通风机气动性能测试及数据处理分析研究
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摘要
通风机在地下矿山及其它领域应用广泛,通风机安全、可靠、高效运行成为保证正常生产的重要一环,为此,必须对通风机性能有清楚的了解。经过多年的发展,风机测试技术在不断地发展和进步,风机的测试技术经历了从手工测定,计算绘图到计算机辅助完成部分功能,再到自动测试系统的不断发展历程。随着计算机技术的发展,计算机技术在风机性能测试领域的应用越来越广泛。
本文对通风机空气动力性能的测试进行了研究,分析比较了不同测试仪器和测试方法的特点；对常用的测试数据的处理方法进行了总结,并提出了可以采用Excel调用Matlab的方法来实现测试数据处理和性能曲线绘制,并对如何改进Matlab的曲线绘制效果方面进行了研究,对风机性能曲线的各种常用数值分析方法进行了比较分析,对测试误差进行了分析。本文在借鉴前人已有成果的基础上,通过研究得出以下结论：
1、随着计算机技术的发展,采用计算机控制的自动测试系统将会得到更加广阔的应用和发展。
2、采用Excel调用Matlab的方法来实现测试数据处理、绘图和图形分析的方法,具有编程简单、算法稳定、计算精度高、图形美观、便于比较和分析的特点。
3、对于最为常用的最小二乘法拟合风机性能曲线,通过分析认为一般情况下2次拟合难以取得最佳效果,拟合次数一般应从3次开始选取。当测试和数据处理满足一定准确性条件时,最佳拟合效果的次数会高于传统的2-5次。
4、当存在测试误差或计算误差时,插值法并非是一种理想的风机性能曲线数值分析方法。就现有科技水平,这种误差难以完全避免,所以,一般来说合理选取的逼近法曲线绘制效果相对更为理想。
5、采用同一种数值分析方法,不同组数据绘制出的曲线是不同的,但影响并不是十分明显,重要的是提高测试和数据处理的准确性。
6、通过分析测试各环节误差产生的原因提出了减小和消除误差的措施。通过分析认为由于制造安装质量、加装设备、运行环境、测试仪器、测试方法、数据处理及绘图方法等影响因素不同会导致实测性能曲线和理论性能曲线一般都存在差别,为真实获得通风机性能曲线,需要通过定期实测。
Ventilator, widely used in underground mines and other areas, Safety, reliability and working efficiency of ventilator are very important to assure regular production, therefore, it is necessary to clearly find out performance of ventilator. With the development over years, measuring and testing techniques of ventilator has undergone increasing development process from manual measuring, calculation and drawing, computer-aided measuring to auto-measuring system. With the development of computer technology, it has been used more widely in ventilator performance measuring and testing area.
The thesis is about the research on aerodynamic performance tests of ventilator, analysis and comparison to characteristics of different testing instrument and testing method. The thesis also summarizes frequently used ways to processing testing data of ventilator's performance, and presents the method of using Matlab via Excel to realize processing of testing data and plotting of performance curve. Meanwhile the paper deal with how to improve effect of curve plotting by Matlab method, comparing and analyzing frequently used numerical numbers of performance curve of ventilator, and error analysis. On the basis of existent results some conclusions are presented:
1. With the development of computer technology, auto-measuring system controlled by omputer will be used more widely and will get increasing development.
2. The method of using Matlab via Excel to realize data processing, drafting and graphic analysis shows characteristics of easy programming, stable calculation, high calculation accuracy, nice graphic and easy to compare and analyze.
3. For the most frequently used least square method Fitting performance curve of ventilator, it is usually thought that is it different to get the best results and fitting degree should be started from the third time. Fitting degree of the best result usually will be more than the traditional 2 to 5 times if the accuracy of testing and data processing can be guaranteed.
4. Interpolation is not an ideal data analysis method of performance curve of ventilator when testing error or calculation error exists. It is impossible to totally avoid such errors; therefore, relatively reasonably chosen curve effect by method of approximation is much better.
5. When the same data analysis method is used, different data will get different curves, but the infection is not obvious. So the key problem is to improve accuracy of testing and data processing.
6. Through analysis test various links error causes proposed reduce and eliminating errors measures. Through analysis that Because manufacture installation quality, retrofitting equipment, running environment, test apparatus, test method, data processing and drawing methods factors different cause measured performance curves and theoretical performance curve generally exist difference true obtain Fan Performance curve, need through regular measured.
本文对通风机空气动力性能的测试进行了研究,分析比较了不同测试仪器和测试方法的特点；对常用的测试数据的处理方法进行了总结,并提出了可以采用Excel调用Matlab的方法来实现测试数据处理和性能曲线绘制,并对如何改进Matlab的曲线绘制效果方面进行了研究,对风机性能曲线的各种常用数值分析方法进行了比较分析,对测试误差进行了分析。本文在借鉴前人已有成果的基础上,通过研究得出以下结论：
1、随着计算机技术的发展,采用计算机控制的自动测试系统将会得到更加广阔的应用和发展。
2、采用Excel调用Matlab的方法来实现测试数据处理、绘图和图形分析的方法,具有编程简单、算法稳定、计算精度高、图形美观、便于比较和分析的特点。
3、对于最为常用的最小二乘法拟合风机性能曲线,通过分析认为一般情况下2次拟合难以取得最佳效果,拟合次数一般应从3次开始选取。当测试和数据处理满足一定准确性条件时,最佳拟合效果的次数会高于传统的2-5次。
4、当存在测试误差或计算误差时,插值法并非是一种理想的风机性能曲线数值分析方法。就现有科技水平,这种误差难以完全避免,所以,一般来说合理选取的逼近法曲线绘制效果相对更为理想。
5、采用同一种数值分析方法,不同组数据绘制出的曲线是不同的,但影响并不是十分明显,重要的是提高测试和数据处理的准确性。
6、通过分析测试各环节误差产生的原因提出了减小和消除误差的措施。通过分析认为由于制造安装质量、加装设备、运行环境、测试仪器、测试方法、数据处理及绘图方法等影响因素不同会导致实测性能曲线和理论性能曲线一般都存在差别,为真实获得通风机性能曲线,需要通过定期实测。
Ventilator, widely used in underground mines and other areas, Safety, reliability and working efficiency of ventilator are very important to assure regular production, therefore, it is necessary to clearly find out performance of ventilator. With the development over years, measuring and testing techniques of ventilator has undergone increasing development process from manual measuring, calculation and drawing, computer-aided measuring to auto-measuring system. With the development of computer technology, it has been used more widely in ventilator performance measuring and testing area.
The thesis is about the research on aerodynamic performance tests of ventilator, analysis and comparison to characteristics of different testing instrument and testing method. The thesis also summarizes frequently used ways to processing testing data of ventilator's performance, and presents the method of using Matlab via Excel to realize processing of testing data and plotting of performance curve. Meanwhile the paper deal with how to improve effect of curve plotting by Matlab method, comparing and analyzing frequently used numerical numbers of performance curve of ventilator, and error analysis. On the basis of existent results some conclusions are presented:
1. With the development of computer technology, auto-measuring system controlled by omputer will be used more widely and will get increasing development.
2. The method of using Matlab via Excel to realize data processing, drafting and graphic analysis shows characteristics of easy programming, stable calculation, high calculation accuracy, nice graphic and easy to compare and analyze.
3. For the most frequently used least square method Fitting performance curve of ventilator, it is usually thought that is it different to get the best results and fitting degree should be started from the third time. Fitting degree of the best result usually will be more than the traditional 2 to 5 times if the accuracy of testing and data processing can be guaranteed.
4. Interpolation is not an ideal data analysis method of performance curve of ventilator when testing error or calculation error exists. It is impossible to totally avoid such errors; therefore, relatively reasonably chosen curve effect by method of approximation is much better.
5. When the same data analysis method is used, different data will get different curves, but the infection is not obvious. So the key problem is to improve accuracy of testing and data processing.
6. Through analysis test various links error causes proposed reduce and eliminating errors measures. Through analysis that Because manufacture installation quality, retrofitting equipment, running environment, test apparatus, test method, data processing and drawing methods factors different cause measured performance curves and theoretical performance curve generally exist difference true obtain Fan Performance curve, need through regular measured.
引文
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[2]Cory,W.T.W.Fan Performance Testing and the Effects of the System[J].Fluid Engineering,1982, (5)
[3]商景泰.通风机手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1994
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[5]于栋,张新民.矿用主通风机风量测试方法的研究[J].煤炭工程,2007(5)：84-86
[6]张照宇.煤矿主扇个体性能曲线测绘测试方法[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2005(1)：76-77
[7]白允清.新世纪风机行业发展趋势的探讨[J].风机技术,2003(3)：56-57
[8]驻丹麦使馆经商处.丹麦风力发电产业现状及发展趋势[J].世界机电经贸信息,2000(8)：16-18
[9]邓刚.风机气动性能试验数值分析及数据处理程序设计方法[J].车辆与动力技术2001(3)：22-36
[10]高伟,彭担任,李世明.通风机装置性能测试综述[J].风机技术,2006(1)：40-42
[11]R.E.Grundy.The Application of Hennite Inter polation to the Analysis of Non-linear Diffusive Initial-boundary Value Problems [J].IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics,2005, 70 (6):814-838
[12]张福旺,杨江锋HGFY22风机测定仪的研制与性能测试[J].中州煤炭,2001(1)：1-3
[13]张国枢,王卫平,戴广龙.智能化风机性能测定仪的研制[J].煤矿安全,2002,33(12)：39-40
[14]陈燎原,潘地林,李永梅.对旋式风机性能自动测试系统的研究[J].合肥学院学报,2008,18(4)：70-73,81
[15]胡维撷.多功能风机全性能自动测试装置通过国家机械工业部鉴定[J].地下工程与隧道,1997(2)：47
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[20]张丽君,吕新民,杨兵力等.农用风机性能自动测试系统的研究[J].农机化研究,2006(4)：154-157
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