论《哈利·波特》中的哥特技巧
摘要
英国女作家J·K·罗琳(J·K·Rowling)的“哈利·波特”(Harry Potter)系列小说在近十年出版的作品中分外引人注目。一切开始于1997年,罗琳在英国出版了第一本《哈利·波特与魔法石》,很快就登上畅销书排行榜的第一位。随后两年里,《哈利·波特与密室》和《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》相继出版,并在全球范围掀起了强大的哈利·波特热潮。第四本《哈利·波特与火焰杯》首版印刷530万册,第五本《哈利·波特与凤凰社》也在2003年6月问世,并且史无前例地成为名列德国、法国畅销书排行榜榜首的第一部英文小说。2005年出版的第六本《哈利·波特与混血王子》轻而易举创造了新的销售记录。到2007年7月21日,随着第七本《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》的问世,宣告着整个系列小说的完成。这部被翻译成69种语言在全球200多个地区发行的小说成为全世界人们竞相阅读的作品。
“哈利·波特”的风靡让人们不禁发问,为何一部描写几个孩子在寄宿学校学习魔法、历经危险、与邪恶势力斗争的故事不仅征服了全球众多的儿童,也令许许多多的成年人醉心阅读,沉浸在那个奇妙的非现实世界里废寝忘食、不忍释卷。究其原因,一方面得益于作品本身的精彩诠释以及商业操作上的成功,另一方面则和英国的文学传统以及由此形成的文学审美习惯有着不可割断的各种各样的关系,而贯穿作品始末的哥特元素则成为了此系列小说的一大亮点。以往有关本作品的研究成果主要集中在四大方面:一是作品对青少年成长影响的探讨;二是对当代童话创作的启示的深层挖掘;三是对小说人物的性格剖析;四是对作品其他方面的研究,例如写作手法,翻译特色等。而从哥特文学的角度对作品进行分析和研究的却不多见。
本文选取“哥特小说”这一切入点,以被誉为哥特小说经典之作的《奥多芙的神秘》(The Mysteries of Udolpho)和《僧侣》(The Monk)为例,总结了英国传统哥特小说在场景、情节、主题和人物等方面的要素和写作手法,并由此视角重新解读惯常被称为“儿童小说”的《哈利·波特》,分析它对哥特小说传统的继承、对哥特手法的运用以及风靡世界的文化意义,从而引领读者透彻的感受《哈利·波特》中的哥特魅力。
Among the books published in recent ten years, the“Harry Potter”novel series by British female author J. K. Rowling attract a lot of attention. It all began from 1997, when Rowling published the first one of this series Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in the UK, which was listed on the top of the best-sellers soon. During the following 2 years, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban were published one after another and made great Harry Potter waves around the world. The fourth one—Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire—was published in the amount of 5,300,000 for the first edition, while the fifth one—Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix—came out in June, 2003, and became the first English novel on the top of German and French best-sellers. The sixth book—Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince—was published in 2005 and also achieved record sales with great ease. On 21st July 2007, with the issue of the seventh book—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows—the whole novel series were officially done and translated into 69 languages and issued in more than 200 regions in the world.
This fiction series describe stories of magic learning, rules breaking and adventures exploring of several kids in a boarding school. Why they can conquer so many children of the world as well as lots of adults who freely acknowledge their love of these“children’s books”and immerse into the fantastic unrealistic world? On the one hand, it has great relationship with the features of the novels themselves and the successful operation in business; on the other hand, it also has unbreakable relationship with English literature tradition, the consequential esthetic habits, and, especially Gothic element which is the distinguished highlight of the novel. The previous research achievements about this fiction series mainly include four aspects: first, the discussion about teenagers’growth; second, exploration to contemporary fairy tales’inspiration; third, analysis to the characters’personality; fourth, other aspects such as writing features and translation features. However, the analysis or research from Gothic prospects is rare.
This thesis chooses the aspect of“Gothic novel”, takes its classic works—The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Monk and The Italian—as the examples, summarizes the main features of English traditional Gothic novel in scene, plot, theme and character, and therefore, reread Harry Potter novel series—the“children’s book”and analyze its succession to Gothic novel tradition, its success in applying Gothic techniques as well as its literary significance of worldwide popularity.
“哈利·波特”的风靡让人们不禁发问,为何一部描写几个孩子在寄宿学校学习魔法、历经危险、与邪恶势力斗争的故事不仅征服了全球众多的儿童,也令许许多多的成年人醉心阅读,沉浸在那个奇妙的非现实世界里废寝忘食、不忍释卷。究其原因,一方面得益于作品本身的精彩诠释以及商业操作上的成功,另一方面则和英国的文学传统以及由此形成的文学审美习惯有着不可割断的各种各样的关系,而贯穿作品始末的哥特元素则成为了此系列小说的一大亮点。以往有关本作品的研究成果主要集中在四大方面:一是作品对青少年成长影响的探讨;二是对当代童话创作的启示的深层挖掘;三是对小说人物的性格剖析;四是对作品其他方面的研究,例如写作手法,翻译特色等。而从哥特文学的角度对作品进行分析和研究的却不多见。
本文选取“哥特小说”这一切入点,以被誉为哥特小说经典之作的《奥多芙的神秘》(The Mysteries of Udolpho)和《僧侣》(The Monk)为例,总结了英国传统哥特小说在场景、情节、主题和人物等方面的要素和写作手法,并由此视角重新解读惯常被称为“儿童小说”的《哈利·波特》,分析它对哥特小说传统的继承、对哥特手法的运用以及风靡世界的文化意义,从而引领读者透彻的感受《哈利·波特》中的哥特魅力。
Among the books published in recent ten years, the“Harry Potter”novel series by British female author J. K. Rowling attract a lot of attention. It all began from 1997, when Rowling published the first one of this series Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in the UK, which was listed on the top of the best-sellers soon. During the following 2 years, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban were published one after another and made great Harry Potter waves around the world. The fourth one—Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire—was published in the amount of 5,300,000 for the first edition, while the fifth one—Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix—came out in June, 2003, and became the first English novel on the top of German and French best-sellers. The sixth book—Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince—was published in 2005 and also achieved record sales with great ease. On 21st July 2007, with the issue of the seventh book—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows—the whole novel series were officially done and translated into 69 languages and issued in more than 200 regions in the world.
This fiction series describe stories of magic learning, rules breaking and adventures exploring of several kids in a boarding school. Why they can conquer so many children of the world as well as lots of adults who freely acknowledge their love of these“children’s books”and immerse into the fantastic unrealistic world? On the one hand, it has great relationship with the features of the novels themselves and the successful operation in business; on the other hand, it also has unbreakable relationship with English literature tradition, the consequential esthetic habits, and, especially Gothic element which is the distinguished highlight of the novel. The previous research achievements about this fiction series mainly include four aspects: first, the discussion about teenagers’growth; second, exploration to contemporary fairy tales’inspiration; third, analysis to the characters’personality; fourth, other aspects such as writing features and translation features. However, the analysis or research from Gothic prospects is rare.
This thesis chooses the aspect of“Gothic novel”, takes its classic works—The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Monk and The Italian—as the examples, summarizes the main features of English traditional Gothic novel in scene, plot, theme and character, and therefore, reread Harry Potter novel series—the“children’s book”and analyze its succession to Gothic novel tradition, its success in applying Gothic techniques as well as its literary significance of worldwide popularity.
引文
1. J.K.罗琳(J.K.Rowling),林赛·弗雷泽(Lindsey Fraser),《我和哈利·波特de真实故事》,蔡文译。北京:人民文学出版社,2003
2. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P123
3. David Colbert, Magical Worlds of Harry Potter: A Treasury of Myths, Legends, and Fascinating Facts. UK: Sagebrush Education Resources Library. 2002, P151
4.肖明翰,《英美文学中的哥特传统》,载于《外国文学评论》。北京:社科院出版2001年第2期
5. Ibid
6. The Holy Bible, King James Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1999; Bartleby.com, 2000. http://www.bartelby.com/108/66/16.html
7.朱维之,赵澧主编,《外国文学史(欧美卷)》。天津:南开大学出版社,1994年,P.141
8.王忠祥、聂珍钊主编,《外国文学史(第二册)》。武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999年,P.28
9.韩加明,《简论哥特小说的形成和发展》,载于《国外文学》。北京:北京大学出版社,2000年第1期
10. Henry Fielding, Tom Jones. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995, P245
11. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P227-8
12. Ibid P344
13. Ibid P63
14. Ibid P226
15. Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003, P 145
16. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P167
17. Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003, P 27
18. Ibid P 29
19. Ibid P 412
20. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P672
21. Ann.Radcliffe, The Italian. UK: Oxford University Press, 1981, P414
22. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P123-4
23. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P1
24. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P22
25. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P52-3
25. Ibid P53
26. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P39
Andrew Smith. Gothic Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2007
Ann. Radcliffe. The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Ann. Radcliffe. The Italian. UK: Oxford University Press, 1981.
A.S Byatt. Harry Potter and the Childish Adult. New York: The New York Times, 2003.
David Colbert. Magical Worlds of Harry Potter: A Treasury of Myths, Legends, and Fascinating Facts. UK: Sagebrush Education Resources Library, 2002.
Edmund Burke. A Philosophical Enquiry into Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful. 1757.
Elizabeth E. Heilman. Harry Potter's World: Multidisciplinary Critical Perspectives. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2003.
Henry Fielding. Tom Jones. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995.
Horace Walpole. Three Gothic novels, Middlesex. England: Penguin Books, 1978.
Jerrold E. Hogle. The Cambridge companion to gothic fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2006.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2008.
Joseph Wiesenfarth. Gothic manners and the classic English novel. US: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
Matthew Gregory Lewis. The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003.
Sharon Black. Harry Potter: A Magical Prescription for Just about Anyone. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, Vol. 46, 2003.
Varma, Devendra P. The Gothic flame : being a history of the Gothic novel in England: its origins, efflorescence, disintegration, and residuary influences. London
大卫·潘特,《恐怖文学::1765至今的哥特小说史》。伦敦,1980。
戴维·科尔伯特,《哈利·波特的魔法世界》,麦秸译。北京:人民文学出版社,2002年。
亨利·菲尔丁,《汤姆·琼斯》,黄乔生译。上海:译林出版社,2004年。
韩加明,《简论哥特小说的形成和发展》。《国外文学》,2000年第1期。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与魔法石》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与密室》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与火焰杯》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2001年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与凤凰社》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社, 2003年。
J·K·罗琳林赛·弗雷泽:《我和哈利·波特de真实故事》,蔡文译。北京:人民文学出版社,2003年。
拉德克利夫·安,《奥多芙的神秘》,刘勃译。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004年。
拉德克利夫·安,《意大利人》,刘勃译。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004年。
理查德·凯勒·西蒙,《垃圾文化——通俗文化与伟大传统》,关山译。北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001年。
刘新明,《拂拭历史的尘埃重现艺术的光彩——试论哥特小说的艺术特点、成就及影响》。《上海师范大学学报》,1994年第1期。
刘绪源,《<哈利·波特>与文化研究》。载于《文汇报》,2002年第3期。
马修·刘易斯,《僧侣》,赵炎秋译。天津:百花文艺出版社,1998年。
《启示录》,《圣经——新约旧约全书》。中国基督教协会,1994年。
王忠祥、聂珍钊主编,《外国文学史(第二册)》。武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999年。
西恩·史密斯,《哈利·波特背后的天才——J·K·罗琳传》,宋润娟,王澍等译。长春:时代文艺出版社,2002年。
许佳,《我的魔法时刻》,上海:学林出版社,2002年。
肖明翰,《英美文学中的哥特传统》。《外国文学评论》,2001年第2期。
叶舒宪,《“新时代”运动的文学冲击波——从<塞来斯廷预言>到<哈利·波特>》。《文艺理论与批评》,2002年第2期。
叶舒宪,《<哈利·波特>与后现代文化寻根》。《海南广播电视大学学报》,2002年第2期。
叶舒宪,《巫术思维与文学复生》。《文艺研究》,2002年第3期。
叶舒宪,《西方文化寻根的“凯尔特复兴”》。《文艺理论与批评》,2002年第4期。
朱维之,赵澧主编,《外国文学史(欧美卷)》。天津:南开大学出版社,1994年。
张爱民,《浅谈哥特式小说的发展及影响》。《济宁师专学报》,2000年。
2. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P123
3. David Colbert, Magical Worlds of Harry Potter: A Treasury of Myths, Legends, and Fascinating Facts. UK: Sagebrush Education Resources Library. 2002, P151
4.肖明翰,《英美文学中的哥特传统》,载于《外国文学评论》。北京:社科院出版2001年第2期
5. Ibid
6. The Holy Bible, King James Version. New York: American Bible Society, 1999; Bartleby.com, 2000. http://www.bartelby.com/108/66/16.html
7.朱维之,赵澧主编,《外国文学史(欧美卷)》。天津:南开大学出版社,1994年,P.141
8.王忠祥、聂珍钊主编,《外国文学史(第二册)》。武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999年,P.28
9.韩加明,《简论哥特小说的形成和发展》,载于《国外文学》。北京:北京大学出版社,2000年第1期
10. Henry Fielding, Tom Jones. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995, P245
11. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P227-8
12. Ibid P344
13. Ibid P63
14. Ibid P226
15. Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003, P 145
16. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P167
17. Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003, P 27
18. Ibid P 29
19. Ibid P 412
20. Ann.Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970, P672
21. Ann.Radcliffe, The Italian. UK: Oxford University Press, 1981, P414
22. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P123-4
23. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P1
24. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P22
25. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P52-3
25. Ibid P53
26. J.K.Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004, P39
Andrew Smith. Gothic Literature. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2007
Ann. Radcliffe. The Mysteries of Udolpho. UK: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Ann. Radcliffe. The Italian. UK: Oxford University Press, 1981.
A.S Byatt. Harry Potter and the Childish Adult. New York: The New York Times, 2003.
David Colbert. Magical Worlds of Harry Potter: A Treasury of Myths, Legends, and Fascinating Facts. UK: Sagebrush Education Resources Library, 2002.
Edmund Burke. A Philosophical Enquiry into Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful. 1757.
Elizabeth E. Heilman. Harry Potter's World: Multidisciplinary Critical Perspectives. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2003.
Henry Fielding. Tom Jones. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995.
Horace Walpole. Three Gothic novels, Middlesex. England: Penguin Books, 1978.
Jerrold E. Hogle. The Cambridge companion to gothic fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2006.
J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. London:Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2008.
Joseph Wiesenfarth. Gothic manners and the classic English novel. US: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
Matthew Gregory Lewis. The Monk. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications Inc. 2003.
Sharon Black. Harry Potter: A Magical Prescription for Just about Anyone. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, Vol. 46, 2003.
Varma, Devendra P. The Gothic flame : being a history of the Gothic novel in England: its origins, efflorescence, disintegration, and residuary influences. London
大卫·潘特,《恐怖文学::1765至今的哥特小说史》。伦敦,1980。
戴维·科尔伯特,《哈利·波特的魔法世界》,麦秸译。北京:人民文学出版社,2002年。
亨利·菲尔丁,《汤姆·琼斯》,黄乔生译。上海:译林出版社,2004年。
韩加明,《简论哥特小说的形成和发展》。《国外文学》,2000年第1期。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与魔法石》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与密室》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2000年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与火焰杯》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社,2001年。
J·K·罗琳,《哈利·波特与凤凰社》,苏农译。北京:人民文学出版社, 2003年。
J·K·罗琳林赛·弗雷泽:《我和哈利·波特de真实故事》,蔡文译。北京:人民文学出版社,2003年。
拉德克利夫·安,《奥多芙的神秘》,刘勃译。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004年。
拉德克利夫·安,《意大利人》,刘勃译。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004年。
理查德·凯勒·西蒙,《垃圾文化——通俗文化与伟大传统》,关山译。北京:社会科学文献出版社,2001年。
刘新明,《拂拭历史的尘埃重现艺术的光彩——试论哥特小说的艺术特点、成就及影响》。《上海师范大学学报》,1994年第1期。
刘绪源,《<哈利·波特>与文化研究》。载于《文汇报》,2002年第3期。
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