《红楼梦》章回题目英译的归化与异化
|
摘要
翻译是不同文化之间交流的重要途径。在翻译过程中,译者对源语文化和目的语文化因素的不同态度形成了异化和归化两种不同的翻译策略。前者有助于源语文化的保持和传播,而后者则可能导致源语文化的扭曲甚至消失。《红楼梦》作为中国文化的集大成者,几乎涉及到了中国传统文化的所有层面。如何在翻译《红楼梦》过程中最大限度地保留优秀的中国传统文化是《红楼梦》给译者的巨大挑战。
本文采用语料对比以及实例分析的方法,参照王宁的相关文化理论,分别从生产生活文化,制度文化,思想观念与精神文化以及语言文字文化等四个角度对比分析了《红楼梦》杨译本和霍译本中对章回题目英译的不同翻译策略取向。通过对比分析,作者发现在翻译《红楼梦》章回题目过程中,杨译本更多地采用了异化的翻译策略,并且尽可能多地保持和向外传播了中国优秀的传统文化,而霍译本则更多地使用了归化的翻译策略,导致中国传统文化因素不同程度的流失。对《红楼梦》杨译本和霍译本中章回题目英译的对比分析是对以往两译本对比分析的重要补充。对两译本中两种翻译策略尤其是归化策略的具体分析能够激发读者和译者保持源语文化尤其是中国的优秀传统文化的意识,从而在以后的翻译工作中尽可能多地以源语文化为出发点,防止源语文化的扭曲和流失,对保持文化多样性有重大的意义。
Translation is an essential way in the communication among different cultures. During the translation process, translators’different attitudes towards the cultural elements of the source language and the target language bring the two translation strategies—foreignization and domestication into existence. The former one helps to maintain and spread the source language culture, while the latter one may result in the distortion or disappearance of the source language culture. As the greatest of all Chinese Classics, Hongloumeng involves almost all the aspects of Chinese traditional culture. And how to maintain the excellence of traditional Chinese culture to the maximum in translating Hongloumeng is a great challenge to the translators.
Through the linguistic material comparative method and example analysis method, and based on the relevant cultural theories by Wang Ning, this thesis has compared the different translation strategic tendencies of the Yangs’translation and Hawkes’translation in translating the chapter titles of Hongloumeng from the aspects of production and life culture, system culture, ideological concept and spiritual culture as well as linguistic culture. Through comparative analysis, the author finds that in translating the chapter titles of Hongloumeng, the Yangs prefer foreignization to domestication and maintain and spread the excellence of traditional Chinese culture; while the Hawkes’version prefers domestication as the main strategy, which may lead to the cultural loss to some extent. The comparative analysis of the two translation versions of Hongloumeng from the perspective of chapter titles performs as an essential supplement to the previous comparison of the two versions. The detailed analysis of the two strategies, especially the domestication strategy in the two versions can inspire the translators with the awareness of keeping the source language culture, especially the excellence of traditional Chinese culture, then make them be source language-oriented as much as possible in their translation. As a result, the source language culture can not be distorted or lost, which has a great significance to the cultural diversity.
本文采用语料对比以及实例分析的方法,参照王宁的相关文化理论,分别从生产生活文化,制度文化,思想观念与精神文化以及语言文字文化等四个角度对比分析了《红楼梦》杨译本和霍译本中对章回题目英译的不同翻译策略取向。通过对比分析,作者发现在翻译《红楼梦》章回题目过程中,杨译本更多地采用了异化的翻译策略,并且尽可能多地保持和向外传播了中国优秀的传统文化,而霍译本则更多地使用了归化的翻译策略,导致中国传统文化因素不同程度的流失。对《红楼梦》杨译本和霍译本中章回题目英译的对比分析是对以往两译本对比分析的重要补充。对两译本中两种翻译策略尤其是归化策略的具体分析能够激发读者和译者保持源语文化尤其是中国的优秀传统文化的意识,从而在以后的翻译工作中尽可能多地以源语文化为出发点,防止源语文化的扭曲和流失,对保持文化多样性有重大的意义。
Translation is an essential way in the communication among different cultures. During the translation process, translators’different attitudes towards the cultural elements of the source language and the target language bring the two translation strategies—foreignization and domestication into existence. The former one helps to maintain and spread the source language culture, while the latter one may result in the distortion or disappearance of the source language culture. As the greatest of all Chinese Classics, Hongloumeng involves almost all the aspects of Chinese traditional culture. And how to maintain the excellence of traditional Chinese culture to the maximum in translating Hongloumeng is a great challenge to the translators.
Through the linguistic material comparative method and example analysis method, and based on the relevant cultural theories by Wang Ning, this thesis has compared the different translation strategic tendencies of the Yangs’translation and Hawkes’translation in translating the chapter titles of Hongloumeng from the aspects of production and life culture, system culture, ideological concept and spiritual culture as well as linguistic culture. Through comparative analysis, the author finds that in translating the chapter titles of Hongloumeng, the Yangs prefer foreignization to domestication and maintain and spread the excellence of traditional Chinese culture; while the Hawkes’version prefers domestication as the main strategy, which may lead to the cultural loss to some extent. The comparative analysis of the two translation versions of Hongloumeng from the perspective of chapter titles performs as an essential supplement to the previous comparison of the two versions. The detailed analysis of the two strategies, especially the domestication strategy in the two versions can inspire the translators with the awareness of keeping the source language culture, especially the excellence of traditional Chinese culture, then make them be source language-oriented as much as possible in their translation. As a result, the source language culture can not be distorted or lost, which has a great significance to the cultural diversity.
引文
[1]Agar, M. Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation[M]. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1996: 16-68
[2]Glucksberg, S. Understanding Figurative Language—From Metaphor to Idioms[M]. London: Oxford University Press, 2001: 27-34
[3]Hawkes, D. The Story of the Stone[M]. London: Penguin Books, 1980: 1-2016
[4]Hornby, A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary[Z]. The fourth edition. Li Beida. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1997: 1-1774
[5]Larson, M. L. Meaning-Based Translation, a Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence[M]. New Jersey: University Press of America, 1984: 56-72
[6]Lefevere, Andre. Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006:8-9
[7]Lefevere, Andre. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 1992: 17-26
[8]Newmark, P. About Translation[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006: 68-72
[9]Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001: 32-36
[10]Nida, Eugene A. and Charles, R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2004: 1-27
[11]Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful Activity[M]. Northampton: St. Jerome Publishing, 2001: 23-41
[12]Robinson, Douglas. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained[M]. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1997: 187-279
[13]Said, E. Edward. Culture and Imperialism[M]. London: Vintage, 1993: 69-283
[14]Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E. & McDaniel, E. R. Communication between Cultures[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2009: 46-59
[15]Sapir, E. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002: 149-158
[16]Shuttleworth, Mark & Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 1997: 86-134
[17]Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture[M]. New York: Gordon Press,1871:169-204
[18]Venuti, Lawrence. Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity and Ideology[M]. London & New York: Toutledge, 1992: 79-143
[19]Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility—A History of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004: 1-43
[20]Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods[M]. London & New Yord: Routledge, 2001: 14-16
[21]Yang Xianyi, Gladys Yang. A Dream of Red Mansions[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2008: 1-2549
[22]陈富康.中国译学理论史稿[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1992: 169-173
[23]陈红薇,江帆.难忘的历程—《红楼梦》英译事业的描写性研究[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 45-63
[24]崔永禄.霍克斯译《红楼梦》中倾向性问题的思考[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 80-93
[25]范圣宇《〈红楼梦〉管窥》[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2004: 7-12
[26]郭允.从《红楼梦》章回目录的翻译看文学风格的再现[D].安徽:安徽大学外语系, 2006
[27]洪涛.《红楼梦》中的语言禁忌及其英译问题—《红楼梦英译评议》系列论文之一[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 407-423
[28]李蒙,程韬.彩色世界任驰骋—浅议杨宪益《红楼梦》英译本中颜色词的翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 167-177
[29]刘海玲.文化空白与《红楼梦》佛教用语翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 385-396
[30]刘宓庆.文化翻译论纲[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社, 1999: 1-30
[31]刘士聪.红楼梦评—《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 2-3
[32]刘艳丽.杨译《红楼梦》中几种特殊句式的英译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 177-189
[33]马红军.翻译补偿手段的分类与应用—兼评霍克斯《红楼梦》英译本的补偿策略[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 123-131
[34]孙致礼.中国的文学翻译:从归化趋向异化[J].中国翻译, 2002, 23(1):40-44
[35]王东风.归化与异化:矛与盾的交锋[J].中国翻译, 2002(5):24
[36]王宏印.《红楼梦》回目辞趣两种英译的比较研究[J].外语与外语教学, 2002, (1):54-57
[37]王宏印.试论霍译《红楼梦》体制之更易与独创[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 65-80
[38]王宁.中国文化概论[M].长沙:湖南师范大学出版社, 2000: 105-316
[39]魏芳.翻译策略:译者在特定翻译情境下的选择—《红楼梦》两种译本文化内容的翻译策略比较[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 107-121
[40]夏廷德.《红楼梦》两个英译本人物姓名的翻译策略[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004:135-154
[41]肖维青.一家亲主义vs核心家庭制度—谈《红楼梦》人际称谓与翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 155-166
[42]谢明.生动别致,精彩美妙—《红楼梦》回目的修辞技巧[J].修辞学, 2002,(6):13-19
[43]闫晓雅.《红楼梦》翻译的译者主体性[J].韶关学院学报, 2009, 30(5):35-37
[44]于媛.古典文学翻译中语义翻译与交际翻译之比较—以《红楼梦》章回目录翻译为例[J].唐山师范学院学报, 2008, 30(3):25-27
[45]张爱惠.曲径通幽:《红楼梦》回目英译的主位化探析[J].内蒙古农业大学学报, 2008, 10(4):340-342
[46]张爱惠.心理学视角下的修辞翻译—《红楼梦》回目英译研究[J].巢湖学院学报, 2008,10(5): 112-127
[47]张捷.浅谈《红楼梦》回目的美学翻译[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版), 2006, 7(3): 91-93
[48]张鲲.从《红楼梦》两英译本看翻译目的对翻译策略的影响[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 93-106
[49]张映先.从符号学角度看《红楼梦》翻译中的文化差异[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 375-384
[50]赵立柱.《红楼梦》中的酒文化与翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 398-406
[51]郑红.试析《红楼梦》章回目录的英语翻译[J].合肥教育学院学报, 2000, 17(2): 40-44
[52]周珏良.《周珏良文集》[C].北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1994: 237-296
[53]周志培.汉英对比语翻译中的转换[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2003: 427-519
[2]Glucksberg, S. Understanding Figurative Language—From Metaphor to Idioms[M]. London: Oxford University Press, 2001: 27-34
[3]Hawkes, D. The Story of the Stone[M]. London: Penguin Books, 1980: 1-2016
[4]Hornby, A. S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary[Z]. The fourth edition. Li Beida. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 1997: 1-1774
[5]Larson, M. L. Meaning-Based Translation, a Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence[M]. New Jersey: University Press of America, 1984: 56-72
[6]Lefevere, Andre. Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Context[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006:8-9
[7]Lefevere, Andre. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 1992: 17-26
[8]Newmark, P. About Translation[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006: 68-72
[9]Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001: 32-36
[10]Nida, Eugene A. and Charles, R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2004: 1-27
[11]Nord, C. Translating as a Purposeful Activity[M]. Northampton: St. Jerome Publishing, 2001: 23-41
[12]Robinson, Douglas. Translation and Empire: Postcolonial Theories Explained[M]. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1997: 187-279
[13]Said, E. Edward. Culture and Imperialism[M]. London: Vintage, 1993: 69-283
[14]Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E. & McDaniel, E. R. Communication between Cultures[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2009: 46-59
[15]Sapir, E. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2002: 149-158
[16]Shuttleworth, Mark & Moira Cowie. Dictionary of Translation Studies[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 1997: 86-134
[17]Tylor, E. B. Primitive Culture[M]. New York: Gordon Press,1871:169-204
[18]Venuti, Lawrence. Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity and Ideology[M]. London & New York: Toutledge, 1992: 79-143
[19]Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility—A History of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004: 1-43
[20]Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods[M]. London & New Yord: Routledge, 2001: 14-16
[21]Yang Xianyi, Gladys Yang. A Dream of Red Mansions[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, 2008: 1-2549
[22]陈富康.中国译学理论史稿[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1992: 169-173
[23]陈红薇,江帆.难忘的历程—《红楼梦》英译事业的描写性研究[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 45-63
[24]崔永禄.霍克斯译《红楼梦》中倾向性问题的思考[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 80-93
[25]范圣宇《〈红楼梦〉管窥》[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2004: 7-12
[26]郭允.从《红楼梦》章回目录的翻译看文学风格的再现[D].安徽:安徽大学外语系, 2006
[27]洪涛.《红楼梦》中的语言禁忌及其英译问题—《红楼梦英译评议》系列论文之一[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 407-423
[28]李蒙,程韬.彩色世界任驰骋—浅议杨宪益《红楼梦》英译本中颜色词的翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 167-177
[29]刘海玲.文化空白与《红楼梦》佛教用语翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 385-396
[30]刘宓庆.文化翻译论纲[M].武汉:湖北教育出版社, 1999: 1-30
[31]刘士聪.红楼梦评—《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 2-3
[32]刘艳丽.杨译《红楼梦》中几种特殊句式的英译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 177-189
[33]马红军.翻译补偿手段的分类与应用—兼评霍克斯《红楼梦》英译本的补偿策略[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 123-131
[34]孙致礼.中国的文学翻译:从归化趋向异化[J].中国翻译, 2002, 23(1):40-44
[35]王东风.归化与异化:矛与盾的交锋[J].中国翻译, 2002(5):24
[36]王宏印.《红楼梦》回目辞趣两种英译的比较研究[J].外语与外语教学, 2002, (1):54-57
[37]王宏印.试论霍译《红楼梦》体制之更易与独创[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 65-80
[38]王宁.中国文化概论[M].长沙:湖南师范大学出版社, 2000: 105-316
[39]魏芳.翻译策略:译者在特定翻译情境下的选择—《红楼梦》两种译本文化内容的翻译策略比较[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 107-121
[40]夏廷德.《红楼梦》两个英译本人物姓名的翻译策略[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004:135-154
[41]肖维青.一家亲主义vs核心家庭制度—谈《红楼梦》人际称谓与翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 155-166
[42]谢明.生动别致,精彩美妙—《红楼梦》回目的修辞技巧[J].修辞学, 2002,(6):13-19
[43]闫晓雅.《红楼梦》翻译的译者主体性[J].韶关学院学报, 2009, 30(5):35-37
[44]于媛.古典文学翻译中语义翻译与交际翻译之比较—以《红楼梦》章回目录翻译为例[J].唐山师范学院学报, 2008, 30(3):25-27
[45]张爱惠.曲径通幽:《红楼梦》回目英译的主位化探析[J].内蒙古农业大学学报, 2008, 10(4):340-342
[46]张爱惠.心理学视角下的修辞翻译—《红楼梦》回目英译研究[J].巢湖学院学报, 2008,10(5): 112-127
[47]张捷.浅谈《红楼梦》回目的美学翻译[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版), 2006, 7(3): 91-93
[48]张鲲.从《红楼梦》两英译本看翻译目的对翻译策略的影响[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 93-106
[49]张映先.从符号学角度看《红楼梦》翻译中的文化差异[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 375-384
[50]赵立柱.《红楼梦》中的酒文化与翻译[A].刘士聪.红楼译评:《红楼梦》翻译研究论文集[C].天津:南开大学出版社, 2004: 398-406
[51]郑红.试析《红楼梦》章回目录的英语翻译[J].合肥教育学院学报, 2000, 17(2): 40-44
[52]周珏良.《周珏良文集》[C].北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1994: 237-296
[53]周志培.汉英对比语翻译中的转换[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社, 2003: 427-519
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |