重叠地铁区间隧道TBM施工的数值模拟
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摘要
随着地铁工程在我国各大个城市的修建,在城市的繁华地区或一些特定地段,由于受城市建筑物的限制和地下空间的综合开发、利用的需要,越来越多的近距离交叠隧道将会出现。由于重叠隧道TBM近距离施工的影响是个非常复杂的问题,不仅仅影响的因素很多,并且各个因素之间又存着在十分复杂的互相制约的行为,且城市地铁的开挖大部分都采用了盾构或TBM开挖方式,所以研究重叠地铁TBM近距离施工具有普遍的指导意义。
本文选取了重庆地铁六号线TBM试验段中的重叠近距离风险断面,采用了实际工程勘察设计的参数,通过隧道与岩土工程的专用软件Midas/GTS进行了TBM施工过程的数值模拟,主要研究了如下的几个问题：
(1)总结了国内外对于重叠隧道近距离施工的研究现状和具体的工程实例,重点阐述了隧道施工的基本原理以及数值模拟的理论,也论述了双洞近距离隧道的几种方式及其力学特征。
(2)根据勘察设计所提供的参数,选取隧道重叠最近距离时的施工断面建立了三维的有限元模型。运用Midas/GTS软件分别模拟了“先开挖上隧道”方案和“先开挖下隧道”方案的TBM施工的过程,分析了隧道施工对地表沉降的影响以及隧道围岩的应力和位移的变化规律,同时分析了隧道衬砌结构的应力值和位移值的变化、最后对隧道的衬砌进行了强度检算,分析了隧道衬砌结构的安全性。
(3)通过对两种方案的对比得出结论：同时施工时先开挖下隧道,后开挖上隧道产生的影响相对较小。从地表的沉降、围岩的应力、位移变化幅度以及隧道衬砌的应力、位移变化等方面来看,“先开挖下隧道”的方案是比较合理的,且总体上检算的隧道衬砌结构安全系数较大,隧道TBM施工能够安全进行。
通过对不同施工方案下TBM施工的过程的模拟分析,得到了重叠隧道的合理施工方案,对于类似的工程具有一定的参考价值。
With the massive construction of subway in major cities, more and more closely overlapped tunnels will appear in the downtown or some specific areas due to the restrictions of urban buildings and to meet the needs of comprehensive development and utilization of the underground space. TBM adjacent construction of the overlapped subway is a very complex issue, which is influenced by many factors and these factors restrain each other. Moreover, the shield or TBM excavation was adopted in the most excavation of the subway. Therefore, the research on TBM adjacent construction of the overlapped subway is of great significance. This thesis selects Chongqing Metro TBM test section in the sixth line of the overlapping close-risk profile, using the parameters of the engineering survey and design and the tunnel and geotechnical engineering special software Midas/GTS for the TBM construction process simulation in order to analyze the following questions:
(1) The thesis makes a summary of the domestic and international research status of the closely overlapped tunnel, highlights the basic principles of construction of the tunnel and the theories of numerical simulation, discusses the two-hole adjacent tunnel's several ways and their mechanical characteristics.
(2) According to the survey and design parameters provided, this thesis aims to establish a three-dimensional finite element model by selecting the construction section of the nearest overlapped tunnel. This thesis simulates the process of TBM construction in the scheme of excavate the upper tunnel firstly and the scheme of excavate the belower tunnel firstly respectively by Midas/GTS software, analyzes the influence of ground settlement of surrounding rock stress and displacement of the change rule during the tunnel construction. It also analyzes the stress value of the tunnel lining structure and the change of displacement value, calculates the tunnel lining strength and finally analyzes the security of tunnel lining structure.
(3) The conclusion can be drawn by the comparison of the two schemes:When two tunnels are excavated at the same time, it is reasonable to excavate the below tunnel first in terms of the changes of the ground's surface subsidence, the stress and displacement of surrounding rock and the stress and displacement of tunnel lining. In addition, the safety parameter of lining structure by calculating is bigger and TBM tunnel construction can be carried out safely.
This thesis gets the reasonable schemes of overlapped tunnel construction by the simulates TBM construction process under different construction schemes. Therefore, it is a certain reference value for similar projects.
本文选取了重庆地铁六号线TBM试验段中的重叠近距离风险断面,采用了实际工程勘察设计的参数,通过隧道与岩土工程的专用软件Midas/GTS进行了TBM施工过程的数值模拟,主要研究了如下的几个问题：
(1)总结了国内外对于重叠隧道近距离施工的研究现状和具体的工程实例,重点阐述了隧道施工的基本原理以及数值模拟的理论,也论述了双洞近距离隧道的几种方式及其力学特征。
(2)根据勘察设计所提供的参数,选取隧道重叠最近距离时的施工断面建立了三维的有限元模型。运用Midas/GTS软件分别模拟了“先开挖上隧道”方案和“先开挖下隧道”方案的TBM施工的过程,分析了隧道施工对地表沉降的影响以及隧道围岩的应力和位移的变化规律,同时分析了隧道衬砌结构的应力值和位移值的变化、最后对隧道的衬砌进行了强度检算,分析了隧道衬砌结构的安全性。
(3)通过对两种方案的对比得出结论：同时施工时先开挖下隧道,后开挖上隧道产生的影响相对较小。从地表的沉降、围岩的应力、位移变化幅度以及隧道衬砌的应力、位移变化等方面来看,“先开挖下隧道”的方案是比较合理的,且总体上检算的隧道衬砌结构安全系数较大,隧道TBM施工能够安全进行。
通过对不同施工方案下TBM施工的过程的模拟分析,得到了重叠隧道的合理施工方案,对于类似的工程具有一定的参考价值。
With the massive construction of subway in major cities, more and more closely overlapped tunnels will appear in the downtown or some specific areas due to the restrictions of urban buildings and to meet the needs of comprehensive development and utilization of the underground space. TBM adjacent construction of the overlapped subway is a very complex issue, which is influenced by many factors and these factors restrain each other. Moreover, the shield or TBM excavation was adopted in the most excavation of the subway. Therefore, the research on TBM adjacent construction of the overlapped subway is of great significance. This thesis selects Chongqing Metro TBM test section in the sixth line of the overlapping close-risk profile, using the parameters of the engineering survey and design and the tunnel and geotechnical engineering special software Midas/GTS for the TBM construction process simulation in order to analyze the following questions:
(1) The thesis makes a summary of the domestic and international research status of the closely overlapped tunnel, highlights the basic principles of construction of the tunnel and the theories of numerical simulation, discusses the two-hole adjacent tunnel's several ways and their mechanical characteristics.
(2) According to the survey and design parameters provided, this thesis aims to establish a three-dimensional finite element model by selecting the construction section of the nearest overlapped tunnel. This thesis simulates the process of TBM construction in the scheme of excavate the upper tunnel firstly and the scheme of excavate the belower tunnel firstly respectively by Midas/GTS software, analyzes the influence of ground settlement of surrounding rock stress and displacement of the change rule during the tunnel construction. It also analyzes the stress value of the tunnel lining structure and the change of displacement value, calculates the tunnel lining strength and finally analyzes the security of tunnel lining structure.
(3) The conclusion can be drawn by the comparison of the two schemes:When two tunnels are excavated at the same time, it is reasonable to excavate the below tunnel first in terms of the changes of the ground's surface subsidence, the stress and displacement of surrounding rock and the stress and displacement of tunnel lining. In addition, the safety parameter of lining structure by calculating is bigger and TBM tunnel construction can be carried out safely.
This thesis gets the reasonable schemes of overlapped tunnel construction by the simulates TBM construction process under different construction schemes. Therefore, it is a certain reference value for similar projects.
引文
[1]杨其新,关宝树.地下铁道话题[M].成都：两南交通大学出版社,2007.
[2]钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮[J].岩土工程学报,1998(1)：112-113.
[3]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令及参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.4
[4]孙训芳,方效书,关来泰.材料力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.2
[5]刘钊,佘才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.5
[6]陈卫军,朱忠隆.近距离交叠隧道研究现状及评析..现代隧道技术,2002,39(1)：42-46
[7]刘钊,佘才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.5
[8]王梦恕.地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论[M].安徽：安徽教育出版社,2004.6
[9]李强,曾德顺.盾构施工中垂直交叉隧道变形的三维有限元分析[J].2001,2：2(3)：334-338
[10]曾艳华,王学英,王明年.地下结构ANSYS有限元分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.10
[11]C.B.Kooi,A.Verruijt.Interaetionofeireularholesinaninfiniteelastiemedium.TunnellingandUndergroundS PaeeTeehnology.2001 (16)59-62
[12]李德武.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.1
[13]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[14]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.1
[15]徐芝纶.弹性力学问题的有限单元法[M].北京：水利出版社,1982.
[16]MIDAS-GTS在土木工程中的应用
[17]中华人民共和国铁道部编.铁路隧道设计规范[M].北京：中华人民共和国铁道部,2001.9
[18]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.10
[19]赖永彪,胡仁喜,黄书珍.ANSYS11.0土木工程有限元分析典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.10
[20]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].中国铁道出版社,1995.
[21]何川,曾东洋.盾构隧道结构设计及施工对环境的影响[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007.
[22]吴红词.近距隧道施工相互影响的ANSYS模拟：(硕士学位论文).贵州：贵州大学,2006.
[23]华学新,周文波.超大型泥水平衡盾构施工参数及地面沉降控制研究综述.交通工程科技,1999(3)：6-8
[24]王冒成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华人学出版社,1997.
[25]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.1
[26]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005.6
[27]E.Soliman. H.Duddeck and H.Ahrens:Two-and Three-dimensional Analysis of Closely SPace Double Tunnels. Tunneling and Underground SPace Technology,1993. Vol8. Nol,13-18
[28]李志业,肖中平.地下结构设计原理与方法.成都：西南交通大学出版社,1999.8
[29]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1983.12
[30]朱合华,丁文.其地下结构施工过程的动态仿真模拟分析.岩石力学与工程学报,1999.10
[31]Xie Dingyi, Xu Miao and Liu Fengyin, Affection of stress condition to the suction characteristics of unsaturated losses soil PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNSATURATED SOILS. VOLUME 1. August 1998.
[32]Chen 7henghan,7_hou Haiqi, A non-linear model for unsaturated soils,PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNA"I'IONAI. CONFERENCE ON UNSATURATED SOILS, VOLUME August 1998.
[33]P.B.At.tewell Soil Movements InducedTunnelling and their Effects onpipelines and structures,London,1984.
[34]Transit Development Corp Subway Enviroment Design Handbook Vol.1,Principle and Applications, Second Edition,1976.
[35]Zhang Mi & Pan Jieliang:An Expert system of Predicting and Preventing Surface settlement Caused by shield driven Tunnelling in city, Proceedings of the international conference, R9 expert systems in Engineering Applications,Huazhong university science and Technology press,1989.
[36]阳军生,刘宝.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[37]Chungsik Yoo, Finite-element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics,2002 29:73-94
[38]丁春林,肖广智.盾构施工引起隧道围岩和地面路基变形的预测分析.地下空间,2002.22(1)：16-20
[39]刘洪洲,孙钧.土压平衡盾构与地层沉降的根源及其影响因素分析.岩土工程,2002,14(2)：45-50
[40]In-Mo, Leea, Dong-Hyun Kim, Parameter Estimation Using Extended BayesianMethod in Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics,1999,24:109-124
[41]Mama Dolezalova, Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation, Computers and Geotechnics,2001, 28:469-493
[42]李同.盾构施工地层变形的二维数值模拟及实验研究：(硕士学位论文).天津：天津大学,2004.
[43]南康.双孔平行隧道施工地表位移及变形研究：(硕士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2008.
[44]黄克戬.地下洞室群开挖数值仿真研究与工程应用：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉大学,2004.5
[45]张建强.特大断面超浅埋立体换乘车站交义段暗挖施工技术研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：北京交通大学,2010.7
[46]杜菊红.小间距隧道动态施工力学研究：(博士学位论文).上海：同济大学,2008.3
[47]郑余朝.三孔并行盾构隧道近接施工的影响度研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,2006.12
[48]苏华友.双护盾TBM开挖深埋隧洞围岩稳定性研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,2009.5
[49]王霆.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工对邻近管线的影响与控制：(博士学位论文).北京：北京交通大学,2008.7
[2]钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮[J].岩土工程学报,1998(1)：112-113.
[3]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令及参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.4
[4]孙训芳,方效书,关来泰.材料力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.2
[5]刘钊,佘才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.5
[6]陈卫军,朱忠隆.近距离交叠隧道研究现状及评析..现代隧道技术,2002,39(1)：42-46
[7]刘钊,佘才高,周振强.地铁工程设计与施工[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004.5
[8]王梦恕.地下工程浅埋暗挖技术通论[M].安徽：安徽教育出版社,2004.6
[9]李强,曾德顺.盾构施工中垂直交叉隧道变形的三维有限元分析[J].2001,2：2(3)：334-338
[10]曾艳华,王学英,王明年.地下结构ANSYS有限元分析[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.10
[11]C.B.Kooi,A.Verruijt.Interaetionofeireularholesinaninfiniteelastiemedium.TunnellingandUndergroundS PaeeTeehnology.2001 (16)59-62
[12]李德武.隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2004.1
[13]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,1993.
[14]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.1
[15]徐芝纶.弹性力学问题的有限单元法[M].北京：水利出版社,1982.
[16]MIDAS-GTS在土木工程中的应用
[17]中华人民共和国铁道部编.铁路隧道设计规范[M].北京：中华人民共和国铁道部,2001.9
[18]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.10
[19]赖永彪,胡仁喜,黄书珍.ANSYS11.0土木工程有限元分析典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.10
[20]潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].中国铁道出版社,1995.
[21]何川,曾东洋.盾构隧道结构设计及施工对环境的影响[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2007.
[22]吴红词.近距隧道施工相互影响的ANSYS模拟：(硕士学位论文).贵州：贵州大学,2006.
[23]华学新,周文波.超大型泥水平衡盾构施工参数及地面沉降控制研究综述.交通工程科技,1999(3)：6-8
[24]王冒成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京：清华人学出版社,1997.
[25]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.1
[26]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005.6
[27]E.Soliman. H.Duddeck and H.Ahrens:Two-and Three-dimensional Analysis of Closely SPace Double Tunnels. Tunneling and Underground SPace Technology,1993. Vol8. Nol,13-18
[28]李志业,肖中平.地下结构设计原理与方法.成都：西南交通大学出版社,1999.8
[29]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1983.12
[30]朱合华,丁文.其地下结构施工过程的动态仿真模拟分析.岩石力学与工程学报,1999.10
[31]Xie Dingyi, Xu Miao and Liu Fengyin, Affection of stress condition to the suction characteristics of unsaturated losses soil PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UNSATURATED SOILS. VOLUME 1. August 1998.
[32]Chen 7henghan,7_hou Haiqi, A non-linear model for unsaturated soils,PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNA"I'IONAI. CONFERENCE ON UNSATURATED SOILS, VOLUME August 1998.
[33]P.B.At.tewell Soil Movements InducedTunnelling and their Effects onpipelines and structures,London,1984.
[34]Transit Development Corp Subway Enviroment Design Handbook Vol.1,Principle and Applications, Second Edition,1976.
[35]Zhang Mi & Pan Jieliang:An Expert system of Predicting and Preventing Surface settlement Caused by shield driven Tunnelling in city, Proceedings of the international conference, R9 expert systems in Engineering Applications,Huazhong university science and Technology press,1989.
[36]阳军生,刘宝.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[37]Chungsik Yoo, Finite-element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics,2002 29:73-94
[38]丁春林,肖广智.盾构施工引起隧道围岩和地面路基变形的预测分析.地下空间,2002.22(1)：16-20
[39]刘洪洲,孙钧.土压平衡盾构与地层沉降的根源及其影响因素分析.岩土工程,2002,14(2)：45-50
[40]In-Mo, Leea, Dong-Hyun Kim, Parameter Estimation Using Extended BayesianMethod in Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics,1999,24:109-124
[41]Mama Dolezalova, Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation, Computers and Geotechnics,2001, 28:469-493
[42]李同.盾构施工地层变形的二维数值模拟及实验研究：(硕士学位论文).天津：天津大学,2004.
[43]南康.双孔平行隧道施工地表位移及变形研究：(硕士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2008.
[44]黄克戬.地下洞室群开挖数值仿真研究与工程应用：(硕士学位论文).武汉：武汉大学,2004.5
[45]张建强.特大断面超浅埋立体换乘车站交义段暗挖施工技术研究：(硕士学位论文).北京：北京交通大学,2010.7
[46]杜菊红.小间距隧道动态施工力学研究：(博士学位论文).上海：同济大学,2008.3
[47]郑余朝.三孔并行盾构隧道近接施工的影响度研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,2006.12
[48]苏华友.双护盾TBM开挖深埋隧洞围岩稳定性研究：(博士学位论文).成都：西南交通大学,2009.5
[49]王霆.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工对邻近管线的影响与控制：(博士学位论文).北京：北京交通大学,2008.7
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