墨脱县生态环境可持续发展战略研究
摘要
2008年11月,党中央、国务院站在全面推进西藏社会经济发展的高度,批准了波密至墨脱公路建设工程项目,随着公路的开通,将会对西藏墨脱带来社会经济的全面发展,但是,也为西藏墨脱的生态环境保护带来新的机遇和巨大挑战,如何在社会经济发展的同时,确保我国仅存最原始、最丰富的优质生态环境,把经济发展建立在环境友好基础之上,做到区域的可持续发展,是西藏墨脱当前面临的最大问题。论文采取定性分析与定量分析的方法,对西藏墨脱地区生态环境建设可持续发展问题进行了系统研究,论文选题具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
论文共分五个部分,论文在借鉴国内外已有研究成果的基础上,分析了西藏墨脱县生态环境发展现状与问题,运用SWOT方法分析表明,墨脱县生态环境建设的优势和劣势共存,机遇和威胁同在。西藏墨脱地区生态环境建设应当坚持发展型的战略,紧紧抓住西藏生态安全屏障及中央第五次西藏工作座谈会等历史机遇,变劣势为优势,变威胁为机遇,大力进行生态环境建设,合理规划。论文最后指出了实现生态环境可持续发展的政策措施：一是高标准修路,减少“建设性”破坏；二是进一步退耕还林；三是生态环境保护要以保护森林为核心；四是种植经济林木,实行建设性开发；五是开展生态风光和人文旅游。通过研究得出如下结论：墨脱县经济发展不能只是眼前的、短期的,而是长远的、子孙后代的事情。因此,不能用牺牲生态环境来换取经济发展的短期效应。对墨脱县来说,生态环境保护是第一位的,它是人们生存的基础,只有保持住生态环境的平衡状态,才能保持长远的发展,这是关系民族的生存和发展的大事。
November 2008, the State Council, the socio-economic development point of pushing forward the height of Tibet, Bomi to Medog approved road construction projects, with the opening of the road, will bring comprehensive social and economic Tibet Medog development, but also the ecological environment in Tibet Medog new opportunities and enormous challenges, how the socio-economic development, ensuring our country's only the most primitive, the most abundant high-quality environment, the economic development on the environment based on friendship, so that regional sustainable development in Tibet Medog the biggest problem currently facing. Papers to qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis method, in Motuo sustainable development of ecological environment has been systematically studied, important topics of theoretical and practical value. Paper will focus on how social and economic development, to ensure that our remaining the most primitive, the most abundant high-quality environment, the economic development on environment-friendly basis, to do some regional sustainable development proposals and feasibility measures.
Thesis is divided into five parts, Paper the research results from home and abroad, based on analysis of the ecological environment in Tibet Medog County Status and issues, using SWOT analysis showed, the ecological environment Medog County, the advantages and disadvantages of co-exist with the opportunities and threats. Ecological environment in Tibet Mutuo, the development should adhere to the strategy type, firmly grasp the ecological safety barriers and Tibet, the central forum of the fifth time in Tibet and other historic opportunity to change the inferior position to advantage, for the opportunity to become a threat, and vigorously promote the ecological environment, rational planning. Finally, the paper points out the ecological environment to achieve sustainable development policies and measures:First, high standards of road construction, and reduce the "constructive" destruction; two further Forest; Third, the protection of forest ecological and environmental protection to the core; Fourth planting economic trees, the implementation of constructive development; 5 is in ecological scenery and cultural tourism. Through the research the following conclusions:Medog County Economic Development can not only immediate and short-term, but long term, future generations of matter. Therefore, the cost of the environment can not be used for short-term effects of economic development. On Medog County, the ecological and environmental protection is the first, it is the basis for people to survive, only hold the balance of ecological environment in order to maintain the long-term development, which is the nation's survival and development event.
论文共分五个部分,论文在借鉴国内外已有研究成果的基础上,分析了西藏墨脱县生态环境发展现状与问题,运用SWOT方法分析表明,墨脱县生态环境建设的优势和劣势共存,机遇和威胁同在。西藏墨脱地区生态环境建设应当坚持发展型的战略,紧紧抓住西藏生态安全屏障及中央第五次西藏工作座谈会等历史机遇,变劣势为优势,变威胁为机遇,大力进行生态环境建设,合理规划。论文最后指出了实现生态环境可持续发展的政策措施：一是高标准修路,减少“建设性”破坏；二是进一步退耕还林；三是生态环境保护要以保护森林为核心；四是种植经济林木,实行建设性开发；五是开展生态风光和人文旅游。通过研究得出如下结论：墨脱县经济发展不能只是眼前的、短期的,而是长远的、子孙后代的事情。因此,不能用牺牲生态环境来换取经济发展的短期效应。对墨脱县来说,生态环境保护是第一位的,它是人们生存的基础,只有保持住生态环境的平衡状态,才能保持长远的发展,这是关系民族的生存和发展的大事。
November 2008, the State Council, the socio-economic development point of pushing forward the height of Tibet, Bomi to Medog approved road construction projects, with the opening of the road, will bring comprehensive social and economic Tibet Medog development, but also the ecological environment in Tibet Medog new opportunities and enormous challenges, how the socio-economic development, ensuring our country's only the most primitive, the most abundant high-quality environment, the economic development on the environment based on friendship, so that regional sustainable development in Tibet Medog the biggest problem currently facing. Papers to qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis method, in Motuo sustainable development of ecological environment has been systematically studied, important topics of theoretical and practical value. Paper will focus on how social and economic development, to ensure that our remaining the most primitive, the most abundant high-quality environment, the economic development on environment-friendly basis, to do some regional sustainable development proposals and feasibility measures.
Thesis is divided into five parts, Paper the research results from home and abroad, based on analysis of the ecological environment in Tibet Medog County Status and issues, using SWOT analysis showed, the ecological environment Medog County, the advantages and disadvantages of co-exist with the opportunities and threats. Ecological environment in Tibet Mutuo, the development should adhere to the strategy type, firmly grasp the ecological safety barriers and Tibet, the central forum of the fifth time in Tibet and other historic opportunity to change the inferior position to advantage, for the opportunity to become a threat, and vigorously promote the ecological environment, rational planning. Finally, the paper points out the ecological environment to achieve sustainable development policies and measures:First, high standards of road construction, and reduce the "constructive" destruction; two further Forest; Third, the protection of forest ecological and environmental protection to the core; Fourth planting economic trees, the implementation of constructive development; 5 is in ecological scenery and cultural tourism. Through the research the following conclusions:Medog County Economic Development can not only immediate and short-term, but long term, future generations of matter. Therefore, the cost of the environment can not be used for short-term effects of economic development. On Medog County, the ecological and environmental protection is the first, it is the basis for people to survive, only hold the balance of ecological environment in order to maintain the long-term development, which is the nation's survival and development event.
引文
[1]刘雨林,论西藏生态、经济、社会可持续发展的关系[J].广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007,(哲学社会科学专辑)：5-7.
[2]晓勇.“十五”期间西藏用于生态环境保护与建设资金达32亿元[N].西藏日报,2009-02-02.
[3]罗伯特.弗莱明,多吉次仁,刘务林.走进西藏：生物多样性与保护事业[M].上海：上海远东出版社,2008.
[4]颜圆圆.西藏30多万农牧民从退耕还林工程中获益[Z]http://www.chinatibetnews.com/ huanbao/2008-10/24/content 166753.htm,2008-10-24.
[5]黄抗生,王飞,刘小刚,西藏：世界环境最好地区之一大气质量保持自然本底[N].人民日报(海外版),2008-07-30,(08).
[6]钟诚,何仲宜,刘淑珍.西藏生态环境稳定性评价研究[J].地理科学,2005,05(5)：573-578.
[7]胡星.中国投巨资构建西藏高原国家生态安全屏障[Z].http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/ 200902/0207 17 999270.shtml,2009-02-07.
[8]晓勇.西藏自治区环保局局长张永泽谈《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030)》.
[9]钟祥浩,刘淑珍,王小丹,朱万泽,李祥妹,杨俐.西藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]山地学报,2006,24(2)：129-136.
[10]赵曦,从盆样到小康——西藏林芝地区小康建设研究[J].经济体制改革,2005,2：124-127.
[11]方怀龙.西藏林芝地区生态旅游资源区划与评价研究[D]2005.
[12]李文毅,罗怀斌,西藏林芝的生态旅游资源及特色[J].中南林业调查规划,2005,24(1)：43-46.
[13]新浪网新闻中心.胡锦涛强调西藏稳定关系全国稳定[Z]http://news.nina.com.cn/c/ 2008-03-07/090015096420.shtml,2008-03-07.
[14]中新社中国新闻网.胡锦涛：西藏的稳定和发展直接关系中国全局[Z]. http://www.chinanews. com.cn/2001-03-05/26/75897.html,2001-03-05.
[15]西藏自治区人民政府网站,中央财政今年对西藏投资160亿创历史最高水平[Z]. http://www.xizang.gov.cn/getCommonContent.do?content Id=361391,2008-12-31.
[16]国家发改委.关于印发西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030年)的通知[Z]. http://www.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2009-03/03/content17367420.htm, 2009-03-03.
[17]赵超,李惠子,全国对口支援奏响西藏大发展的时代强音[J].中国青年报,2009-02-24.
[18]西藏自治区人民政府办公厅.西藏自治区2008年度地质灾害防治方案[Z]. http://www.chinalawedu.com/news/1200/22598/22628/23046/2008/10/1124110233314 20180025460-0.htm,2008-05-18
[19]徐济德,朗奎建.西藏林芝地区景观动态研究[J].林业资源管理,2004,6：52-57.
[20]赵建新.西藏高原林业生态环境及建设重点[J].林业建设,2005,(5)：34-36.
[21]吕植,Jenny Springer.西藏生物多样性保护与管理[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2000.
[22]朱玉坤,呢木才让,论西藏森林资源的功能定位与发展策略[Z]http://www.chinatibetnews. com/huanbao/2008-06/12/content90846.htm,2008-06-12.
[23]孙继霖,杨帆,左林,西藏林芝地区生物资源的特点及价值[J].中南林业调查规划,2003,22(1)：59-61.
[24]赵鑫钰,关于尽快开发西藏水能资源实施藏电外送的建议[J].水力发电,2007,33(5)：4-6.
[25]李金祥,马疆虎.西藏开发利用新能源：架起通向新生活的“金桥”[Z].新化网http://www.xz.xinhua.org/gdbb/2008-11/03/content 14808272.htm,2008-11-03.
[26]甲央桑旦,论西藏水能资源的开发利用[J].西藏科技,2001,(6)：17.
[27]德吉,边巴次仁.西藏将投58亿多元实施薪柴替代能源工程[Z]http://www. chinatibetnews.com/keji/2008-07/321/content 134674.htm,2008-07-31.
[28]杨松.西藏的生态环境与可持续发展战略[J].中国藏学,2004,(3)：29-39.
[28]杨开才,西藏林芝地区经济林发展对策[J].林业建设,2005,(4)：2-3.
[29]杨汝荣,西藏自治区草地生态环境安全与可持续发展问题研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(6).
[30]卫敏,次仁吉,旅游旺季对西藏林芝地区生态状况的影响及对策[J].林业调查规划,2003,28(3)：82-83.
[31]赵佩燕,王海山,斯朗巴培.西藏林芝地区旅游客源市场分析[J].四川林勘设计,2007,(4)：41-44,53.
[32]张昆林,钟蓉军,中普琼,西藏林芝地区可持续发展对策[J],林业科技,2003,28(1)：58-60.
[33]邹林红.西藏林芝地区林业可持续发展问题与对策[J].林业资源管理,2001,(5)：12-15.
[34]靳慧,刘华宾,法劝前参议员：我看到了不一样的西藏[Z]http://news.sina. com.cn/c/2008-04-18/212515385054.shtml,2008-04-18.
[35]苏迅帆,西藏林芝地区森林生态系统服务价值评估研究[D].2008.
[2]晓勇.“十五”期间西藏用于生态环境保护与建设资金达32亿元[N].西藏日报,2009-02-02.
[3]罗伯特.弗莱明,多吉次仁,刘务林.走进西藏：生物多样性与保护事业[M].上海：上海远东出版社,2008.
[4]颜圆圆.西藏30多万农牧民从退耕还林工程中获益[Z]http://www.chinatibetnews.com/ huanbao/2008-10/24/content 166753.htm,2008-10-24.
[5]黄抗生,王飞,刘小刚,西藏：世界环境最好地区之一大气质量保持自然本底[N].人民日报(海外版),2008-07-30,(08).
[6]钟诚,何仲宜,刘淑珍.西藏生态环境稳定性评价研究[J].地理科学,2005,05(5)：573-578.
[7]胡星.中国投巨资构建西藏高原国家生态安全屏障[Z].http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/ 200902/0207 17 999270.shtml,2009-02-07.
[8]晓勇.西藏自治区环保局局长张永泽谈《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030)》.
[9]钟祥浩,刘淑珍,王小丹,朱万泽,李祥妹,杨俐.西藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J]山地学报,2006,24(2)：129-136.
[10]赵曦,从盆样到小康——西藏林芝地区小康建设研究[J].经济体制改革,2005,2：124-127.
[11]方怀龙.西藏林芝地区生态旅游资源区划与评价研究[D]2005.
[12]李文毅,罗怀斌,西藏林芝的生态旅游资源及特色[J].中南林业调查规划,2005,24(1)：43-46.
[13]新浪网新闻中心.胡锦涛强调西藏稳定关系全国稳定[Z]http://news.nina.com.cn/c/ 2008-03-07/090015096420.shtml,2008-03-07.
[14]中新社中国新闻网.胡锦涛：西藏的稳定和发展直接关系中国全局[Z]. http://www.chinanews. com.cn/2001-03-05/26/75897.html,2001-03-05.
[15]西藏自治区人民政府网站,中央财政今年对西藏投资160亿创历史最高水平[Z]. http://www.xizang.gov.cn/getCommonContent.do?content Id=361391,2008-12-31.
[16]国家发改委.关于印发西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划(2008-2030年)的通知[Z]. http://www.china.com.cn/policy/txt/2009-03/03/content17367420.htm, 2009-03-03.
[17]赵超,李惠子,全国对口支援奏响西藏大发展的时代强音[J].中国青年报,2009-02-24.
[18]西藏自治区人民政府办公厅.西藏自治区2008年度地质灾害防治方案[Z]. http://www.chinalawedu.com/news/1200/22598/22628/23046/2008/10/1124110233314 20180025460-0.htm,2008-05-18
[19]徐济德,朗奎建.西藏林芝地区景观动态研究[J].林业资源管理,2004,6：52-57.
[20]赵建新.西藏高原林业生态环境及建设重点[J].林业建设,2005,(5)：34-36.
[21]吕植,Jenny Springer.西藏生物多样性保护与管理[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2000.
[22]朱玉坤,呢木才让,论西藏森林资源的功能定位与发展策略[Z]http://www.chinatibetnews. com/huanbao/2008-06/12/content90846.htm,2008-06-12.
[23]孙继霖,杨帆,左林,西藏林芝地区生物资源的特点及价值[J].中南林业调查规划,2003,22(1)：59-61.
[24]赵鑫钰,关于尽快开发西藏水能资源实施藏电外送的建议[J].水力发电,2007,33(5)：4-6.
[25]李金祥,马疆虎.西藏开发利用新能源：架起通向新生活的“金桥”[Z].新化网http://www.xz.xinhua.org/gdbb/2008-11/03/content 14808272.htm,2008-11-03.
[26]甲央桑旦,论西藏水能资源的开发利用[J].西藏科技,2001,(6)：17.
[27]德吉,边巴次仁.西藏将投58亿多元实施薪柴替代能源工程[Z]http://www. chinatibetnews.com/keji/2008-07/321/content 134674.htm,2008-07-31.
[28]杨松.西藏的生态环境与可持续发展战略[J].中国藏学,2004,(3)：29-39.
[28]杨开才,西藏林芝地区经济林发展对策[J].林业建设,2005,(4)：2-3.
[29]杨汝荣,西藏自治区草地生态环境安全与可持续发展问题研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(6).
[30]卫敏,次仁吉,旅游旺季对西藏林芝地区生态状况的影响及对策[J].林业调查规划,2003,28(3)：82-83.
[31]赵佩燕,王海山,斯朗巴培.西藏林芝地区旅游客源市场分析[J].四川林勘设计,2007,(4)：41-44,53.
[32]张昆林,钟蓉军,中普琼,西藏林芝地区可持续发展对策[J],林业科技,2003,28(1)：58-60.
[33]邹林红.西藏林芝地区林业可持续发展问题与对策[J].林业资源管理,2001,(5)：12-15.
[34]靳慧,刘华宾,法劝前参议员：我看到了不一样的西藏[Z]http://news.sina. com.cn/c/2008-04-18/212515385054.shtml,2008-04-18.
[35]苏迅帆,西藏林芝地区森林生态系统服务价值评估研究[D].2008.
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