智能停车场系统设计和实现
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摘要
高速增长的经济,带动了汽车数量的大幅度增长。传统的停车场系统已不能满足日益增长的需求,停车难、难停车是目前停车场的真实写照。目前停车场中存在一系列突出的问题:大部分停车场停留在RS485组网,RS485覆盖范围小,通信没有统一的协议标准,无法实现远程数据检测和数据信息共享;车辆进出都需有专人处理,人员影响大,管理成本高;车辆进场需要自己查找空位,既浪费时间又浪费能源;系统使用一段时间后刷卡响应慢,时常出现砸车现象;车牌识别系统定位不准确,对环境和拍照的角度有严格的要求,字符识别率相对比较低,实时性能低等缺陷。
本文着眼于实际工程应用,在现有的理论和工程基础上进行改进和创新,提出了一种无需改变底层硬件进行联网并带车牌自动识别和实时监控功能等的智能停车场系统。本系统中,通过对现有车牌识别算法的改进,提出一种新的车牌识别算法提高车牌识别率;对联网数据库进行设计和优化,完成停车场系统后台工作;通过实现可靠的嵌入式网关,完成底层网络和以太网的联接,实现对停车场系统的远程监控和数据共享;对各个子系统进行设计(包括出入管理子系统、监控系统、车位引导子系统等),采用VB语言实现停车场系统。
论文的创新工作主要包括:
(1)提出一种基于小波变换和PCA的车牌识别新算法。用VB语言实现车牌识别算法。经过大量的测试,证明了该算法的高效性和准确性。
(2)设计和实现了后台数据库。对SQL2000数据库系统层、数据库设计层和应用层进行了优化,经过实际应用,验证该设计的合理性和稳定性。采用日志备份和总体备份相结合的备份方式,实现对数据库的零风险设计。
(3)提出一种基于以太网通信的停车场管理模式。以AT89C52单片机和以太网控制芯片ENC28J60为控制核心的嵌入式以太网网关,保证了管理PC机和主控板通信的实时性和可靠性要求,大大提高了系统的覆盖范围。
(4)对停车场管理系统做了详细的设计并完成了停车场管理系统的所有功能,达到实际使用的标准。
通过实际应用证明,该系统联网简单,运行可靠,成本低廉。能有效解决停车难,管理难的问题。在车牌识别方面有比较理想的效果,具有很高的实用性。
Along with the rapid development of economy,the number of motor vehicles has a great growth in china. Traditional parking system can not meet the growing demand。Parking problem is a real fact in current parking system. There are a series of outstanding parking problems at present. Most of the parking systems remain in the RS485 network. The coverage is small and has no uniform communication protocol standards. At the same time, RS485 network can not achieve remote data monitoring and data sharing; vehicle access are required to have special treatment, personnel impact and management costs are high; owner of vehicles needs to find their own position, this not only waste time but also waste energy; users have to endure a period of slow response in swiping card system; license plate recognition system is not accurate in different environment. Character recognition rate is low and can not meet real-time demand and so on.
Base on the practical application, through the theory and engineering innovation, this paper propose some measures to solve parking problems. The intelligent system has license plate recognition module and can connect to the Ethernet without changing the underlying hardware. A new license plate recognition algorithm is proposed to improve recognition rate and on-line database is designed and optimized; to realize the remote monitoring and data sharing, a new embedded gateway is designed; each subsystem (including access control subsystem, monitoring system, parking guidance subsystem, etc.) is designed and realized by VB.
Main innovations are included in the paper:
(1) A new license plate recognition algorithm is proposed based on the union of PCA and wavelet transform. The algorithm is realized by VB. Multitude testing has proved that the algorithm's efficiency and accuracy.
(2) The background SQL2000 database is designed and optimized. Through the practical application, verify the rationality of the design. The combination of log and overall backup achieves zero risk of database design.
(3) A new kind of embedded Ethernet gateway is proposed base on the AT89C52 microcontroller and Ethernet controller chip ENC28J60 .the gateway can reach reliability of real-time communication requirements, and greatly enlarge the coverage area.
(4) Detailed design and full implement are made in system. All functions of the parking system are completed to meet the actual use of the standard.
The practical application shows that the system network is simple, reliable and low cost. It can effectively solve the parking problems. Comparison of the license plate recognition algorithm proved the algorithm has higher accuracy. Through using in reality proves the system reasonable and successful.
本文着眼于实际工程应用,在现有的理论和工程基础上进行改进和创新,提出了一种无需改变底层硬件进行联网并带车牌自动识别和实时监控功能等的智能停车场系统。本系统中,通过对现有车牌识别算法的改进,提出一种新的车牌识别算法提高车牌识别率;对联网数据库进行设计和优化,完成停车场系统后台工作;通过实现可靠的嵌入式网关,完成底层网络和以太网的联接,实现对停车场系统的远程监控和数据共享;对各个子系统进行设计(包括出入管理子系统、监控系统、车位引导子系统等),采用VB语言实现停车场系统。
论文的创新工作主要包括:
(1)提出一种基于小波变换和PCA的车牌识别新算法。用VB语言实现车牌识别算法。经过大量的测试,证明了该算法的高效性和准确性。
(2)设计和实现了后台数据库。对SQL2000数据库系统层、数据库设计层和应用层进行了优化,经过实际应用,验证该设计的合理性和稳定性。采用日志备份和总体备份相结合的备份方式,实现对数据库的零风险设计。
(3)提出一种基于以太网通信的停车场管理模式。以AT89C52单片机和以太网控制芯片ENC28J60为控制核心的嵌入式以太网网关,保证了管理PC机和主控板通信的实时性和可靠性要求,大大提高了系统的覆盖范围。
(4)对停车场管理系统做了详细的设计并完成了停车场管理系统的所有功能,达到实际使用的标准。
通过实际应用证明,该系统联网简单,运行可靠,成本低廉。能有效解决停车难,管理难的问题。在车牌识别方面有比较理想的效果,具有很高的实用性。
Along with the rapid development of economy,the number of motor vehicles has a great growth in china. Traditional parking system can not meet the growing demand。Parking problem is a real fact in current parking system. There are a series of outstanding parking problems at present. Most of the parking systems remain in the RS485 network. The coverage is small and has no uniform communication protocol standards. At the same time, RS485 network can not achieve remote data monitoring and data sharing; vehicle access are required to have special treatment, personnel impact and management costs are high; owner of vehicles needs to find their own position, this not only waste time but also waste energy; users have to endure a period of slow response in swiping card system; license plate recognition system is not accurate in different environment. Character recognition rate is low and can not meet real-time demand and so on.
Base on the practical application, through the theory and engineering innovation, this paper propose some measures to solve parking problems. The intelligent system has license plate recognition module and can connect to the Ethernet without changing the underlying hardware. A new license plate recognition algorithm is proposed to improve recognition rate and on-line database is designed and optimized; to realize the remote monitoring and data sharing, a new embedded gateway is designed; each subsystem (including access control subsystem, monitoring system, parking guidance subsystem, etc.) is designed and realized by VB.
Main innovations are included in the paper:
(1) A new license plate recognition algorithm is proposed based on the union of PCA and wavelet transform. The algorithm is realized by VB. Multitude testing has proved that the algorithm's efficiency and accuracy.
(2) The background SQL2000 database is designed and optimized. Through the practical application, verify the rationality of the design. The combination of log and overall backup achieves zero risk of database design.
(3) A new kind of embedded Ethernet gateway is proposed base on the AT89C52 microcontroller and Ethernet controller chip ENC28J60 .the gateway can reach reliability of real-time communication requirements, and greatly enlarge the coverage area.
(4) Detailed design and full implement are made in system. All functions of the parking system are completed to meet the actual use of the standard.
The practical application shows that the system network is simple, reliable and low cost. It can effectively solve the parking problems. Comparison of the license plate recognition algorithm proved the algorithm has higher accuracy. Through using in reality proves the system reasonable and successful.
引文
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[3]刘国立,程继夏.汽车保有量与国民经济GDP及相关产业关系[J].长安大学学报, 2005.7(3):35-38.
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[5]崔临,安志勇,李明,王汉涛.基于uclinux的远程监控系统设计与实现[J].计算机测量与控制. 2009.17(10):1962-1964.
[6]朱艳红,何东彬.基于S3C2410的以太网网关的设计[J].《微计算机信息》(嵌入式与SOC)2009.25(9-2):116-118.
[7]苏振涛,罗钧旻,白小军.基于设备服务器的电视发射机远程监控系统[J].计算机测量与控制.2009.17(10):1883-1885.
[8]赵国安,高航,张有成.由W3100A构成嵌人式网关的家庭智能系统[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用-2003,(4):51-53.
[9]周嗣恩,韩凤春.智能化停车场管理体系研究[J].中国防伪报道,2009,(01): 14-17.
[10]张超平,汽车牌.照识别中图像增强技术的研究.企业技术开发[J].2010.1(2):77-81.
[11]赵坤,郭道省.一种改进的车牌识别预处理方法.河南科学[J].2010.3(28):329-332.
[12]中华人民共和国公安部,中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准[S],中华人民共和国机动车号牌,2007.9.28
[13]苏磊,张登福.基于FPGA的RGB到YUV422的数字视频转换.实用技术[J].2009(33):105-109.
[14]张婷曼,王庆.基于边缘检测与分层的车牌定位.科技资讯[J].:2009.3(33):191-192.
[15] JXifan, S., Weizhong, Z., Yonghang, S.: Automatic license plate recognition system based on color image processing. ICCSA 4,1159–1168 (2005).
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