自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机设计及驱动控制研究
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摘要
随着电力电子器件的发展和永磁材料性能的不断提高,无刷直流电机的技术优势逐渐凸显,近年来在各种驱动、伺服和控制领域得到了迅速的推广应用。尤其值得指出的是,我国稀土资源丰富,稀土磁钢生产已达到国际先进水平,如果充分利用和发挥我国这方面的优势,大力发展稀土永磁电机,形成无刷直流电动机系列产品,将对提高我国机电产品在国际市场的竞争力,具有战略意义。自动门是利用执行电机来带动其机械系统实现开关门的一种高科技机电一体化产品。本课题以自动门为应用背景,研究开发驱动自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机。
本文对无刷直流电机及其相关技术的发展、现状和趋势进行了比较全面的阐述,在此基础上,详细分析了永磁无刷直流电动机的结构、组成及运行原理,研究了无刷直流电机的电磁设计方法。
为更好的阐明设计思路,详细分析了永磁无刷直流电动机系统运行在单流、换流模式的情况,给出了拓扑电路及其等效电路方程。同时提出了一套驱动自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机的设计方案,根据这套方案建立了基于场路耦合时步有限元法的无刷直流电机的仿真模型,并进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该方案在理论上的可行性。
在理论研究的基础之上,根据自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机系统的使用要求,设计研制了无刷直流电动机系统的控制器,给出了由PIC16F77开发的无刷直流电动机控制器最小系统详细的硬件和软件结构,并对样机进行了性能测试试验,试验结果达到了预期的要求,证实了本文所采用的电机设计方法的合理性和可靠性。
With the dramatic improvement of power electronics and permanent-magnet materials,the BLDC motors have taken great development,and been applied in kinds of driven,servo and control system.Furthermore,our country has rich rare-earth resources,and manufacture of rare-earth magnet steels has already reached international standards.It has strategic significance that the competitive power of our country's mechanical and electrical products will be enhanced in international markets,if fully utilizing and exerting our advantages in this field,and developing rare-earth permanent-magnet motors to form a series of products of BLDC motor.The automatic door is a kind of high-tech machine electricity product,which carries out the open-and-close door with the electrical machine to control the mechanical system of the automatic door.On the background of the automatic door system,the permanent-magnet BLDC motor is researched and developed.
In this paper,the developing status and trend of the BLDC motor and it's relative technologies in home and abroad is expatiated in detail.Then, the configuration and composing of the BLDC motor is introduced,and the basic operation theory for BLDC motor is analyzed.The method of electromagnetic designing BLDC motor is researched.
In order to better clarify the artificial heart design of the driving motor, the topological circuit is first detailed and equivalent circuit equation of BLDC motor were discussed under single-flow and inversion mode. Meanwhile,a design strategy is put forward to drive the permanent-magnet BLDC motor.With the adoption of the circuit-field coupled time-stepping finite element method,finite element software is used for iron core and gap magnetic field calculation.The simulation model of the BLDC motor is established and the simulation waveforms of the motor are acquired.The simulation results proved the feasibility of the above strategy in the theory.
Based on the theoretical research and according to the system requirements,the design of the controller for the BLDCM and PIC BLDCM minimum system(concluded hard and soft part) which is done adopting PIC16F77 as the key chip are given in this dissertation.Finally, the no-load electromotive force and load experiments of prototype are performed.The experimental measurement results show that the expected purposes are achieved,so the rationality and reliability of the adopted method in this thesis are verified.
本文对无刷直流电机及其相关技术的发展、现状和趋势进行了比较全面的阐述,在此基础上,详细分析了永磁无刷直流电动机的结构、组成及运行原理,研究了无刷直流电机的电磁设计方法。
为更好的阐明设计思路,详细分析了永磁无刷直流电动机系统运行在单流、换流模式的情况,给出了拓扑电路及其等效电路方程。同时提出了一套驱动自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机的设计方案,根据这套方案建立了基于场路耦合时步有限元法的无刷直流电机的仿真模型,并进行了仿真分析,仿真结果验证了该方案在理论上的可行性。
在理论研究的基础之上,根据自动门用永磁无刷直流电动机系统的使用要求,设计研制了无刷直流电动机系统的控制器,给出了由PIC16F77开发的无刷直流电动机控制器最小系统详细的硬件和软件结构,并对样机进行了性能测试试验,试验结果达到了预期的要求,证实了本文所采用的电机设计方法的合理性和可靠性。
With the dramatic improvement of power electronics and permanent-magnet materials,the BLDC motors have taken great development,and been applied in kinds of driven,servo and control system.Furthermore,our country has rich rare-earth resources,and manufacture of rare-earth magnet steels has already reached international standards.It has strategic significance that the competitive power of our country's mechanical and electrical products will be enhanced in international markets,if fully utilizing and exerting our advantages in this field,and developing rare-earth permanent-magnet motors to form a series of products of BLDC motor.The automatic door is a kind of high-tech machine electricity product,which carries out the open-and-close door with the electrical machine to control the mechanical system of the automatic door.On the background of the automatic door system,the permanent-magnet BLDC motor is researched and developed.
In this paper,the developing status and trend of the BLDC motor and it's relative technologies in home and abroad is expatiated in detail.Then, the configuration and composing of the BLDC motor is introduced,and the basic operation theory for BLDC motor is analyzed.The method of electromagnetic designing BLDC motor is researched.
In order to better clarify the artificial heart design of the driving motor, the topological circuit is first detailed and equivalent circuit equation of BLDC motor were discussed under single-flow and inversion mode. Meanwhile,a design strategy is put forward to drive the permanent-magnet BLDC motor.With the adoption of the circuit-field coupled time-stepping finite element method,finite element software is used for iron core and gap magnetic field calculation.The simulation model of the BLDC motor is established and the simulation waveforms of the motor are acquired.The simulation results proved the feasibility of the above strategy in the theory.
Based on the theoretical research and according to the system requirements,the design of the controller for the BLDCM and PIC BLDCM minimum system(concluded hard and soft part) which is done adopting PIC16F77 as the key chip are given in this dissertation.Finally, the no-load electromotive force and load experiments of prototype are performed.The experimental measurement results show that the expected purposes are achieved,so the rationality and reliability of the adopted method in this thesis are verified.
引文
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