白象山复杂富水铁矿突水风险综合分析与评价
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摘要
复杂富水铁矿在开发过程中,时常伴随着突水灾害的发生,如何有效防治日益突出的矿井突水灾害成为亟待解决的难题。本论文即依托国家“十一五”科技支撑项目“复杂富水矿床开采关键技术开发与研究”(编号：2006BAB02A01),在对典型复杂富水铁矿区一白象山铁矿的复杂水文地质条件进行深入系统剖析的基础上,运用模糊数学方法对矿区三个主要开拓水平(-495m、-450m和-390m)的突水风险进行了分区综合评价研究,并利用FLAC3D流固耦合数值模拟软件建立了渗流条件下矿山“采场围岩系统”的三维数值模型,探索和研究了采场结构参数的优化确定以及不同埋深、不同地应力和不同顶板厚度条件下的采场顶板稳定性和突水风险性的影响作用规律,得到了一些有益的结论和成果,为该类富水矿床的地下水灾害防治工作提供了理论和实践上的指导作用。主要研究内容及其成果如下：
(1)在对白象山铁矿突水风险影响因素综合分析的基础上,运用模糊数学方法,建立了矿区突水风险评价的模型,对突水风险进行了分区综合分析与评价,确定了矿床-495m、-450m和-390m三个水平的突水风险变化规律,绘制了白象山铁矿矿区-495m、-450m和-390m三个水平的突水风险分区评价图。
(2)基于三维有限差分多孔介质流固耦合理论,结合白象山铁矿具体情况,以下层局部疏干条件下的带压充填开采为背景,选取4线以北、7线以南的“天窗”下部矿体的开采作为评价地质模型,建立了渗流条件下矿山“采场围岩系统”的三维数值模型。并根据正交试验设计的方法制定了不同采场跨度、进路宽度、分层开采高度和充填体强度类型的四因素三水平9个采场结构参数开采模拟方案,选取顶板最大沉降量、顶板受到的最大拉应力和顶板塑性区最大破坏高度作为评价采场顶板稳定性的指标,通过对不同方案模拟结果的分析确定了最佳的采场结构参数开采方案。
(3)基于优化确定的采场结构参数开采条件,通过对不同埋深、不同角岩化砂页岩顶板厚度和不同侧压力系数条件下的采场顶板稳定性数值模拟研究,探索和分析了不同埋深、顶板厚度和侧压力系数对采场顶板稳定性和突水风险性影响规律。
(4)在突水风险评价和数值模拟研究所取得的成果基础上,结合白象山铁矿的具体情况,探讨了矿区主要水文地质问题的总体防治对策与措施,并针对白象山铁矿主要面临的具体水害,选取开拓巷道遇导水断层破碎带的突水防治问题、“天窗”下矿体带压开采顶板失稳与突水防治问题和不良封堵钻孔突水防治问题三个具体的水害问题进行分析和探讨了其危害现状与作用规律,并结合已有关于这些问题的研究成果与认识,探索和总结了适合白象山铁矿具体情况的有效防治手段与措施。
The construction and mining of a complicated water-rich iron mine is often endangered by water-inrush geologic hazards. So, the water-inrush is a difficult problem which desiderates to be solved effectively as soon as possible. Relying on the "the development and study on the crucial technology of exploring the complicated water-rich mine" (NO. 2006BAB02A01), one of the national "11th Five-Year" science and technology supporting projects, on the basis of systematical deep analysis of the geohydrologic conditions in the typical complicated iron mine of Baixiangshan, the thesis has applied the fuzzy mathematics method to the comprehensive evaluation research on the partition of inrush risk of the horizontal developing tunnels(-495m,-450m and-390m) of the mining area, and established "The system of surrounding strata in stope" of the the mining area by the numerical simulation software of fluid-solid coupling mode of FLAC3D. The system is a three dimensional numerical model under the condition of seepage conditions. The thesis has explored and studied the optimization methods of stope structure parameters, and the stope roof stability under the condition of different buried depth, different earth pressure and different roof thickness, as well as the influential action laws of inrush risk. The above research can provide the theoretical and practical help for prevention and control ground water of the water-rich deposit. The main works and contents are as fllowed:
(1) On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of effect factors of the inrush risk, fuzzy mathematics methods are used to establish the model of water-inrush risk assessment,and the synthetical analysis and evaluation are performed. So,the variation laws of water-inrush risk of the three levels (-495m,-450m and-390m) has been ascertained, and subarea evolution maps have been completed.
(2) Based on the fluid-solid coupling mode of 3D-dimensional finite-difference codes method for fluid flow in porous media, combining with the specific complexions, on the background of backfill.mining under pressure under the condition of local drainage in underlayer, orebody mining under the "scuttle", which is between north of the exploration line 4 and south of the exploration line 7, is abstracted as the geologic model, and "The system of surrounding strata in stope" of the the mining area, which is a three dimensional numerical model under the condition of seepage conditions, is set up. According to the orthogonal experimental design methods, the mining Simulation Solutions of nine stope structural parameters, which are confirmation of different mining spans, access widths, Layered mining heights and type of filling mass, are formulated. The valuation of the stability of the mining roof is marked by the largest settlement, the maximum tension stress and the failure height of the plastic zone. Finally, the best solution is confirmed by different simulated results.
(3) Based on the mining conditions of the optimized and determined stope structure parameters, in different depth (head pressure and vertical stress), on different roof thickness of angular rock of sandstone and lateral pressure coefficient condition that numerical simulation study of stability of the stope, and quested and analyzed the influence of defferent burial depth, thickness of the stope and lateral pressure coefficient on stability and water risk.
(4) Based on the achievement in the water-risk evaluation and numerical simulation study, combined with the particular case of Baixiangshan iron, discussion and proposed a mainly hydrogeological problems of general prevention measures and measures in mining area. And to direct at the Baixiangshan iron that mainly faced with specific flood, selected roadways and ore mining in water broken fault zone of gushing water cure problems, in the "scuttle " that the mining exploration under pressure, the roof instability, gushing water cure problems and adverse plugging holes of the water control on three specific water issues, analysis and discusses its role of current situation and discipline, and with regard to these problems of research results and knowledge, to explore and summarizes for the Baixiangshan iron ore to the specific situation of effective prevention methods and measures.
(1)在对白象山铁矿突水风险影响因素综合分析的基础上,运用模糊数学方法,建立了矿区突水风险评价的模型,对突水风险进行了分区综合分析与评价,确定了矿床-495m、-450m和-390m三个水平的突水风险变化规律,绘制了白象山铁矿矿区-495m、-450m和-390m三个水平的突水风险分区评价图。
(2)基于三维有限差分多孔介质流固耦合理论,结合白象山铁矿具体情况,以下层局部疏干条件下的带压充填开采为背景,选取4线以北、7线以南的“天窗”下部矿体的开采作为评价地质模型,建立了渗流条件下矿山“采场围岩系统”的三维数值模型。并根据正交试验设计的方法制定了不同采场跨度、进路宽度、分层开采高度和充填体强度类型的四因素三水平9个采场结构参数开采模拟方案,选取顶板最大沉降量、顶板受到的最大拉应力和顶板塑性区最大破坏高度作为评价采场顶板稳定性的指标,通过对不同方案模拟结果的分析确定了最佳的采场结构参数开采方案。
(3)基于优化确定的采场结构参数开采条件,通过对不同埋深、不同角岩化砂页岩顶板厚度和不同侧压力系数条件下的采场顶板稳定性数值模拟研究,探索和分析了不同埋深、顶板厚度和侧压力系数对采场顶板稳定性和突水风险性影响规律。
(4)在突水风险评价和数值模拟研究所取得的成果基础上,结合白象山铁矿的具体情况,探讨了矿区主要水文地质问题的总体防治对策与措施,并针对白象山铁矿主要面临的具体水害,选取开拓巷道遇导水断层破碎带的突水防治问题、“天窗”下矿体带压开采顶板失稳与突水防治问题和不良封堵钻孔突水防治问题三个具体的水害问题进行分析和探讨了其危害现状与作用规律,并结合已有关于这些问题的研究成果与认识,探索和总结了适合白象山铁矿具体情况的有效防治手段与措施。
The construction and mining of a complicated water-rich iron mine is often endangered by water-inrush geologic hazards. So, the water-inrush is a difficult problem which desiderates to be solved effectively as soon as possible. Relying on the "the development and study on the crucial technology of exploring the complicated water-rich mine" (NO. 2006BAB02A01), one of the national "11th Five-Year" science and technology supporting projects, on the basis of systematical deep analysis of the geohydrologic conditions in the typical complicated iron mine of Baixiangshan, the thesis has applied the fuzzy mathematics method to the comprehensive evaluation research on the partition of inrush risk of the horizontal developing tunnels(-495m,-450m and-390m) of the mining area, and established "The system of surrounding strata in stope" of the the mining area by the numerical simulation software of fluid-solid coupling mode of FLAC3D. The system is a three dimensional numerical model under the condition of seepage conditions. The thesis has explored and studied the optimization methods of stope structure parameters, and the stope roof stability under the condition of different buried depth, different earth pressure and different roof thickness, as well as the influential action laws of inrush risk. The above research can provide the theoretical and practical help for prevention and control ground water of the water-rich deposit. The main works and contents are as fllowed:
(1) On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of effect factors of the inrush risk, fuzzy mathematics methods are used to establish the model of water-inrush risk assessment,and the synthetical analysis and evaluation are performed. So,the variation laws of water-inrush risk of the three levels (-495m,-450m and-390m) has been ascertained, and subarea evolution maps have been completed.
(2) Based on the fluid-solid coupling mode of 3D-dimensional finite-difference codes method for fluid flow in porous media, combining with the specific complexions, on the background of backfill.mining under pressure under the condition of local drainage in underlayer, orebody mining under the "scuttle", which is between north of the exploration line 4 and south of the exploration line 7, is abstracted as the geologic model, and "The system of surrounding strata in stope" of the the mining area, which is a three dimensional numerical model under the condition of seepage conditions, is set up. According to the orthogonal experimental design methods, the mining Simulation Solutions of nine stope structural parameters, which are confirmation of different mining spans, access widths, Layered mining heights and type of filling mass, are formulated. The valuation of the stability of the mining roof is marked by the largest settlement, the maximum tension stress and the failure height of the plastic zone. Finally, the best solution is confirmed by different simulated results.
(3) Based on the mining conditions of the optimized and determined stope structure parameters, in different depth (head pressure and vertical stress), on different roof thickness of angular rock of sandstone and lateral pressure coefficient condition that numerical simulation study of stability of the stope, and quested and analyzed the influence of defferent burial depth, thickness of the stope and lateral pressure coefficient on stability and water risk.
(4) Based on the achievement in the water-risk evaluation and numerical simulation study, combined with the particular case of Baixiangshan iron, discussion and proposed a mainly hydrogeological problems of general prevention measures and measures in mining area. And to direct at the Baixiangshan iron that mainly faced with specific flood, selected roadways and ore mining in water broken fault zone of gushing water cure problems, in the "scuttle " that the mining exploration under pressure, the roof instability, gushing water cure problems and adverse plugging holes of the water control on three specific water issues, analysis and discusses its role of current situation and discipline, and with regard to these problems of research results and knowledge, to explore and summarizes for the Baixiangshan iron ore to the specific situation of effective prevention methods and measures.
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