沿海农村住房抗台风地理信息系统研究与实现
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摘要
台风是世界上破坏性极大的自然灾害之一。我国所处的西北太平洋地区是台风发生频繁的地区,每年6月到9月,西行路径和西北行路径台风登陆浙江,对沿海农村住房产生重大的影响。我国的抗台风工作基本是以防为主,防、抗、救相结合,但这种以预防为主的抗台方法存在着许多不足,制定防风预案存在盲目性,直观性和可视性差,不能动态显示台风影响的农村住房范围和受灾等级程度等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出了研制沿海农村住房抗台风地理信息系统的解决方案,并对这一系统的构建进行了深入研究和初步的实现。
本文从沿海农村住房结构入手,对普通沿海农房住房结构进行抽象和简化,并对房屋结构各个部件进行受力分析,确定影响其抗风能力的主要因子。然后与统计分析数据相结合,分析计算各个影响因子的权重值,确定房屋在台风来临时的三种临界状态值,通过加权平均法建立了受力分析与统计分析相结合的农村住房抗台风受力等级模型。在此基础上,对农村住房信息和台风基本信息数据的概括和提取,设计了较为完善的数据概念模型。通过系统体系结构设计、数据结构设计和功能模块设计,将这些概念模型应用于沿海农村住房抗台风地理信息系统的设计和实现中。
通过本文的研究,建立了受力分析与统计分析相结合的农村住房抗台风受力等级模型,设计了较为完整的农村住房抗台风集成概念模型和属性数据结构,并通过编程实现了系统的基本功能模块。通过系统中的倒塌分析模块,可以对不同等级台风对农村住房的影响进行分析和直观显示,从而实现了本文的研究目的。
Typhoon is one of the most destructive disasters in nature. China is located in the area of Northwest Pacific Ocean, Every June to September, West-path typhoon and Northwest-path typhoon would sweep across the Zhejiang province, bring significant influence to the Coastal rural houses, and it lead to large numbers of houses collapsed and people transferred. In our country Anti-Typhoon practices combine precaution, resistance and reconstruction, and emphasis on precaution. But the precaution practices exist many problems: the decision-making is blindness, Intuitive and poor visibility, can’t dynamic display the range of rural houses influenced by typhoon and the different grade damaged situation. According to these problems, this paper propose the solution, which is to develop the Coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon Geographic Information System, and make a intensive study on how to construct this system.
The paper started research on the structure of Coastal rural houses, simplifid the structure of common rural houses, and carried on stress-analysis for each part of houses, picked up the main factors which influence the Anti-Typhoon ability of houses. Then combined the statistic data, computed weight value for each influenced factor, fixed the three critical state values of houses, through the weighted average method the writer established coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon stress-level model which combined statistic analysis method and stress analysis method. Basic the model, generalized coastal rural houses information and typhoon information, designed more integrity concept model. Through the system structure design, data structure design and function module design, applied the concept model to the design of Coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon Geographic Information System.
With the study mentioned above, the writer established coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon stress-level model which combined statistic analysis method and stress analysis method, designed more integrity concept model and attribute data structure, programmed the system basic function module. The collapsed analysis module can analyze the different influences for coastal rural house, and show the results more visible, achieved the main purpose of this paper.
本文从沿海农村住房结构入手,对普通沿海农房住房结构进行抽象和简化,并对房屋结构各个部件进行受力分析,确定影响其抗风能力的主要因子。然后与统计分析数据相结合,分析计算各个影响因子的权重值,确定房屋在台风来临时的三种临界状态值,通过加权平均法建立了受力分析与统计分析相结合的农村住房抗台风受力等级模型。在此基础上,对农村住房信息和台风基本信息数据的概括和提取,设计了较为完善的数据概念模型。通过系统体系结构设计、数据结构设计和功能模块设计,将这些概念模型应用于沿海农村住房抗台风地理信息系统的设计和实现中。
通过本文的研究,建立了受力分析与统计分析相结合的农村住房抗台风受力等级模型,设计了较为完整的农村住房抗台风集成概念模型和属性数据结构,并通过编程实现了系统的基本功能模块。通过系统中的倒塌分析模块,可以对不同等级台风对农村住房的影响进行分析和直观显示,从而实现了本文的研究目的。
Typhoon is one of the most destructive disasters in nature. China is located in the area of Northwest Pacific Ocean, Every June to September, West-path typhoon and Northwest-path typhoon would sweep across the Zhejiang province, bring significant influence to the Coastal rural houses, and it lead to large numbers of houses collapsed and people transferred. In our country Anti-Typhoon practices combine precaution, resistance and reconstruction, and emphasis on precaution. But the precaution practices exist many problems: the decision-making is blindness, Intuitive and poor visibility, can’t dynamic display the range of rural houses influenced by typhoon and the different grade damaged situation. According to these problems, this paper propose the solution, which is to develop the Coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon Geographic Information System, and make a intensive study on how to construct this system.
The paper started research on the structure of Coastal rural houses, simplifid the structure of common rural houses, and carried on stress-analysis for each part of houses, picked up the main factors which influence the Anti-Typhoon ability of houses. Then combined the statistic data, computed weight value for each influenced factor, fixed the three critical state values of houses, through the weighted average method the writer established coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon stress-level model which combined statistic analysis method and stress analysis method. Basic the model, generalized coastal rural houses information and typhoon information, designed more integrity concept model. Through the system structure design, data structure design and function module design, applied the concept model to the design of Coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon Geographic Information System.
With the study mentioned above, the writer established coastal rural houses Anti-Typhoon stress-level model which combined statistic analysis method and stress analysis method, designed more integrity concept model and attribute data structure, programmed the system basic function module. The collapsed analysis module can analyze the different influences for coastal rural house, and show the results more visible, achieved the main purpose of this paper.
引文
[1]金传达.台风[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979
[2]李松平,娄伟平,吴利红.2005年浙江省台风灾害特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(11):3208-3209
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[5]张文渊.我国防台风工作中存在的问题及对策[J].中国减灾,1999,9(4):38-39
[6] Gary Y.K. Chock. Modeling of hurricane damage for Hawaii residential construction[J]. Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,2005,93:603-622
[7]李曾中,贾秀峨,邵俊年.对江浙登陆台风的研究[J].气象,19(6):8-10
[8]王正德,袁君兵,王佳音,钟海兵.沿海农房防台减灾预警集成系统的构建与探讨[J].计算机时代,2006,(5):34-35
[9] Chuanzheng LIU,Yanhui LIU,Mingsheng WEN,et al. Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China [J]. Global Geology,2006,9(2):134-137
[10] Ming XU. Experiences from the Practices of Reducing Typhoon Disasters in East China[R]. Shanghai: Third International Conference on Early Warning, 2005
[11]郭守月,冯克成等.借助单摆阻尼振动实验解释台风掀屋顶现象[J].大学物理实验,2006,19(1):32-33
[12]杨惠民.沿海农村建房必须增强抗台意识[J].住宅科技,1994,11:26-27
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[14]高树宏.台风对民房的危害及预防措施[J].中华建设,2008,(3):92-93
[15]葛学礼,李玉萍.村镇房屋的风暴作用及其抗御技术措施[J].维普资讯http://www.cqvip.com
[16]金伟,阮连法,胡勇,洪庆胜.台风作用下建筑结构的可靠性评估[J].自然灾害学报,1999,8(1):108-110
[17]朱孔伟,梁斌.基于MapObject的GIS台风预报功能的开发[J].科技咨询,2007,25:13-14
[18]江春发,王仁谦.用GIS技术建立台风跟踪预警系统[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(1):60-62
[19]张斌,陈海燕,顾骏强.基于GIS的台风灾害评估系统设计开发[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):48-49
[20] CHANG Liang,DUAN Zhong-dong,OU Jin-pin. GIS applications in typhoon simulation and Hazard assessment[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2005,12(4):383-386
[21]邹亮,任爱珠,张新.基于GIS的灾害疏散模拟及救援调度[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(6):142-145
[22] Brian E.Lee.低矮建筑的风荷载[J].维普资讯http://www.cqvip.com
[23]陈水福,吕少琳.低层双坡房屋屋面风荷载的数值研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(10):1738-1742
[24]孙智一,吴晓蓉,宋佳明.建筑结构的设计风荷载取值[J].水利科技与经济,2004,10(6):338-339
[25]林苗,郑江.建筑物的台风荷载设计方法探讨[J].广西电力工程,1996,3:1-2
[26]梁方.我国村镇低矮房屋风压数值模拟及抗风设计研究[D].河北工业大学,2006:37-43
[27]郝力.城市地理信息系统及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2002年.
[28]龚健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].科学出版社,2001年.
[29]陆汉权.计算机科学导论[M].浙江大学出版社,2003年:13-15
[30]骆耀祖.计算机导论[M].华南理工大学出版社,2003年.
[31]杨达源,闾国年.自然灾害学[M].测绘出版社,1993年.
[32]许本安,李秀治.材料力学[M].上海交通大学出版社,1988年.
[33]郑有畛.结构力学[M].同济大学出版社,1995年.
[34] GB 50009-2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].2002年.
[35] GB 50003-2001砌体结构设计规范[S].2002年.
[36] JGJ 94-2008建筑桩基技术规范[S].2008年.
[37]朋改非.土木工程材料[M].华中科技大学出版社,2008年.
[38]华一新.地理信息系统原理与技术[M].武汉大学出版社,2001年.
[39]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现[M].电子工业出版社,2002年.
[40]邹逸江.客户机/服务器结构的地图数据库系统设计[J].测绘学报,1999,28(3):254-255
[41]肖.加兰.软件体系结构[M].清华大学出版社,2007年.
[42]理解组件式开发平台SuperMap Objects[EB/OL]北京超图软件股份有限公司,2008:1-7
[43]罗向欣.基于WebGIS的台风信息检索系统研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007
[44]陈联寿.中国台风灾害及台风登陆动力过程的研究[J].科技和产业,2002,2(2):51
[45] Sang-Ho Suh , Hyung-Woon Roh, et al. Application of computational techniques for studies of wind pressure coefficients around an odd-geometrical building[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,67&68:659-670
[2]李松平,娄伟平,吴利红.2005年浙江省台风灾害特征分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(11):3208-3209
[3]管康国.讨论从建筑角度加强农村住宅质量,提高民房抗台防灾能力[J].中国科技信息,2005,22:141
[4]缪齐贵.“破解”防风抗台难题[J].中国减灾,2007,11:34-35
[5]张文渊.我国防台风工作中存在的问题及对策[J].中国减灾,1999,9(4):38-39
[6] Gary Y.K. Chock. Modeling of hurricane damage for Hawaii residential construction[J]. Journal of Wind Engineeringand Industrial Aerodynamics,2005,93:603-622
[7]李曾中,贾秀峨,邵俊年.对江浙登陆台风的研究[J].气象,19(6):8-10
[8]王正德,袁君兵,王佳音,钟海兵.沿海农房防台减灾预警集成系统的构建与探讨[J].计算机时代,2006,(5):34-35
[9] Chuanzheng LIU,Yanhui LIU,Mingsheng WEN,et al. Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China [J]. Global Geology,2006,9(2):134-137
[10] Ming XU. Experiences from the Practices of Reducing Typhoon Disasters in East China[R]. Shanghai: Third International Conference on Early Warning, 2005
[11]郭守月,冯克成等.借助单摆阻尼振动实验解释台风掀屋顶现象[J].大学物理实验,2006,19(1):32-33
[12]杨惠民.沿海农村建房必须增强抗台意识[J].住宅科技,1994,11:26-27
[13]李伟国,丁珊胭,杨美仙.“云娜”台风对民房危害的特征分析[J].浙江建筑,2007,24(8):14-16
[14]高树宏.台风对民房的危害及预防措施[J].中华建设,2008,(3):92-93
[15]葛学礼,李玉萍.村镇房屋的风暴作用及其抗御技术措施[J].维普资讯http://www.cqvip.com
[16]金伟,阮连法,胡勇,洪庆胜.台风作用下建筑结构的可靠性评估[J].自然灾害学报,1999,8(1):108-110
[17]朱孔伟,梁斌.基于MapObject的GIS台风预报功能的开发[J].科技咨询,2007,25:13-14
[18]江春发,王仁谦.用GIS技术建立台风跟踪预警系统[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(1):60-62
[19]张斌,陈海燕,顾骏强.基于GIS的台风灾害评估系统设计开发[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):48-49
[20] CHANG Liang,DUAN Zhong-dong,OU Jin-pin. GIS applications in typhoon simulation and Hazard assessment[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2005,12(4):383-386
[21]邹亮,任爱珠,张新.基于GIS的灾害疏散模拟及救援调度[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(6):142-145
[22] Brian E.Lee.低矮建筑的风荷载[J].维普资讯http://www.cqvip.com
[23]陈水福,吕少琳.低层双坡房屋屋面风荷载的数值研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(10):1738-1742
[24]孙智一,吴晓蓉,宋佳明.建筑结构的设计风荷载取值[J].水利科技与经济,2004,10(6):338-339
[25]林苗,郑江.建筑物的台风荷载设计方法探讨[J].广西电力工程,1996,3:1-2
[26]梁方.我国村镇低矮房屋风压数值模拟及抗风设计研究[D].河北工业大学,2006:37-43
[27]郝力.城市地理信息系统及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2002年.
[28]龚健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].科学出版社,2001年.
[29]陆汉权.计算机科学导论[M].浙江大学出版社,2003年:13-15
[30]骆耀祖.计算机导论[M].华南理工大学出版社,2003年.
[31]杨达源,闾国年.自然灾害学[M].测绘出版社,1993年.
[32]许本安,李秀治.材料力学[M].上海交通大学出版社,1988年.
[33]郑有畛.结构力学[M].同济大学出版社,1995年.
[34] GB 50009-2001建筑结构荷载规范[S].2002年.
[35] GB 50003-2001砌体结构设计规范[S].2002年.
[36] JGJ 94-2008建筑桩基技术规范[S].2008年.
[37]朋改非.土木工程材料[M].华中科技大学出版社,2008年.
[38]华一新.地理信息系统原理与技术[M].武汉大学出版社,2001年.
[39]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现[M].电子工业出版社,2002年.
[40]邹逸江.客户机/服务器结构的地图数据库系统设计[J].测绘学报,1999,28(3):254-255
[41]肖.加兰.软件体系结构[M].清华大学出版社,2007年.
[42]理解组件式开发平台SuperMap Objects[EB/OL]北京超图软件股份有限公司,2008:1-7
[43]罗向欣.基于WebGIS的台风信息检索系统研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007
[44]陈联寿.中国台风灾害及台风登陆动力过程的研究[J].科技和产业,2002,2(2):51
[45] Sang-Ho Suh , Hyung-Woon Roh, et al. Application of computational techniques for studies of wind pressure coefficients around an odd-geometrical building[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1997,67&68:659-670
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