B对电解加Zr耐热电工铝合金组织及性能影响的研究
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摘要
适量Zr的加入能明显改善铝合金的耐热性能,但是Zr的加入会对合金的导电性产生负面影响。目前的研究结果认为:在耐热导电合金中加入B能削弱Zr对合金导电性的不良影响。不同的研究者认为B对耐热导电铝合金导电性能的影响机理不尽相同;有报道称耐热导电铝合金中B的加入对Zr的相组成和存在形态产生影响,从而削弱Zr对合金导电性产生的不良作用。
本文主要研究了添加不同含量的B对含Zr耐热导电铝合金微观组织与性能的影响。研究结果对含Zr耐热导电铝合金的推广应用具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。研究表明:
1.合金中添加的B不过量时,即控制含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入的B在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,添加的B与合金中的Zr形成ZrB_2化合物,ZrB_2不能作为Al原子的形核中心,因此它不会对合金产生晶粒细化作用,不会增加晶界,从而对合金的导电性不会产生负面影响。过量B的加入对含Zr铝合金有一定的晶粒细化效果,但它可能会对合金的耐热性和导电性产生负面影响。
2.铝合金浸蚀后的粉状残余物的XRD测试及SEM分析结果表明,在不含B合金试样的粉状残余物中的Zr大多是以细小弥散的絮状Al_3Zr相存在的;而在含B合金试样中则出现了ZrB_2粒子,说明B的加入与合金中的部分Zr发生反应,形成片状的ZrB_2,以第二相粒子的形态析出。
3.铝合金铸态试样的SEM分析结果表明,在不含B试样中没有发现含Zr的第二相粒子析出,合金中的Zr主要是以固溶态存在于Al基体中,基本不以第二相粒子的形态存在。而在含B的合金试样中,在晶粒内部和晶界处均出现了含Zr第二相粒子,大量含Zr的第二相粒子以细小板片状团聚在晶界处。
4.在含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入适量的B能提高导线的抗拉强度,同时能够消弱Zr对导线导电性产生的负面影响;但过量B的加入会使导线的导电性降低,要控制含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入的B在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,此时铝合金导线达到最佳的使用性能。
5.适量B的加入与合金中的Zr反应,生成ZrB_2析出,增加了合金中的第二相粒子,使合金的高温强度提高,改善了合金的耐热性;但添加B的不宜过量,要控制在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,当合金中加入的B过量,超过Zr∶B=1∶2时,会使合金的高温强度降低,使合金的耐热性变差。
The heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding appropriate amount of Zr,However,the addition of Zr alloy has a negative effect on the conductivity of the alloy.Studies shows that the adverse effects of Zr on electrical conductivity can be weakened by adding B into the alloy.It is believed that the mechanism of the influence of B addition on the heat conductive properties is different from that of Zr addition.It had been reported that the addition of B in heat-conductive aluminum alloy affects the phase composition and the morphology of Zr,thus weakens the adverse effects on alloy conductivity by the addition of Zr.
The effects on microstructure and properties of conductive heat-resistant aluminum alloy containing Zr by adding different content of B were studied in this paper.The results provide useful information for the design and application of the heat-conductive aluminum alloy with Zr both in theoretical and practical aspects.The experimental results are as follows:
(1) Controling the addition of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy containing Zr below the ratio of B:Zr=2:1,the B and Zr in the alloys form the compound of ZrB_2,ZrB_2 can not be used as the nucleation centers of Al atoms.Therefore it will not play a role in grain refinement,nor increasing the grain boundary.Thus it doesn't have a negative effect on the conductivity of the alloy.Excessive addition of B to alloy containing Zr refine the grain to some extent.However,it might have a negative influence on the conductivity and heat resistance of the alloy.
(2) The XRD and SEM results of etching residues of aluminum alloy show that, most Zr exists in a small dispersed floccus phase of Al_3Zr in residue powder sample of non-B alloy,while ZrB_2 particles appear in the samples of alloy containing B.It indicates the addition of B and part of the Zr in the alloy react,form flake-like ZrB_2, existing in the form of second-phase particles.
(3) The analysis on the SEM results of as cast aluminum alloy shows that there is no second phase particles containing Zr in the non-B samples.Zr mainly exists as solid solution in the Al matrix,not in the form of second-phase particles.While in the alloy containing B,the second-phase particles containing Zr were observed both in side the grain and at grain boundaries.A large number of second-phase particles containing Zr reunite as a small sheet at grain boundaries.
(4) Adding an appropriate amount of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire containing Zr can increase the tensile strength of the wire,and weaken the negative effect on the conductivity due to Zr addition.However,excessive addition of B would lead to lower conductivity.Hence,the addition of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy should be arranged under the ratio of B:Zr=2:1.The aluminum alloy wire achieves the best performance at this specific ratio.
(5)The appropriate amount of B,can react with Zr in the alloy,precipitated in the form of ZrB_2,as the second-phase particles,improving the high temperature strength,and the heat-resistant of the alloys.However,the addition of B should be controlled below the ratio of B:Zr=2:1,because the excessive B reduces the high-temperature strength,and the heat resistance of the alloy.
本文主要研究了添加不同含量的B对含Zr耐热导电铝合金微观组织与性能的影响。研究结果对含Zr耐热导电铝合金的推广应用具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。研究表明:
1.合金中添加的B不过量时,即控制含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入的B在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,添加的B与合金中的Zr形成ZrB_2化合物,ZrB_2不能作为Al原子的形核中心,因此它不会对合金产生晶粒细化作用,不会增加晶界,从而对合金的导电性不会产生负面影响。过量B的加入对含Zr铝合金有一定的晶粒细化效果,但它可能会对合金的耐热性和导电性产生负面影响。
2.铝合金浸蚀后的粉状残余物的XRD测试及SEM分析结果表明,在不含B合金试样的粉状残余物中的Zr大多是以细小弥散的絮状Al_3Zr相存在的;而在含B合金试样中则出现了ZrB_2粒子,说明B的加入与合金中的部分Zr发生反应,形成片状的ZrB_2,以第二相粒子的形态析出。
3.铝合金铸态试样的SEM分析结果表明,在不含B试样中没有发现含Zr的第二相粒子析出,合金中的Zr主要是以固溶态存在于Al基体中,基本不以第二相粒子的形态存在。而在含B的合金试样中,在晶粒内部和晶界处均出现了含Zr第二相粒子,大量含Zr的第二相粒子以细小板片状团聚在晶界处。
4.在含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入适量的B能提高导线的抗拉强度,同时能够消弱Zr对导线导电性产生的负面影响;但过量B的加入会使导线的导电性降低,要控制含Zr耐热铝合金导线中加入的B在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,此时铝合金导线达到最佳的使用性能。
5.适量B的加入与合金中的Zr反应,生成ZrB_2析出,增加了合金中的第二相粒子,使合金的高温强度提高,改善了合金的耐热性;但添加B的不宜过量,要控制在Zr∶B=1∶2的范围内,当合金中加入的B过量,超过Zr∶B=1∶2时,会使合金的高温强度降低,使合金的耐热性变差。
The heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved by adding appropriate amount of Zr,However,the addition of Zr alloy has a negative effect on the conductivity of the alloy.Studies shows that the adverse effects of Zr on electrical conductivity can be weakened by adding B into the alloy.It is believed that the mechanism of the influence of B addition on the heat conductive properties is different from that of Zr addition.It had been reported that the addition of B in heat-conductive aluminum alloy affects the phase composition and the morphology of Zr,thus weakens the adverse effects on alloy conductivity by the addition of Zr.
The effects on microstructure and properties of conductive heat-resistant aluminum alloy containing Zr by adding different content of B were studied in this paper.The results provide useful information for the design and application of the heat-conductive aluminum alloy with Zr both in theoretical and practical aspects.The experimental results are as follows:
(1) Controling the addition of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy containing Zr below the ratio of B:Zr=2:1,the B and Zr in the alloys form the compound of ZrB_2,ZrB_2 can not be used as the nucleation centers of Al atoms.Therefore it will not play a role in grain refinement,nor increasing the grain boundary.Thus it doesn't have a negative effect on the conductivity of the alloy.Excessive addition of B to alloy containing Zr refine the grain to some extent.However,it might have a negative influence on the conductivity and heat resistance of the alloy.
(2) The XRD and SEM results of etching residues of aluminum alloy show that, most Zr exists in a small dispersed floccus phase of Al_3Zr in residue powder sample of non-B alloy,while ZrB_2 particles appear in the samples of alloy containing B.It indicates the addition of B and part of the Zr in the alloy react,form flake-like ZrB_2, existing in the form of second-phase particles.
(3) The analysis on the SEM results of as cast aluminum alloy shows that there is no second phase particles containing Zr in the non-B samples.Zr mainly exists as solid solution in the Al matrix,not in the form of second-phase particles.While in the alloy containing B,the second-phase particles containing Zr were observed both in side the grain and at grain boundaries.A large number of second-phase particles containing Zr reunite as a small sheet at grain boundaries.
(4) Adding an appropriate amount of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire containing Zr can increase the tensile strength of the wire,and weaken the negative effect on the conductivity due to Zr addition.However,excessive addition of B would lead to lower conductivity.Hence,the addition of B to the heat-resistant aluminum alloy should be arranged under the ratio of B:Zr=2:1.The aluminum alloy wire achieves the best performance at this specific ratio.
(5)The appropriate amount of B,can react with Zr in the alloy,precipitated in the form of ZrB_2,as the second-phase particles,improving the high temperature strength,and the heat-resistant of the alloys.However,the addition of B should be controlled below the ratio of B:Zr=2:1,because the excessive B reduces the high-temperature strength,and the heat resistance of the alloy.
引文
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