基于LABVIEW的矿用通风机测试系统特性的研究
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摘要
本文采用LABVIEW技术,并严格按照矿用通风机系统安全检验规范,在实验和理论分析的基础上,对原系统不断进行改进和扩充,完善了基于虚拟仪器的矿用通风机性能检测系统。在对系统特性进行研究的过程中,由于整个系统比较复杂,直接从整体上研究比较困难,因此将系统分为硬件和软件两部分分别进行研究,然后从串联系统的角度出发,利用控制理论的相关知识对整个系统的特性进行了研究和评价。最后通过实验,完成了风机静压的测试和风机性能曲线的绘制。实验结果表明,该系统能达到风机测试技术手册的相关要求,简化测试工作的同时提高了测试效率和测试的可靠性。因此,该系统具有一定的实用价值。
在硬件的研究过程中,首先面临硬件的选择问题,通过在西安煤检所的调研并结合我们的实际情况,对测试系统的硬件部分(测试各种参量的传感器和数据采集卡)进行了选型,并搭建了实验平台;其次在实验的基础上,利用最小二乘法对压力传感器进行了静态标定,并通过计算得出它的静态特性参数,最后利用标准信号发生器对其动态特性进行研究,得到压力传感器的动态特性方程,并计算了传感器动态响应参数。
在软件系统的研究过程中,以LABVIEW语言为基础,采用模块化、层次化的设计思想和面向对象的编程方法,进一步完善了通风机性能测试系统的软件;完善后的测试系统具备了风机单项性能测试、测试数据的处理和管理、通风机性能曲线的绘制及Word报表的生成等功能。另外,采用单位阶跃响应的方法对静压测试子程序进行试验,获得静压测试子程序的响应数据,依此建立系统的数学模型,利用Laplace变换的极限定理算法,估算出假设模型的参数,得出测试系统的模型;采用自相关函数检验法对假设模型进行检验,得到无论α= 0.01还是α= 0.05,两种情况计算值均小于χ2 m,α,所以ε( k)被认为是白噪声。该检验结果表明,对系统模型的阶次估计和参数估计是合理的。
综合以上结果,将传感器的动态模型与静压子程序的动态模型进行相乘,得到整个系统的数学模型:为一个比例环节与振荡环节的乘积,并利用控制理论对系统的稳定性、响应时间、工作频带、抗干扰性进行了研究。
最后,在实验室对通风机虚拟测试系统进行了实验,通过改变节流挡板的角度来改变通风机运行工况,并记录风机实验数据,绘制出通风机的性能曲线。将测试结果和常规仪器的测试结果进行对比,得出该系统的各项指标能够满足风机测试的要求。
The LABVIEW technology is adopted in this text, and strictly according to the standard of safety checking of mine fan system, Improve and expand the plain system unceasingly on the basic of experiment and theory-analysis, it is perfected with the function-check system of mine fan based on VI. In the research of system performance, it is very difficulty to research the system directly on the whole, because the entire system is very complicate, therefore in the process of research, The system is divided to two parts with the hardware and the software, then,from the angle of in-line system, making use of basic knowledge of control theory research and evaluate the performance of entire-system. Finally through the experiment, static-pressure testing and drawing of function-curve about fan are finished. The system is able to realize comprehensive testing of fan-performance, simplifying the job of testing, improving the safety of testing, therefore, This system has some utility value.
In the process of the hardware research, it is confronted with the problem of hardware chosen first, by our reality surveying in Xi'an coal institute and being tied our reality, it is selected to the hardware part (the sensor and data-collector of testing the various parameter of testing system experiment platform is built; secondly at the basic of experiment, Static state-curve of pressure sensor is drew with the way of minimum two multiplication. and calculate its parameters on static state. Finally, Its dynamic character is researched making use of the standard signal generator and get the dynamic state-equation of pressure sensor, calculating its dynamic response parameter.
With the programming language of LABVIEW, and adopting the design conception of modular、layering and the method of component oriented design, the software of fan performance inspecting-testing system was developed. The online monitoring of single performance parameter, the processing of acquired data and the management of data,, the protracting of the fan performance curve, the creating of Word-report and other functions, Besides, This paper experimented with unit-step response to static pressure testing program, obtained the response data of static pressure testing program, established the mathematic model of the system. Using the limits-theorem of the Laplace transformation, the parameters of the hypothesis model were imputed and getting the math-model of the system; the hypothesis model was tested by testing plan of the self-relation function, getting that: no matter whatαis 0.01 or 0.05,both of the result are less than theχ~2_(m ,α),soε( k) is viewed as white-noise. This result of testing indicating, the order-estimating and the parameter-estimating of the system model are rational.
According to above results, multiplying the sensor dynamic model and static pressure program model, it is the mathematic model of entire system, it is the product of proportional link and oscillating link ,and make use of control-theory to analyze its stability, response time, working band and anti-interference.
The experimental verification of the VI base fan test system was accomplished in the laboratory,Running condition of the fan is changed by changing the angle of baffle plate, and record the data of fan experiment. The performance curve of fan was also obtained. By comparing the testing result of VI and the testing result of common instrument, it is got that every kind of performance index of this system can satisfy the request of fan test.
在硬件的研究过程中,首先面临硬件的选择问题,通过在西安煤检所的调研并结合我们的实际情况,对测试系统的硬件部分(测试各种参量的传感器和数据采集卡)进行了选型,并搭建了实验平台;其次在实验的基础上,利用最小二乘法对压力传感器进行了静态标定,并通过计算得出它的静态特性参数,最后利用标准信号发生器对其动态特性进行研究,得到压力传感器的动态特性方程,并计算了传感器动态响应参数。
在软件系统的研究过程中,以LABVIEW语言为基础,采用模块化、层次化的设计思想和面向对象的编程方法,进一步完善了通风机性能测试系统的软件;完善后的测试系统具备了风机单项性能测试、测试数据的处理和管理、通风机性能曲线的绘制及Word报表的生成等功能。另外,采用单位阶跃响应的方法对静压测试子程序进行试验,获得静压测试子程序的响应数据,依此建立系统的数学模型,利用Laplace变换的极限定理算法,估算出假设模型的参数,得出测试系统的模型;采用自相关函数检验法对假设模型进行检验,得到无论α= 0.01还是α= 0.05,两种情况计算值均小于χ2 m,α,所以ε( k)被认为是白噪声。该检验结果表明,对系统模型的阶次估计和参数估计是合理的。
综合以上结果,将传感器的动态模型与静压子程序的动态模型进行相乘,得到整个系统的数学模型:为一个比例环节与振荡环节的乘积,并利用控制理论对系统的稳定性、响应时间、工作频带、抗干扰性进行了研究。
最后,在实验室对通风机虚拟测试系统进行了实验,通过改变节流挡板的角度来改变通风机运行工况,并记录风机实验数据,绘制出通风机的性能曲线。将测试结果和常规仪器的测试结果进行对比,得出该系统的各项指标能够满足风机测试的要求。
The LABVIEW technology is adopted in this text, and strictly according to the standard of safety checking of mine fan system, Improve and expand the plain system unceasingly on the basic of experiment and theory-analysis, it is perfected with the function-check system of mine fan based on VI. In the research of system performance, it is very difficulty to research the system directly on the whole, because the entire system is very complicate, therefore in the process of research, The system is divided to two parts with the hardware and the software, then,from the angle of in-line system, making use of basic knowledge of control theory research and evaluate the performance of entire-system. Finally through the experiment, static-pressure testing and drawing of function-curve about fan are finished. The system is able to realize comprehensive testing of fan-performance, simplifying the job of testing, improving the safety of testing, therefore, This system has some utility value.
In the process of the hardware research, it is confronted with the problem of hardware chosen first, by our reality surveying in Xi'an coal institute and being tied our reality, it is selected to the hardware part (the sensor and data-collector of testing the various parameter of testing system experiment platform is built; secondly at the basic of experiment, Static state-curve of pressure sensor is drew with the way of minimum two multiplication. and calculate its parameters on static state. Finally, Its dynamic character is researched making use of the standard signal generator and get the dynamic state-equation of pressure sensor, calculating its dynamic response parameter.
With the programming language of LABVIEW, and adopting the design conception of modular、layering and the method of component oriented design, the software of fan performance inspecting-testing system was developed. The online monitoring of single performance parameter, the processing of acquired data and the management of data,, the protracting of the fan performance curve, the creating of Word-report and other functions, Besides, This paper experimented with unit-step response to static pressure testing program, obtained the response data of static pressure testing program, established the mathematic model of the system. Using the limits-theorem of the Laplace transformation, the parameters of the hypothesis model were imputed and getting the math-model of the system; the hypothesis model was tested by testing plan of the self-relation function, getting that: no matter whatαis 0.01 or 0.05,both of the result are less than theχ~2_(m ,α),soε( k) is viewed as white-noise. This result of testing indicating, the order-estimating and the parameter-estimating of the system model are rational.
According to above results, multiplying the sensor dynamic model and static pressure program model, it is the mathematic model of entire system, it is the product of proportional link and oscillating link ,and make use of control-theory to analyze its stability, response time, working band and anti-interference.
The experimental verification of the VI base fan test system was accomplished in the laboratory,Running condition of the fan is changed by changing the angle of baffle plate, and record the data of fan experiment. The performance curve of fan was also obtained. By comparing the testing result of VI and the testing result of common instrument, it is got that every kind of performance index of this system can satisfy the request of fan test.
引文
[1] 沙毅,闻建龙编著. 泵与风机. 合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2005.8
[2] 巨广刚,周植鹏等,我国煤矿用局部通风机的现状及发展,国家煤矿防尘通风安全质量监督检验中心,2004(6)
[3] 胡生清,幸国全,未来的仪器仪表——虚拟仪器[J],国外电子测量技术,2000
[4] 秦树人,虚拟仪器及其最新发展[J],振动、测试与诊断,2000(20)
[5] 张福旺,杨江锋,HGFY22 风机测定仪的研制与性能测试,中州煤炭,2001
[6] 胡维颉,多功能风机全性能自动测试装置通过国家机械工业部鉴定,地下工程与隧道,1997 年第 2 期
[7] 穆大耀,谢瑞靖,赵梓成,风机性能参数微机测试系统的设计研究,云南冶金,1995年第 1 期
[8] 廖俊,罗晟,仲石廉,黄武雄,计算机辅助风机试验系统,流体机械,1999 年 8 月
[9] 宋玲,张山鹰,裴新民等,离心机性能测试系统的设计,新疆农机化,2004 年第 6期
[10] 范云霄,刘桦,测试技术与信号处理,中国计量出版社,2002(4)第一版
[11] 刘君华等编著,基于 LabVIEW 的虚拟仪器设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[12] 侯国屏,王坤,叶齐鑫编著. LabVIEW7.1 编程与虚拟仪器设计,北京:清华大学 出版社,2005.2
[13](美)康威(Conway, J.)(美)瓦特(Watts, S.),软件工程方法在 LabVIEWTM 中 的应用,——北京:清华大学出版社,2006.4
[14] 孙传友等编著,感测技术与系统设计,北京:科学出版社,2004
[15] 杨乐平等编著,LabVIEW 高级程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[16] 张月亲,建立自动化测试系统的必要性[J],国外电子测量技术,2000(6)
[17] 杨富强,任中全,基于虚拟仪器的矿用通风机检测系统的研究:[学位论文],西安: 西安科技大学,2007
[18] Taner A H,White N M. Virtual Instrumentation: A solution to the problem of design complexity intelligent instruments [J]. Measurement & Control, 1996,(29):165~171.
[19] Wang Hongyu. Compressor performance Test System .Automation and Instrument Volume.16~20
[20] Song, Yuwang (Sch. of Mech. Eng. and Automat., Beijing Univ. of Aero. and Astron.),Xi, Ping , Parametric design of turbine blades based on feature modeling[J]. Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics andAstronautics, 2004, 30(4):321~324
[21] McGarry, Nicole (National Instruments),The move to virtual instrumentation, Electronic Products (Garden City, New York), v 46, n 2, July, 2003, p 33-34
[22] Van Halen, Paul , Redefining the virtual instrument: merging simulation and test & Measurement, Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, v 1, 1995, p 322-325
[23] 王翠,基于虚拟仪器的矿山固定设备测试系统研究:[学位论文],西安:西安科技 大学,2006
[24] 叶湘滨等编,传感器与测试技术,国防工业出版社,2007
[25] 刘畅生等编,压力传感器,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[26] 施涌潮,梁福平,牛春晖等编,传感器检测技术,国防工业出版社,2007
[27] 孟立凡,蓝金辉主编,传感器原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2007
[28] 杨叔子,杨克冲等编,机械工程控制基础,第四版,华中科技大学出版社,2004
[29] KOgata 著;卢伯英,于海勋等译,现代控制工程:第 4 版,北京:电子工业出版 社,2003.7
[30] 王显正,莫锦秋,王旭永编,控制理论基础,第二版,科学出版社,2007
[31] 方崇智,萧德云编著,过程辨识,——北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[32] 南京工学院数学教研组编,积分变换,第三版,高等教育出版社,2003(3)
[33] 丁正生等编,概率论与数理统计,——西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003(2)
[34] 黄俊钦著,测试系统动力学,北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[35] 张永超,通风机运行工况微机监测系统的研究:[学位论文] 青岛:山东科技大学, 2003
[36] 沈辉编,SIMULINK 系统方针与控制,北京大学出版社,2003
[37] 张亮,王宝顺等编,MATLAB7.0 系统建模与仿真,人民邮电出版社,2006
[38] 侯媛彬,汪梅,王立琦编著,系统辨识及其 MATLAB 仿真,北京:科学出版社, 2004
[49] 陈桂明,应用 MATLAB 建模与仿真,北京:科学技术出版社,2001
[40] 陈维健,傅运刚,李功熹等主编. 矿山大型机电设备测试技术手册. 中国矿业大学 出版社,1998.8
[2] 巨广刚,周植鹏等,我国煤矿用局部通风机的现状及发展,国家煤矿防尘通风安全质量监督检验中心,2004(6)
[3] 胡生清,幸国全,未来的仪器仪表——虚拟仪器[J],国外电子测量技术,2000
[4] 秦树人,虚拟仪器及其最新发展[J],振动、测试与诊断,2000(20)
[5] 张福旺,杨江锋,HGFY22 风机测定仪的研制与性能测试,中州煤炭,2001
[6] 胡维颉,多功能风机全性能自动测试装置通过国家机械工业部鉴定,地下工程与隧道,1997 年第 2 期
[7] 穆大耀,谢瑞靖,赵梓成,风机性能参数微机测试系统的设计研究,云南冶金,1995年第 1 期
[8] 廖俊,罗晟,仲石廉,黄武雄,计算机辅助风机试验系统,流体机械,1999 年 8 月
[9] 宋玲,张山鹰,裴新民等,离心机性能测试系统的设计,新疆农机化,2004 年第 6期
[10] 范云霄,刘桦,测试技术与信号处理,中国计量出版社,2002(4)第一版
[11] 刘君华等编著,基于 LabVIEW 的虚拟仪器设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[12] 侯国屏,王坤,叶齐鑫编著. LabVIEW7.1 编程与虚拟仪器设计,北京:清华大学 出版社,2005.2
[13](美)康威(Conway, J.)(美)瓦特(Watts, S.),软件工程方法在 LabVIEWTM 中 的应用,——北京:清华大学出版社,2006.4
[14] 孙传友等编著,感测技术与系统设计,北京:科学出版社,2004
[15] 杨乐平等编著,LabVIEW 高级程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[16] 张月亲,建立自动化测试系统的必要性[J],国外电子测量技术,2000(6)
[17] 杨富强,任中全,基于虚拟仪器的矿用通风机检测系统的研究:[学位论文],西安: 西安科技大学,2007
[18] Taner A H,White N M. Virtual Instrumentation: A solution to the problem of design complexity intelligent instruments [J]. Measurement & Control, 1996,(29):165~171.
[19] Wang Hongyu. Compressor performance Test System .Automation and Instrument Volume.16~20
[20] Song, Yuwang (Sch. of Mech. Eng. and Automat., Beijing Univ. of Aero. and Astron.),Xi, Ping , Parametric design of turbine blades based on feature modeling[J]. Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics andAstronautics, 2004, 30(4):321~324
[21] McGarry, Nicole (National Instruments),The move to virtual instrumentation, Electronic Products (Garden City, New York), v 46, n 2, July, 2003, p 33-34
[22] Van Halen, Paul , Redefining the virtual instrument: merging simulation and test & Measurement, Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, v 1, 1995, p 322-325
[23] 王翠,基于虚拟仪器的矿山固定设备测试系统研究:[学位论文],西安:西安科技 大学,2006
[24] 叶湘滨等编,传感器与测试技术,国防工业出版社,2007
[25] 刘畅生等编,压力传感器,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[26] 施涌潮,梁福平,牛春晖等编,传感器检测技术,国防工业出版社,2007
[27] 孟立凡,蓝金辉主编,传感器原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2007
[28] 杨叔子,杨克冲等编,机械工程控制基础,第四版,华中科技大学出版社,2004
[29] KOgata 著;卢伯英,于海勋等译,现代控制工程:第 4 版,北京:电子工业出版 社,2003.7
[30] 王显正,莫锦秋,王旭永编,控制理论基础,第二版,科学出版社,2007
[31] 方崇智,萧德云编著,过程辨识,——北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[32] 南京工学院数学教研组编,积分变换,第三版,高等教育出版社,2003(3)
[33] 丁正生等编,概率论与数理统计,——西安:西北工业大学出版社,2003(2)
[34] 黄俊钦著,测试系统动力学,北京:国防工业出版社,1996
[35] 张永超,通风机运行工况微机监测系统的研究:[学位论文] 青岛:山东科技大学, 2003
[36] 沈辉编,SIMULINK 系统方针与控制,北京大学出版社,2003
[37] 张亮,王宝顺等编,MATLAB7.0 系统建模与仿真,人民邮电出版社,2006
[38] 侯媛彬,汪梅,王立琦编著,系统辨识及其 MATLAB 仿真,北京:科学出版社, 2004
[49] 陈桂明,应用 MATLAB 建模与仿真,北京:科学技术出版社,2001
[40] 陈维健,傅运刚,李功熹等主编. 矿山大型机电设备测试技术手册. 中国矿业大学 出版社,1998.8
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