碳酸盐岩鲕滩型储层地震预测
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摘要
油气勘探实践表明,碳酸盐岩鲕滩储层是非常重要的油气储集层。近年来,四川盆地东北部飞仙关组一系列大型、特大型鲕滩气藏的发现,表明川东北地区飞仙关组鲕滩储层具有巨大的勘探潜力和良好的勘探前景。但由于鲕滩储层非均质性强,储层发育受多种因素控制,再加上埋深大、深部地震资料主频低、地震分辨率的限制,鲕滩储层预测及流体识别难度大。
本论文以川东北CL地区下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩储层为研究对象,在充分调研该区地质、钻井、测井、测试、地震资料的基础上,通过对飞仙关组鲕滩储层的地质沉积特征、测井及地震响应特征的研究,形成了一套针对鲕滩型储集层的储层预测和流体识别的技术系列:地震属性分析、波阻抗反演、三维可视化、古地貌恢复与分析、叠前弹性参数反演、AVO属性分析、流体识别因子的构建以及双参数交会分析的储层综合预测技术,并对该区鲕滩储层的分布范围及有利含油气区进行了预测。
论文的主要研究内容及关键成果如下:①由地质沉积特征的分析可知,飞仙关鲕滩储层主要发育在台地边缘相隆起的高地带,应用古地貌恢复技术,雕刻了晚二叠系长兴组的古地貌,找出沉积高点,即有可能是鲕滩储层较发育区域;②通过测井数据的统计分析,得到了鲕滩储层的测井响应特征:低速度、低密度、低自然伽马、低纵横波速比、低泊松比σ;③通过地震反射结构的分析,鲕滩储层在地震上表现为中低频、杂乱中弱连续性、中强反射振幅的“亮点”反射特征;④针对鲕滩储层的测井、地震反射特征,提出了适用于鲕滩储层预测流程,并通过地震多属性分析、叠后波阻抗反演等多种方法的综合预测,认识到飞仙关组的鲕滩储层由台缘带的一套储层朝台内方向逐渐变化为上下二套储层,且具有朝台内振幅变弱(储层变差)的趋势,并预测了飞仙关组鲕滩储层的有利发育带:⑤通过多参数的双参数测井交会分析,可以显著地区分气层与干层,水层与干层,但是气层与水层的分界不明显,有部分重叠,其中,纵波与高灵敏度流体识别因子(HSFIF)的交会区分效果最好;⑥通过叠前弹性参数反演、AVO属性分析、双参数交会分析等多种方法的应用,对鲕滩储层的含气范围及含气时间厚度进行了预测。
综上所述,利用上述这些方法可以较好的预测出鲕滩储层有利分布区域及含流体情况,为以后的钻井部署提供较为可靠的证据,以减少钻井风险。
The oil and gas exploration practice shows that the Oolitic carbonate reservoir is very important oil and gas reservoir. In recent years, a series of large, huge Oolitic beach gas reservoirs have been found in Feixianguan Formation of Northeastern of Sichuan Basin, and all these demonstrate Fexianguan Oolitic reservoir has great exploration potential and good prospects for exploration. However, because the oolitic reservoir heterogeneity, reservoir development controlled by many factors, coupled with the depth of large, deep low-frequency seismic data, seismic resolution limit, the Oolitic reservoir forecasting and fluid identification are very difficult.
In this thesis, taking Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic Series in Northeast area of Sichuan as object of study, based on the full study of area geology, drilling, logging, testing, and seismic data, by studying the geological sedimentary characteristics ,well logging and seismic response characteristics of Feixianguan Formation Oolitic reservoir, have formed the technology series for the Oolitic reservoir prediction and fluid identification, which collectively referred to as comprehensive prediction reservoir are Seismic Attribute Analysis, Wave Impedance Inversion, 3D Visualization, Ancient Landscape Recovery and Analysis, prestack inversion of Elastic Parameters, AVO Attribute Analysis, Construction of Fluid Identification Factors and Intersection of Two-Parameters. Finally, the Oolitic reservoir area distribution and favorable oil and gas area are predicted.
The main research content and key results are as follows:①Sedimentary characteristics of the geological analysis shows, the Oolitic reservoir’s main development area is the highland area of the platform margin uplift. Applies the ancient landscape restoration technology to carve the late Permian Changxing Formation at the bottom of Feixianguan Formation, and finds the high point of deposition, which may be the more development area for Oolitic reservoir.②Using Statistical analysis on the logging data, get the Logging response of Oolitic reservoir is low P wave velocity, low S wave velocity, low density, low natural gamma, low vertical and horizontal velocity ratio, low Poisson ratio.③By analyzing seismic reflection structure, the Oolitic reservoir's performance on the seismic performance is low-frequency, clutter and middle or weak continuity, "bright spot" reflection characteristics of middle or strong reflection amplitude.④According to the logging and seismic reflection characteristics of the Oolitic reservoir, propose forecasting process proposed for the Oolitic reservoir, by comprehensive prediction with seismic attribute analysis, post-stack wave impedance inversion and other methods, recognize Feixianguan Formation oolitic reservoir gradual change from a reservoir of the platform edge for the upper and lower reservoirs, and toward the platform with the amplitude weak trend (reservoir variation), and predicts the favorable development for Feixianguan Oolitic reservoir.⑤Through the logging intersection of two parameters of multi-parameters can significantly distinguish gas layer and dry layer, water layer and the dry layer, though the boundary of gas layer and water layer is not obvious and is some overlapping, the intersection distinction of P-wave and the high sensitivity fluid identification factor(HSFIF) is best.⑥applying Elastic Parameters Inversion of Prestack, AVO Attribute Analysis, Two Parameters Intersection Analysis and other methods, predict the range of the Oolitic beach gas reservoirs and its time thickness.
In summary, applying the above methods can better predict the scope of the distribution of favorable Oolitic reservoir and Oolitic reservoir containing fluid situation. Accordingly, for the future drilling deployment provides a more reliable evidence in order to reduce drilling risk.
本论文以川东北CL地区下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩储层为研究对象,在充分调研该区地质、钻井、测井、测试、地震资料的基础上,通过对飞仙关组鲕滩储层的地质沉积特征、测井及地震响应特征的研究,形成了一套针对鲕滩型储集层的储层预测和流体识别的技术系列:地震属性分析、波阻抗反演、三维可视化、古地貌恢复与分析、叠前弹性参数反演、AVO属性分析、流体识别因子的构建以及双参数交会分析的储层综合预测技术,并对该区鲕滩储层的分布范围及有利含油气区进行了预测。
论文的主要研究内容及关键成果如下:①由地质沉积特征的分析可知,飞仙关鲕滩储层主要发育在台地边缘相隆起的高地带,应用古地貌恢复技术,雕刻了晚二叠系长兴组的古地貌,找出沉积高点,即有可能是鲕滩储层较发育区域;②通过测井数据的统计分析,得到了鲕滩储层的测井响应特征:低速度、低密度、低自然伽马、低纵横波速比、低泊松比σ;③通过地震反射结构的分析,鲕滩储层在地震上表现为中低频、杂乱中弱连续性、中强反射振幅的“亮点”反射特征;④针对鲕滩储层的测井、地震反射特征,提出了适用于鲕滩储层预测流程,并通过地震多属性分析、叠后波阻抗反演等多种方法的综合预测,认识到飞仙关组的鲕滩储层由台缘带的一套储层朝台内方向逐渐变化为上下二套储层,且具有朝台内振幅变弱(储层变差)的趋势,并预测了飞仙关组鲕滩储层的有利发育带:⑤通过多参数的双参数测井交会分析,可以显著地区分气层与干层,水层与干层,但是气层与水层的分界不明显,有部分重叠,其中,纵波与高灵敏度流体识别因子(HSFIF)的交会区分效果最好;⑥通过叠前弹性参数反演、AVO属性分析、双参数交会分析等多种方法的应用,对鲕滩储层的含气范围及含气时间厚度进行了预测。
综上所述,利用上述这些方法可以较好的预测出鲕滩储层有利分布区域及含流体情况,为以后的钻井部署提供较为可靠的证据,以减少钻井风险。
The oil and gas exploration practice shows that the Oolitic carbonate reservoir is very important oil and gas reservoir. In recent years, a series of large, huge Oolitic beach gas reservoirs have been found in Feixianguan Formation of Northeastern of Sichuan Basin, and all these demonstrate Fexianguan Oolitic reservoir has great exploration potential and good prospects for exploration. However, because the oolitic reservoir heterogeneity, reservoir development controlled by many factors, coupled with the depth of large, deep low-frequency seismic data, seismic resolution limit, the Oolitic reservoir forecasting and fluid identification are very difficult.
In this thesis, taking Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic Series in Northeast area of Sichuan as object of study, based on the full study of area geology, drilling, logging, testing, and seismic data, by studying the geological sedimentary characteristics ,well logging and seismic response characteristics of Feixianguan Formation Oolitic reservoir, have formed the technology series for the Oolitic reservoir prediction and fluid identification, which collectively referred to as comprehensive prediction reservoir are Seismic Attribute Analysis, Wave Impedance Inversion, 3D Visualization, Ancient Landscape Recovery and Analysis, prestack inversion of Elastic Parameters, AVO Attribute Analysis, Construction of Fluid Identification Factors and Intersection of Two-Parameters. Finally, the Oolitic reservoir area distribution and favorable oil and gas area are predicted.
The main research content and key results are as follows:①Sedimentary characteristics of the geological analysis shows, the Oolitic reservoir’s main development area is the highland area of the platform margin uplift. Applies the ancient landscape restoration technology to carve the late Permian Changxing Formation at the bottom of Feixianguan Formation, and finds the high point of deposition, which may be the more development area for Oolitic reservoir.②Using Statistical analysis on the logging data, get the Logging response of Oolitic reservoir is low P wave velocity, low S wave velocity, low density, low natural gamma, low vertical and horizontal velocity ratio, low Poisson ratio.③By analyzing seismic reflection structure, the Oolitic reservoir's performance on the seismic performance is low-frequency, clutter and middle or weak continuity, "bright spot" reflection characteristics of middle or strong reflection amplitude.④According to the logging and seismic reflection characteristics of the Oolitic reservoir, propose forecasting process proposed for the Oolitic reservoir, by comprehensive prediction with seismic attribute analysis, post-stack wave impedance inversion and other methods, recognize Feixianguan Formation oolitic reservoir gradual change from a reservoir of the platform edge for the upper and lower reservoirs, and toward the platform with the amplitude weak trend (reservoir variation), and predicts the favorable development for Feixianguan Oolitic reservoir.⑤Through the logging intersection of two parameters of multi-parameters can significantly distinguish gas layer and dry layer, water layer and the dry layer, though the boundary of gas layer and water layer is not obvious and is some overlapping, the intersection distinction of P-wave and the high sensitivity fluid identification factor(HSFIF) is best.⑥applying Elastic Parameters Inversion of Prestack, AVO Attribute Analysis, Two Parameters Intersection Analysis and other methods, predict the range of the Oolitic beach gas reservoirs and its time thickness.
In summary, applying the above methods can better predict the scope of the distribution of favorable Oolitic reservoir and Oolitic reservoir containing fluid situation. Accordingly, for the future drilling deployment provides a more reliable evidence in order to reduce drilling risk.
引文
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