基于GIS的地震热红外过程研究
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摘要
地震作为一种快速构造运动,因其显著的破坏性对生命活动尤其是人类产生不同程度的危害性。地震的突发性和难以预见性使现代科学技术对于地震的认识主要停留在震后的数据分析上,前人已取得一系列重要成果,但对于地震活动整体过程的研究仍然比较难以深入。而地震孕育的演化过程研究是进一步认识地震活动规律的关键。地震的热红外过程作为地震发生的重要前兆,将热红外过程与构造活动联系起来,是一种地震研究的新的思路。GIS技术具有强大的地理数据处理能力。本文首创性的提出基于地理信息系统,尝试对于地震热红外过程进行研究。提出了一个完整的基于GIS的热红外过程研究方案并在研究过程中创新改进研究方法,进行基础数据的接收与处理,地理信息系统技术、计算机软件系统平台下的多源信息复合,背景场的选择与分析,热红外过程的解译,科学规律的总结与趋势分析。
全文分为六个部分。第一部分为绪论部分,通过对选题背景的陈述,分别回顾了国内外的相关研究历程,对不同研究人员的学术观点进行了综述,结合GIS技术的介绍,对选题意义与应用价值加以说明,并对采用的技术方法进行简述。
第二部分,对地震宏观研究的区域进行自然地理、人口经济方面的论述,结合区域地质背景与地震构造活动状况加以分析,论证选择华北地区作为背景场是因为该区域为地震可能危害性最大区域,具有典型性,并为后文的具体震例分析做出宏观背景铺垫。
第三部分,采用自主接收的NCEP/NOAA连续数据,研究对该逐日数据进行一系列具体的处理,以生成反映热红外过程的图像。
第四部分,通过使用目前流行的地理信息系统平台软件,研究在地理信息技术下对多源信息进行复合,实现各种信息叠置后的可视化表达。
第五部分,在结合华北历史地震活动格局的基础上,计算了连续多周期的构造应力大小,对近期发生于河南周口地区的Ms4.7地震进行具体的热红外时空变化过程分析,并进行余震区长短轴的反演计算,在多源地理信息复合下实现趋势查询分析。
第六部分,根据前文例证分析,得到了相应的结果。
本文的研究取得了以下主要进展与创新性成果：
(1)以中国大陆人口经济与地震频率比最高的华北地区作为背景,以其近期发生的震例作为具体例证进行分析,获得了地震热红外过程的新证据。前后的热红外过程温度变化图像结果显示在地震发生前后的一段时间内,即应力连续变化周期中,确实存在显著的异常增温,这种状况是一个连续演变的过程,而不仅仅是一个随机的现象。
(2)改进了热红外数据的接收方式与数据处理方法,使数据接收由实时不间断转为定时,处理方法实现了批处理化。以主流GIS平台为依托,实现多源地理信息的复合。
(3)热红外过程温度变化分析显示断层活动、辐射平衡与地震活动三者之间存在一定的关系。地表交换地下与空中二者的能量,遵循能量守恒定律,地表以长波向外辐射能量,接收太阳短波辐射,以维持能量平衡。断层活动引起的地表热红外辐射变化,会打破这种辐射平衡。地震往往是判断断层是否活动的标志,有可能从辐射平衡来考虑断层活动以及地震发生。
(4)地震发生在构造应力变幅较大的周期内,是一个连续的积累能量的过程,在宏观上产生了异常增温的前兆。岩石破裂后,能量集聚再调整,能反映地震活动过程中的地质构造活动的演化。
(5)异常增温区等温线的分布随时间推移出现分散、集中、分散的规律。等温线与断层产生显著正交,沿断裂带、缝合线等构造变化区域,等温线梯度分布。异常增温区再调整出现面积的增减,局部面积消失或扩大,对于主震震后反演余震区的大小,确定余震可能发生的方位具有指导,可以以能量积累区反演计算余震区长短轴。
(6)区域地震与大背景场的地震具有一定的相关性与同步性。通过地理信息与热红外信息的影像数据库叠置管理,实现了分级区域基础单元的热红外异常实时查询。
本文最后对这种另辟蹊径的研究方向今后的发展做了展望：结合各地正在开展的数字区域建设,有条件的逐步引入海量地理信息数据,实现实时动态的地震热红外过程监测、趋势预报,以真正发挥其应用价值,造福人类万物。
Earthquake as a rapid tectonic movement, its significant activities are especially destructive of human life have different degrees of harm. Earthquake predictability of sudden and difficult to make modern science and technology knowledge of the main stay for the earthquake after the earthquake data analysis, the previous series of important results have been achieved, but the whole process of seismic activity is still more difficult to depth. The evolution of earthquake preparation is to further understanding of the key laws of seismic activity. Earthquake earthquake thermal infrared process as an important precursor, the thermal infrared link with tectonic activity, is a seismic study new ideas. GIS technology is a powerful geographical data processing capabilities.Propose a complete process of thermal infrared-based GIS research program and the process of innovation and improvement in research methods.
Paper is divided into six parts. The first part is introduction, a statement by the research background, respectively, reviewed the history of relevant research at home and abroad, researchers of different academic perspectives are reviewed, combined with GIS technology introduction and application of the significance of the topic to illustrate the value of,and brief technical methods used.
The second part, the study of seismic macro-geographical areas and population discussion of the economy, combined with the regional geological setting and seismic structure to analyze the status of activities, demonstration chosen as the background field in North China since the earthquake in the region may be hazardous for the largest area, is typical, and later make a specific analysis of the macro background of earthquake cases bedding.
The third part, the use of self-received NCEP/NOAA continuous data, research data, the daily number of specific processing to generate the process of reflecting thermal infrared images.
The fourth part, through the use of popular geographic information system platform software, geographic information technology research in multi-source information under the compound, after the overlay to achieve a variety of information visualization.
The fifth part, in combination with the historical seismic activity in North China based on the pattern calculated for a number of cycles the size of tectonic stress, in ZhouKou of recent earthquakes in the region Ms4.7 specific temporal and spatial variation of thermal infrared process analysis.
The sixth part, according to analysis of the preceding example, in the complex multi-source geographic information obtained under the following result.
This research has made major progress and innovation of the following results.
(1)The highest frequency of earthquakes in North China as the background,with its recent earthquake cases occurred in the analysis as a specific example,the earthquake thermal infrared obtain new evidence of the process. Before and after the process, the thermal infrared images show that temperature changes before and after the earthquake for some time that the stress of continuous change cycle.The existence of the abnormal temperature increase significantly, this situation is a continuous process of evolution, not just a random phenomenon.
(2)Improving methods of thermal infrared data reception and data processing to make real-time continuous data reception into the timing of treatment to achieve a batch.Using general GIS platform to achieve complex multi-source geographic information.
(3)Temperature variation of thermal infrared analysis shows that fault activity, the radiation balance and seismic activity relationship exist between the three. Both ground and air surface exchange of energy, follow the law of conservation of energy, surface energy as long wave radiation out to receive solar radiation, in order to maintain energy balance. Fault-induced changes in surface thermal infrared radiation, it will break the radiation balance. To determine whether the fault earthquake activity is often a sign, it is possible to consider the radiation balance from the fault activity and earthquakes.
(4)Tectonic earthquake occurred in the larger cycle of stress amplitude, is a continuous process of accumulation of energy in the macro to generate a precursor to the abnormal warming. Rock burst, the energy concentration adjust to reflect the seismic activity during the evolution of tectonic activity.
(5)Abnormal temperature distribution area isotherms appear scattered over time, centralized, decentralized rule. Isotherm with a significant orthogonal faults along the fault zone, suture lines, and structural changes in the regional, gradient of the isotherms. Abnormal area and then adjust the temperature change in the area appear, disappear or expand the local area, after the inversion for the main aftershock epicentral area the size of the aftershocks may occur to determine the orientation of a guide. It can be calculated inversion energy accumulation zone of the length of the aftershock Axis.
(6)Background of regional seismic and seismic field has a certain relevance and synchronization. Through the geographic information and thermal infrared information superimposed image database management, it achieve to query the thermal infrared anomaly real-time on a classification unit.
Finally, the research direction of this another way to do the prospect of future development, mainly with the number of regions around the ongoing construction of the gradual introduction of conditional mass of GIS data, real-time dynamic earthquake thermal infrared process monitoring, to really play the value of the benefit of all mankind.
全文分为六个部分。第一部分为绪论部分,通过对选题背景的陈述,分别回顾了国内外的相关研究历程,对不同研究人员的学术观点进行了综述,结合GIS技术的介绍,对选题意义与应用价值加以说明,并对采用的技术方法进行简述。
第二部分,对地震宏观研究的区域进行自然地理、人口经济方面的论述,结合区域地质背景与地震构造活动状况加以分析,论证选择华北地区作为背景场是因为该区域为地震可能危害性最大区域,具有典型性,并为后文的具体震例分析做出宏观背景铺垫。
第三部分,采用自主接收的NCEP/NOAA连续数据,研究对该逐日数据进行一系列具体的处理,以生成反映热红外过程的图像。
第四部分,通过使用目前流行的地理信息系统平台软件,研究在地理信息技术下对多源信息进行复合,实现各种信息叠置后的可视化表达。
第五部分,在结合华北历史地震活动格局的基础上,计算了连续多周期的构造应力大小,对近期发生于河南周口地区的Ms4.7地震进行具体的热红外时空变化过程分析,并进行余震区长短轴的反演计算,在多源地理信息复合下实现趋势查询分析。
第六部分,根据前文例证分析,得到了相应的结果。
本文的研究取得了以下主要进展与创新性成果：
(1)以中国大陆人口经济与地震频率比最高的华北地区作为背景,以其近期发生的震例作为具体例证进行分析,获得了地震热红外过程的新证据。前后的热红外过程温度变化图像结果显示在地震发生前后的一段时间内,即应力连续变化周期中,确实存在显著的异常增温,这种状况是一个连续演变的过程,而不仅仅是一个随机的现象。
(2)改进了热红外数据的接收方式与数据处理方法,使数据接收由实时不间断转为定时,处理方法实现了批处理化。以主流GIS平台为依托,实现多源地理信息的复合。
(3)热红外过程温度变化分析显示断层活动、辐射平衡与地震活动三者之间存在一定的关系。地表交换地下与空中二者的能量,遵循能量守恒定律,地表以长波向外辐射能量,接收太阳短波辐射,以维持能量平衡。断层活动引起的地表热红外辐射变化,会打破这种辐射平衡。地震往往是判断断层是否活动的标志,有可能从辐射平衡来考虑断层活动以及地震发生。
(4)地震发生在构造应力变幅较大的周期内,是一个连续的积累能量的过程,在宏观上产生了异常增温的前兆。岩石破裂后,能量集聚再调整,能反映地震活动过程中的地质构造活动的演化。
(5)异常增温区等温线的分布随时间推移出现分散、集中、分散的规律。等温线与断层产生显著正交,沿断裂带、缝合线等构造变化区域,等温线梯度分布。异常增温区再调整出现面积的增减,局部面积消失或扩大,对于主震震后反演余震区的大小,确定余震可能发生的方位具有指导,可以以能量积累区反演计算余震区长短轴。
(6)区域地震与大背景场的地震具有一定的相关性与同步性。通过地理信息与热红外信息的影像数据库叠置管理,实现了分级区域基础单元的热红外异常实时查询。
本文最后对这种另辟蹊径的研究方向今后的发展做了展望：结合各地正在开展的数字区域建设,有条件的逐步引入海量地理信息数据,实现实时动态的地震热红外过程监测、趋势预报,以真正发挥其应用价值,造福人类万物。
Earthquake as a rapid tectonic movement, its significant activities are especially destructive of human life have different degrees of harm. Earthquake predictability of sudden and difficult to make modern science and technology knowledge of the main stay for the earthquake after the earthquake data analysis, the previous series of important results have been achieved, but the whole process of seismic activity is still more difficult to depth. The evolution of earthquake preparation is to further understanding of the key laws of seismic activity. Earthquake earthquake thermal infrared process as an important precursor, the thermal infrared link with tectonic activity, is a seismic study new ideas. GIS technology is a powerful geographical data processing capabilities.Propose a complete process of thermal infrared-based GIS research program and the process of innovation and improvement in research methods.
Paper is divided into six parts. The first part is introduction, a statement by the research background, respectively, reviewed the history of relevant research at home and abroad, researchers of different academic perspectives are reviewed, combined with GIS technology introduction and application of the significance of the topic to illustrate the value of,and brief technical methods used.
The second part, the study of seismic macro-geographical areas and population discussion of the economy, combined with the regional geological setting and seismic structure to analyze the status of activities, demonstration chosen as the background field in North China since the earthquake in the region may be hazardous for the largest area, is typical, and later make a specific analysis of the macro background of earthquake cases bedding.
The third part, the use of self-received NCEP/NOAA continuous data, research data, the daily number of specific processing to generate the process of reflecting thermal infrared images.
The fourth part, through the use of popular geographic information system platform software, geographic information technology research in multi-source information under the compound, after the overlay to achieve a variety of information visualization.
The fifth part, in combination with the historical seismic activity in North China based on the pattern calculated for a number of cycles the size of tectonic stress, in ZhouKou of recent earthquakes in the region Ms4.7 specific temporal and spatial variation of thermal infrared process analysis.
The sixth part, according to analysis of the preceding example, in the complex multi-source geographic information obtained under the following result.
This research has made major progress and innovation of the following results.
(1)The highest frequency of earthquakes in North China as the background,with its recent earthquake cases occurred in the analysis as a specific example,the earthquake thermal infrared obtain new evidence of the process. Before and after the process, the thermal infrared images show that temperature changes before and after the earthquake for some time that the stress of continuous change cycle.The existence of the abnormal temperature increase significantly, this situation is a continuous process of evolution, not just a random phenomenon.
(2)Improving methods of thermal infrared data reception and data processing to make real-time continuous data reception into the timing of treatment to achieve a batch.Using general GIS platform to achieve complex multi-source geographic information.
(3)Temperature variation of thermal infrared analysis shows that fault activity, the radiation balance and seismic activity relationship exist between the three. Both ground and air surface exchange of energy, follow the law of conservation of energy, surface energy as long wave radiation out to receive solar radiation, in order to maintain energy balance. Fault-induced changes in surface thermal infrared radiation, it will break the radiation balance. To determine whether the fault earthquake activity is often a sign, it is possible to consider the radiation balance from the fault activity and earthquakes.
(4)Tectonic earthquake occurred in the larger cycle of stress amplitude, is a continuous process of accumulation of energy in the macro to generate a precursor to the abnormal warming. Rock burst, the energy concentration adjust to reflect the seismic activity during the evolution of tectonic activity.
(5)Abnormal temperature distribution area isotherms appear scattered over time, centralized, decentralized rule. Isotherm with a significant orthogonal faults along the fault zone, suture lines, and structural changes in the regional, gradient of the isotherms. Abnormal area and then adjust the temperature change in the area appear, disappear or expand the local area, after the inversion for the main aftershock epicentral area the size of the aftershocks may occur to determine the orientation of a guide. It can be calculated inversion energy accumulation zone of the length of the aftershock Axis.
(6)Background of regional seismic and seismic field has a certain relevance and synchronization. Through the geographic information and thermal infrared information superimposed image database management, it achieve to query the thermal infrared anomaly real-time on a classification unit.
Finally, the research direction of this another way to do the prospect of future development, mainly with the number of regions around the ongoing construction of the gradual introduction of conditional mass of GIS data, real-time dynamic earthquake thermal infrared process monitoring, to really play the value of the benefit of all mankind.
引文
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