical software for data collation and analysis of measurement data with M (QL,QU) that the central tendency, count data used in forming the ratio (%) that the use ofχ2 test for univariate analysis, the use of multi-factor non-conditional Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis.
Results
1.Way to deal with the situation: The test is an effective way to deal with 1279 people, of which 276 are positive type, accounting for 21.6% of the effective number of the negative type is only 24, accounting for 1.9% of the number of effective, mixed up, 898 people, mediocre type 81, is a mixed response sort of way> active-type> mediocre type> negative type.
2.Ability to adapt to the situation forces: The test is 1534 were effective, well-adapted 1445 officers and men, accounting for 94.2% of the effective number of 13 officers and men to adapt to difficult, 76 men with mild maladjustment.
3.Psychological symptoms self-assessment results: 1601 border officers, 11 officers and men of poor mental health, there are 117 officers and men in sub-health state. The detection rate of mental unhealthy 8%.
4.Personality disorder evaluation results: A total of ten types of personality disorder, there is a type of personality disorder, 88 officers and men, accounting for 5.5%, two of 22, accounting for 1.4%, 3 to 4 of 16 people, accounting for 1.0%, four people appeared more than five types of personality disorder, accounting for 0.2%.
5.Compared with 16 to 20 years,21 to 25 years old soldiers were more poor SCL-90 results. Compared with Compulsory, Officers and lieutenants were better SCL-90 results. Compared with Team, the unit category with the public security checkpoint were better SCL-90 results. Negative type of coping-style and positive-type response as compared to the results of psychological symptoms of poor self-assessment, military officers and men less able to adapt and meet the officers and men of good self-assessment compared with the results of psychological symptoms than difference.
Conclusions
1.Border guards were mixed and active coping style than the mediocre type of coping style and negative ratio of more than the length of military service affected the choice of type of coping style.
2.5.8% of the border officers had poor ability to adapt to adverse forces.
3.Most border officers personality disorder exists a type of disorder.
4.8% of poor mental health status of border officers, 21~25 years old, rank lower levels, poorly ability to adapt to adverse forces, negative coping style may be the risk factors.
目的
本研究针对某公安边防部队官兵的心理健康状况及影响因素展开测评,调查官兵心理素质以及社会和家庭关系状况,期望提出提高公安边防部队官兵心理健康状况的有效途径,搞好心理教育和疏导工作,有效地解决官兵的心理问题,使官兵学会自我调节、缓解心理压力,最大限度地减少因心理问题引发的案件事故,以促进边防工作和部队建设的可持续发展。
方法
采用应对方式问卷、边防官兵适应问卷、心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)、人格障碍问卷。对某边防部队2010-2011年在编官兵进行测试,回收问卷1601份,用光标阅读机读入数据以后,运用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计量资料用M(QL,QU)表示集中趋势,计数资料用构成比表示,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,应用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。
结果
1.应对方式情况:应对方式有效问卷1279人,其中有276(21.6%)人属于积极型,消极型24(1.9%)人,混合型最多898(70.2%)人,平庸型81人(6.3%),应对方式排序是混合型>积极型>平庸型>消极型。
2.部队适应能力情况:测试有效的是1534人,适应良好的官兵1445(94.2%)人,13名(0.8%)官兵适应困难,76(5.0%)名官兵有轻度适应不良。
3.心理症状自评结果:1601名边防官兵中有11名官兵心理健康状况较差,有117名官兵处于亚健康状态,心理不健康的检出率占8%。
4.人格障碍测评结果:人格障碍共有十个类型,有一种类型人格障碍的官兵有88人,占5.5%,两种的有22人,占1.4%,3~4种的有16人,占1.0%,有4人出现5种以上类型的人格障碍,占0.2%。
5.年龄(21~25岁)与年龄(16~20)岁比心理症状自评结果较差,警衔是士官和尉官与警衔是义务兵相比心理症状自评结果较好,单位类别是公安检查站与大队相比心理症状自评结果较好,消极型应对方式与积极型应对方式相比心理症状自评结果较差,部队适应能力较差的官兵与适应良好的官兵相比心理症状自评结果较差。
结论
1.边防军人应对方式以混合型和积极型为主。
2.部队适应能力良好的边防官兵占94.2%,适应能力不良的为5.8%。
3.人格障碍测评健康的边防官兵91.9%,有8.1%的边防官兵存在人格障碍,其中以一种类型人格障碍居多。
4.心理症状自评测试结果健康的边防官兵占92.0%,有8.0%的边防官兵心理健康状况不良,年龄在21~25岁、部队适应能力不良和消极型应对方式是危险因素,警衔为士官和尉官、单位类别是公安检查站是保护因素。
Mental health (mental health), is to maintain and improve people's mental state by the positive and useful education and measures in order to meet the current social environment and development. Soldiers as a special groups, the through psychological problems and serious harm of them attracts more and more people’s attention. The study of soldier’s health problems has gradually been paying attention too. A study of U.S.A study indicated that psychological barriers is the primary reason causing premature retirement of the military men, and it is the second reason for female soldiers’retirement. Some scholars conducted a retrospective study of the past decade China's military status of mental health research, they found that the mental health of our troops is low. There are a lot of factors affect the soldiers’mental health, such as age, military service, ethnicity, education level, marital status. Border (frontier guards) are major enforcement force that deployed in the border of China's coastal areas, entry and exit ports and territorial waters, they resident remote and inaccessible areas, lack of information and communication with the outside world, cultural and recreational life is monotonous, and the boring duty, high alert, the mental health of the soldier will effect by the adverse. But there was few domestic research literature of the border guards.
Objective
The study conducts a text about the mental health and the evaluation factors of soldiers in order to investigat officers and soldiers as well as social and psychological situation of family relationships, expectations proposed to increase the mental health of the public security border defense officers and soldiers an effective way to improve psychological education and counseling service to effectively address the psychological problems of men, so that officers learn self-regulation to ease the psychological pressure to minimize the cases due to psychological problems caused by the accident, in order to promote the construction of border work and the forces of sustainable development.
Methods
Test the questionnaire used coping questionnaire, border officers and men to adapt to the questionnaire, psychological symptom checklist (SCL-90), personality disorder questionnaire. Of a border officers in preparing the 2010-2011 test, were 1601 valid questionnaires, with the cursor after the reader reads the data, using SPSS13.0 statistical software for data collation and analysis of measurement data with M (QL,QU) that the central tendency, count data used in forming the ratio (%) that the use ofχ2 test for univariate analysis, the use of multi-factor non-conditional Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis.
Results
1.Way to deal with the situation: The test is an effective way to deal with 1279 people, of which 276 are positive type, accounting for 21.6% of the effective number of the negative type is only 24, accounting for 1.9% of the number of effective, mixed up, 898 people, mediocre type 81, is a mixed response sort of way> active-type> mediocre type> negative type.
2.Ability to adapt to the situation forces: The test is 1534 were effective, well-adapted 1445 officers and men, accounting for 94.2% of the effective number of 13 officers and men to adapt to difficult, 76 men with mild maladjustment.
3.Psychological symptoms self-assessment results: 1601 border officers, 11 officers and men of poor mental health, there are 117 officers and men in sub-health state. The detection rate of mental unhealthy 8%.
4.Personality disorder evaluation results: A total of ten types of personality disorder, there is a type of personality disorder, 88 officers and men, accounting for 5.5%, two of 22, accounting for 1.4%, 3 to 4 of 16 people, accounting for 1.0%, four people appeared more than five types of personality disorder, accounting for 0.2%.
5.Compared with 16 to 20 years,21 to 25 years old soldiers were more poor SCL-90 results. Compared with Compulsory, Officers and lieutenants were better SCL-90 results. Compared with Team, the unit category with the public security checkpoint were better SCL-90 results. Negative type of coping-style and positive-type response as compared to the results of psychological symptoms of poor self-assessment, military officers and men less able to adapt and meet the officers and men of good self-assessment compared with the results of psychological symptoms than difference.
Conclusions
1.Border guards were mixed and active coping style than the mediocre type of coping style and negative ratio of more than the length of military service affected the choice of type of coping style.
2.5.8% of the border officers had poor ability to adapt to adverse forces.
3.Most border officers personality disorder exists a type of disorder.
4.8% of poor mental health status of border officers, 21~25 years old, rank lower levels, poorly ability to adapt to adverse forces, negative coping style may be the risk factors.
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