硅酸盐脉石型红柱石矿的反浮选预分离理论与工艺研究
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摘要
随着我国工业的迅速发展,红柱石应用领域的不断扩大,合理开发利用红柱石矿石资源对缓解我国红柱石供求矛盾,促进我国工业发展具有重要的现实意义。红柱石矿中硅酸盐脉石如绢云母、高岭石对其分离有严重的干扰,在含有该类脉石型的红柱石选矿领域,对浮选理论的研究相对较少,研究红柱石与绢云母、高岭石浮选行为及其作用机理,可以更好地控制浮选过程,提高红柱石浮选精矿质量。
本文通过单矿物和实际矿石试验研究了多种捕收剂、多种抑制剂以及难免金属离子对红柱石与绢云母、高岭石浮选行为的影响,并通过动电位测试、红外光谱测试、热力学计算等方法讨论了矿物表面与捕收剂、金属离子的作用机理,本学位论文的主要结论如下：
单矿物实验及机理结果表明：在捕收剂十二胺与XM-1体系下,pH为5.0-6.0时绢云母与高岭石的浮选性能要好于红柱石；十二胺体系下难免离子的存在使绢云母、高岭石与红柱石的浮选性能差距加大；红柱石与绢云母在石油磺酸钠浮选体系有各种难免离子存在的情况下浮选性能接近,通过几种抑制剂的试验发现,没有找到能有效抑制被离子活化了的绢云母的抑制剂；组合金属离子在整个试验pH范围对红柱石、绢云母有抑制作用；组合金属离子使红柱石和绢云母表面的动电位显著正移,矿物与十二胺之间的静电吸附作用减弱,Al3+、Fe3、Ca2+、Mg2+因生成对应的氢氧化物沉淀,使红柱石、绢云母的浮选受到强烈抑制。高岭石受到活化的原因可能与pH值、矿物本身晶体结构等有关。总之,绢云母、高岭石在捕收剂十二胺与XM-1下浮选性能要好于红柱石,可能使得红柱石与绢云母、高岭石反浮选分离,而在石油磺酸钠体系则绢云母与红柱石浮选性能相似。
工艺研究结果表明：使用自制的新型捕收剂XM-1从红柱石原矿中反浮选绢云母和高岭石效果显著,在原浆浮选的环境下使红柱石精矿达到了标准。原浆组合浮选联合工艺,工艺简单,红柱石产品质量可达标,回收率略高。采用摇床重选脱泥、脱钛,摇床重选中矿强磁脱铁后,先反浮选硅酸盐杂质绢云母、高岭石等,再正浮选红柱石,可获得合格红柱石精矿,浮选精矿Al2O3品位最高达54.83%。
With rapid development of our industry, continuous expanding of andalusite application, rational development and utilization of andalusite resources is important to relieve contradiction between supply and demand of andalusite and to promote the development of our industry. The silicate gangues in andalusite ore, such as sericite and kaolinite, seriously disturb the separation of minerals. As there are relatively less researches in the area of andalusite ore including the upside gangues, studying the basic flotation behavior, effect and mechanism of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite can control the flotation process better and improve the quality of andalusite flotation concentrates.
This paper studies effects of several collectors, many inhibitors and metal ion on the flotation of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. Besides, the article also discusses the mechanism between mineral surface and collector or metal ion by several measurements such as zeta potential testing, FTIR and thermodynamic calculation. The main conclusions of the thesis are indicated as follows.
Results of single mineral tests and measurements show that the floatability of sericite and kaolinite is better than that of andalusite under the system of collector lauryl amine and XM-1 and pH 5.0～6.0. The existence of metal ion exacerbates differences in flotation properties among andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. The flotation properties of andalusite are close to that of sericite under the sodium petroleum sulfonate system and kinds of metal ion existing. According to several inhibitors tests, we find that it is difficult to find the inhibitor which can efficiently prevent sericite activated by metal ion out of activity. The combination of metal ions has an inhibiting effect on floatability of andalusite and sericite over the entire pH domain. The electrostatic adsorption interaction between mineral and dodecylamine weakened as combined metallic ion made the zeta potential of andalusite and sericite shift markedly towards the positive direction. The flotation of andalusite and sericite were depressed intensively because of the Al3+,Fe3+,Ca2+ and Mg2+ producing the corresponding hydroxide precipitation. The reason why kaolinite was activated has something to do with pH, crystal structure of minerals and so on. In a word, the flotation properties of sericite and kaolinite are better than that of andalusite under the system of collector lauryl amine and XM-1, which make inverse separation of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. However, under the sodium petroleum sulfonate system The flotation properties of andalusite are close to that of sericite.
Results of actual ore tests show that the qualified andalusite products can be obtained and the grade of Al2O3 in flotation concentrates reached to as much as 54.83% by use of a technology, which consists of table concentration to deslime and take off peptide, make high intensity magnetic separation to remove iron from the table middlings, reverse flotation to silicate impurities such as sericite and kaolinite, direct flotation to andalusite. Using a new self-made collector XM-1 to separate sericite and kaolinite by reverse flotation from andalusite ore is so effective that the andalusite concentrates are up to the standard in the unprocessed pulp flotation. The unprocessed pulp flotation combination technology is simple, the andalusite products can be qualified and the recovery is higher.
本文通过单矿物和实际矿石试验研究了多种捕收剂、多种抑制剂以及难免金属离子对红柱石与绢云母、高岭石浮选行为的影响,并通过动电位测试、红外光谱测试、热力学计算等方法讨论了矿物表面与捕收剂、金属离子的作用机理,本学位论文的主要结论如下：
单矿物实验及机理结果表明：在捕收剂十二胺与XM-1体系下,pH为5.0-6.0时绢云母与高岭石的浮选性能要好于红柱石；十二胺体系下难免离子的存在使绢云母、高岭石与红柱石的浮选性能差距加大；红柱石与绢云母在石油磺酸钠浮选体系有各种难免离子存在的情况下浮选性能接近,通过几种抑制剂的试验发现,没有找到能有效抑制被离子活化了的绢云母的抑制剂；组合金属离子在整个试验pH范围对红柱石、绢云母有抑制作用；组合金属离子使红柱石和绢云母表面的动电位显著正移,矿物与十二胺之间的静电吸附作用减弱,Al3+、Fe3、Ca2+、Mg2+因生成对应的氢氧化物沉淀,使红柱石、绢云母的浮选受到强烈抑制。高岭石受到活化的原因可能与pH值、矿物本身晶体结构等有关。总之,绢云母、高岭石在捕收剂十二胺与XM-1下浮选性能要好于红柱石,可能使得红柱石与绢云母、高岭石反浮选分离,而在石油磺酸钠体系则绢云母与红柱石浮选性能相似。
工艺研究结果表明：使用自制的新型捕收剂XM-1从红柱石原矿中反浮选绢云母和高岭石效果显著,在原浆浮选的环境下使红柱石精矿达到了标准。原浆组合浮选联合工艺,工艺简单,红柱石产品质量可达标,回收率略高。采用摇床重选脱泥、脱钛,摇床重选中矿强磁脱铁后,先反浮选硅酸盐杂质绢云母、高岭石等,再正浮选红柱石,可获得合格红柱石精矿,浮选精矿Al2O3品位最高达54.83%。
With rapid development of our industry, continuous expanding of andalusite application, rational development and utilization of andalusite resources is important to relieve contradiction between supply and demand of andalusite and to promote the development of our industry. The silicate gangues in andalusite ore, such as sericite and kaolinite, seriously disturb the separation of minerals. As there are relatively less researches in the area of andalusite ore including the upside gangues, studying the basic flotation behavior, effect and mechanism of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite can control the flotation process better and improve the quality of andalusite flotation concentrates.
This paper studies effects of several collectors, many inhibitors and metal ion on the flotation of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. Besides, the article also discusses the mechanism between mineral surface and collector or metal ion by several measurements such as zeta potential testing, FTIR and thermodynamic calculation. The main conclusions of the thesis are indicated as follows.
Results of single mineral tests and measurements show that the floatability of sericite and kaolinite is better than that of andalusite under the system of collector lauryl amine and XM-1 and pH 5.0～6.0. The existence of metal ion exacerbates differences in flotation properties among andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. The flotation properties of andalusite are close to that of sericite under the sodium petroleum sulfonate system and kinds of metal ion existing. According to several inhibitors tests, we find that it is difficult to find the inhibitor which can efficiently prevent sericite activated by metal ion out of activity. The combination of metal ions has an inhibiting effect on floatability of andalusite and sericite over the entire pH domain. The electrostatic adsorption interaction between mineral and dodecylamine weakened as combined metallic ion made the zeta potential of andalusite and sericite shift markedly towards the positive direction. The flotation of andalusite and sericite were depressed intensively because of the Al3+,Fe3+,Ca2+ and Mg2+ producing the corresponding hydroxide precipitation. The reason why kaolinite was activated has something to do with pH, crystal structure of minerals and so on. In a word, the flotation properties of sericite and kaolinite are better than that of andalusite under the system of collector lauryl amine and XM-1, which make inverse separation of andalusite, sericite and kaolinite. However, under the sodium petroleum sulfonate system The flotation properties of andalusite are close to that of sericite.
Results of actual ore tests show that the qualified andalusite products can be obtained and the grade of Al2O3 in flotation concentrates reached to as much as 54.83% by use of a technology, which consists of table concentration to deslime and take off peptide, make high intensity magnetic separation to remove iron from the table middlings, reverse flotation to silicate impurities such as sericite and kaolinite, direct flotation to andalusite. Using a new self-made collector XM-1 to separate sericite and kaolinite by reverse flotation from andalusite ore is so effective that the andalusite concentrates are up to the standard in the unprocessed pulp flotation. The unprocessed pulp flotation combination technology is simple, the andalusite products can be qualified and the recovery is higher.
引文
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