智能CCD垂线坐标仪
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摘要
针对矿井生产期间立井井筒破坏引发的重大安全问题,本论文从现代安全科学的理论和实践出发,对目前井筒安全监测的现状及存在的主要问题进行分析。为了监测立井井筒径向位移,预防立井井筒破坏事故的发生,本文结合光学技术、信号处理技术,研究和设计了一种基于CCD垂线坐标仪的非接触测量方式。
本系统光源采用高强度半导体激光器,经特殊的光学结构形成均匀的平行光。同时采用高分辨率线阵CCD传感器及细分技术,结合数字信号处理技术,实现了稳定的微米级位移测量。采用通用数字电路驱动方法,这种驱动电路可以产生出高频的驱动脉冲,各个脉冲之间同步性好,同时具有很高的稳定性,提高了电路的可靠性。利用二阶低通滤波电路、反向放大电路设计了视频信号预处理电路,同时利用P89LPC932单片机内部电压比较器对视频信号进行二值化处理,实现了对原始信号的滤波和视频放大等调理。采用P89LPC932捕获／比较单元(CCU)对视频脉冲信号进行捕捉,实现了对视频信号的采样,同时运用计算机编程对数据进行处理,实现位移的测量。根据M-BUS总线标准研制了M-BUS总线从机接口电路,达到了可靠通信的目的。
对CCD驱动及视频处理电路进行了实验,结果表明驱动电路能很好地与CCD配合,充分发挥CCD光电转换的特性,输出稳定可靠的电信号。视频预处理电路对影响CCD“像质”的主要噪声均有明显的抑制效果,提高了信噪比,为进一步的信号处理提供了高质量的信号。对数据处理部分进行了编程调试,并进行了系统的误差分析。
This thesis, in accordance with major security issues caused by damage of the vertical mineshaft during mine production, attempts to analyze the current situation and existing problem of mineshaft safety-monitoring, based on the modern scientific safety theory and practices. With the combination of optical technology and signal-processing technology, this thesis studies and designs a kind of non-contact measurement method based on CCD vertical coordinator, aiming at monitoring radial displacement of vertical mineshaft in order to prevent accidents from damage of mineshaft.
This system uses high strength semiconductor laser, which can generate uniform parallel light through special optical structure. At the same time, this system, combing high-resolution linear CCD Vertical plumb coordinatograph and subdivision technology with digital signal-processing technology, achieves a stable micron displacement measurement. It adopts universal digital circuit-driving method. This kind of circuit drive can generate high-frequency drive pulses, which have good synchronism and stability, and improve the reliability of the circuit. This paper uses second-order low-pass filter circuit and reverse amplifying circuit to design video signal pre-processing circuit, and uses internal voltage comparator of P89LPC932 to give video signals binary processing, all of which realize changes of filter and video amplification of the original signals. The use of P89LPC932 capture or comparative unit (CCU) realizes the sampling of video signals by the capture of video pulse signals. At the same time, it uses computer programming to deal with data, achieving displacement measurements. This thesis studies M-Bus By P89LPC932 capture/compare unit (CCU) to capture the video pulse signals to achieve a sampling of video signals, while the use of computer programming for data processing, and displacement measurements. M-BUS slave interface circuit, developed by M-BUS standard, achieves the purpose of reliable communication.
This thesis makes experiment of CCD drive and video processing circuit. The results show that the driving circuit can match well with CCD to output stable and reliable signals, with the characteristics of CCD photoelectric conversion fully developed. Video pre-processing circuit achieves some effects on controlling main noise which influents CCD image-quality, improves signal-to-noise ratio, and provides high-quality signals for further signal-processing. This thesis writes programs and makes debugging, and gives analysis of system errors.
本系统光源采用高强度半导体激光器,经特殊的光学结构形成均匀的平行光。同时采用高分辨率线阵CCD传感器及细分技术,结合数字信号处理技术,实现了稳定的微米级位移测量。采用通用数字电路驱动方法,这种驱动电路可以产生出高频的驱动脉冲,各个脉冲之间同步性好,同时具有很高的稳定性,提高了电路的可靠性。利用二阶低通滤波电路、反向放大电路设计了视频信号预处理电路,同时利用P89LPC932单片机内部电压比较器对视频信号进行二值化处理,实现了对原始信号的滤波和视频放大等调理。采用P89LPC932捕获／比较单元(CCU)对视频脉冲信号进行捕捉,实现了对视频信号的采样,同时运用计算机编程对数据进行处理,实现位移的测量。根据M-BUS总线标准研制了M-BUS总线从机接口电路,达到了可靠通信的目的。
对CCD驱动及视频处理电路进行了实验,结果表明驱动电路能很好地与CCD配合,充分发挥CCD光电转换的特性,输出稳定可靠的电信号。视频预处理电路对影响CCD“像质”的主要噪声均有明显的抑制效果,提高了信噪比,为进一步的信号处理提供了高质量的信号。对数据处理部分进行了编程调试,并进行了系统的误差分析。
This thesis, in accordance with major security issues caused by damage of the vertical mineshaft during mine production, attempts to analyze the current situation and existing problem of mineshaft safety-monitoring, based on the modern scientific safety theory and practices. With the combination of optical technology and signal-processing technology, this thesis studies and designs a kind of non-contact measurement method based on CCD vertical coordinator, aiming at monitoring radial displacement of vertical mineshaft in order to prevent accidents from damage of mineshaft.
This system uses high strength semiconductor laser, which can generate uniform parallel light through special optical structure. At the same time, this system, combing high-resolution linear CCD Vertical plumb coordinatograph and subdivision technology with digital signal-processing technology, achieves a stable micron displacement measurement. It adopts universal digital circuit-driving method. This kind of circuit drive can generate high-frequency drive pulses, which have good synchronism and stability, and improve the reliability of the circuit. This paper uses second-order low-pass filter circuit and reverse amplifying circuit to design video signal pre-processing circuit, and uses internal voltage comparator of P89LPC932 to give video signals binary processing, all of which realize changes of filter and video amplification of the original signals. The use of P89LPC932 capture or comparative unit (CCU) realizes the sampling of video signals by the capture of video pulse signals. At the same time, it uses computer programming to deal with data, achieving displacement measurements. This thesis studies M-Bus By P89LPC932 capture/compare unit (CCU) to capture the video pulse signals to achieve a sampling of video signals, while the use of computer programming for data processing, and displacement measurements. M-BUS slave interface circuit, developed by M-BUS standard, achieves the purpose of reliable communication.
This thesis makes experiment of CCD drive and video processing circuit. The results show that the driving circuit can match well with CCD to output stable and reliable signals, with the characteristics of CCD photoelectric conversion fully developed. Video pre-processing circuit achieves some effects on controlling main noise which influents CCD image-quality, improves signal-to-noise ratio, and provides high-quality signals for further signal-processing. This thesis writes programs and makes debugging, and gives analysis of system errors.
引文
1.王庆有.CCD应用技术[M]..天津：天津大学出版社,2000,20-52.
2.周立功等.LPC900系列Flash单片机应用技术[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
3.徐乐年.立井井筒破坏事故动态监测的研究[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2006.
4.康华光.电子技术基础.数字部分[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000,179-263.
5.李朝青.PC机及单片机数据通信技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,95-99.
6.周立功等.LPC900系列Flash单片机应用技术(上册)[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,77-80.
7.何立民.单片机应用系统设计[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,375-387.
8.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司P89LPC900单片机与串口通信例程[J],2004：1-6.
9.友清.科学CCD的过去、现状和未来[J].激光与光电子学进展,1995,(10)：8-10.
10.徐乐年,王渭明,王必胜.井筒安全监测报警系统[J],建井技术,2003,2(1)：27-29.
11.王庆有.图像传感器应用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
12.蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1992.
13.袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1996.
14.日本东芝公司线阵CCD数据手册[J],1997：368-376.
15.廖宁放.实用CCD外围电路设计[J].电子技术,1993,(12)：22-25
16.赵洋,郝群,李达成.CCD高速信号采集和处理系统[J].光电工程,1998,25(5)：42-45
17.Kaoli Huang, Changqing Zhu. Application of Liner CCD Sensor[J]. Proceedings of The International Symposium on Test and. Measurement,1999:951-953.
18.W. F. Ransom, Digital Image Techniques in Experimental Stress Analysis[J], Optical Engineering, Vol.21,1982:427-431.
19.Y. S. Li, T. Y. Young, J. A. Magerl. Subpixel Edge Detection and Estimation with a Microprocessor-controlled Line Scan Camera[J], IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.35,1988: 105-112.
20.兰荣清.线阵CCD驱动器设计新方法[J].光电子激光,1997,8(4)：295-297.
21.张化朋.用单片机驱动线阵CCD的设计探讨[J].光学技术,2000,26(4)：342-347
22.冯列峰.半导体激光器光电特性的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
23.童诗白.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1988.339-350.
24.Texas Instruments. Meter-Bus Transceiver TSS721A[J], SLAS 222,1999,13(2):34-36.
25.孟样.M-BUS总线及其应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,2003,3(1)：43-45.
26.刘明辉.井筒安全监测报警系统[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2005.
27.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司P89LPC932单片机使用指南[J],2004：1-91.
28.刘鸣,车立新,陈兴梧等.温度传感器DS18B20的特性及程序设计方法[J],电测与仪表2001,38(10)：47—51.
29.阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998.308-340.
30.邹逢兴等.计算机应用系统的故障诊断与可靠性技术基础[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1999,5-8.
31.葛永明.M-BUS,总线及其在热量计量中的应用[J],机电工程,2003,20(6)：50-52.
32.常东来,江亿.TSS721A在自动抄表系统中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2000,26(8)：59-60.
33.阎德光,谢军龙.M-BUS二线制总线[J],自动化仪表,2003,24(3)：33-36.34.从兰美.基于CAN总线的井筒监测报警系统[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2006.
35.Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer DS18B20[J],2004:1-20.
36.Robert.D.LaBelle, Sean D. Gaarvey. Introduction to High Performance CCD Cameras[J]. IEEE,1995,(30):1-5.
37.X. Jing, S. Qi, W. Wang et al. Study on Low Noise Processing Circuit in CCD Output Signal[M]. Journal of Optoelectronics. Laser,2001,12(11):1126-1129.
38.S. Park H. Uh, S. Choi. A High-sensitivity CCD Image Sensor Using Source Follower Circuit with Actively Controlled Gain Characteristics. Sensors and Actuators[J]. A: Physical,2002,101(1):10-13.
39.G R. Hopkinson, D.H. Lomb. Noise Reduction Techniques for CCD Image Sensors[J]. Phys. E:Sci, lnstrum,1999,15(2):25-30.
40.ZhaoYuliang, XuZhaolin. Amelioration and precision improving of slit width measurement system based on the orthogonal linear CCD[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(1): 75-77.
41.ZhaoGuiJun. etc. Study on dynamic imaging on push-broom TDI CCD optica remote sensor[J]. Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering,2006,14(2): 291-296.
42.J.B.Liao, M. H. Wu.A coordinate measuring machine vision system [J]. Computers in Industry,1999, (38):239-248.
43.B.Skarman, J.Becker, K.Wozniak. Simultaneous 3D-PIV and temperature measurements using a new CCD-based holographic interferometer[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2004,33(10):1711-1716.
44.SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics GROUP Three Terminal Adjustable Current Sources LM334[J],1997:1-10.
45.Texas Instruments. Meter-Bus Transceiver TSS721A[J], SLAS 222,1999,13(2):34-36.
46.J.K.Fraczek. Assessment of hazard caused by intrinsically safe systems Electrical safety in hazardous environments[J], conference publication,1994,390(26):19-21.
47.沙占友.集成化智能传感器原理与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,1994,1-4.
48.孟样.M-BUS总线及其应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,2003,3(1)：43-45.
49.阎德光,谢军龙.M-BUS二线制总线[J],自动化仪表,2003,24(3)：33-36.
50.高国富,罗均.智能传感器及其应用[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005,1-13.
2.周立功等.LPC900系列Flash单片机应用技术[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
3.徐乐年.立井井筒破坏事故动态监测的研究[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2006.
4.康华光.电子技术基础.数字部分[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000,179-263.
5.李朝青.PC机及单片机数据通信技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000,95-99.
6.周立功等.LPC900系列Flash单片机应用技术(上册)[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,77-80.
7.何立民.单片机应用系统设计[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,375-387.
8.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司P89LPC900单片机与串口通信例程[J],2004：1-6.
9.友清.科学CCD的过去、现状和未来[J].激光与光电子学进展,1995,(10)：8-10.
10.徐乐年,王渭明,王必胜.井筒安全监测报警系统[J],建井技术,2003,2(1)：27-29.
11.王庆有.图像传感器应用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
12.蔡文贵,李永远,许振华.CCD技术及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1992.
13.袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1996.
14.日本东芝公司线阵CCD数据手册[J],1997：368-376.
15.廖宁放.实用CCD外围电路设计[J].电子技术,1993,(12)：22-25
16.赵洋,郝群,李达成.CCD高速信号采集和处理系统[J].光电工程,1998,25(5)：42-45
17.Kaoli Huang, Changqing Zhu. Application of Liner CCD Sensor[J]. Proceedings of The International Symposium on Test and. Measurement,1999:951-953.
18.W. F. Ransom, Digital Image Techniques in Experimental Stress Analysis[J], Optical Engineering, Vol.21,1982:427-431.
19.Y. S. Li, T. Y. Young, J. A. Magerl. Subpixel Edge Detection and Estimation with a Microprocessor-controlled Line Scan Camera[J], IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.35,1988: 105-112.
20.兰荣清.线阵CCD驱动器设计新方法[J].光电子激光,1997,8(4)：295-297.
21.张化朋.用单片机驱动线阵CCD的设计探讨[J].光学技术,2000,26(4)：342-347
22.冯列峰.半导体激光器光电特性的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
23.童诗白.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1988.339-350.
24.Texas Instruments. Meter-Bus Transceiver TSS721A[J], SLAS 222,1999,13(2):34-36.
25.孟样.M-BUS总线及其应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,2003,3(1)：43-45.
26.刘明辉.井筒安全监测报警系统[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2005.
27.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司P89LPC932单片机使用指南[J],2004：1-91.
28.刘鸣,车立新,陈兴梧等.温度传感器DS18B20的特性及程序设计方法[J],电测与仪表2001,38(10)：47—51.
29.阎石.数字电子技术基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998.308-340.
30.邹逢兴等.计算机应用系统的故障诊断与可靠性技术基础[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1999,5-8.
31.葛永明.M-BUS,总线及其在热量计量中的应用[J],机电工程,2003,20(6)：50-52.
32.常东来,江亿.TSS721A在自动抄表系统中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2000,26(8)：59-60.
33.阎德光,谢军龙.M-BUS二线制总线[J],自动化仪表,2003,24(3)：33-36.34.从兰美.基于CAN总线的井筒监测报警系统[D].青岛.山东科技大学,2006.
35.Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer DS18B20[J],2004:1-20.
36.Robert.D.LaBelle, Sean D. Gaarvey. Introduction to High Performance CCD Cameras[J]. IEEE,1995,(30):1-5.
37.X. Jing, S. Qi, W. Wang et al. Study on Low Noise Processing Circuit in CCD Output Signal[M]. Journal of Optoelectronics. Laser,2001,12(11):1126-1129.
38.S. Park H. Uh, S. Choi. A High-sensitivity CCD Image Sensor Using Source Follower Circuit with Actively Controlled Gain Characteristics. Sensors and Actuators[J]. A: Physical,2002,101(1):10-13.
39.G R. Hopkinson, D.H. Lomb. Noise Reduction Techniques for CCD Image Sensors[J]. Phys. E:Sci, lnstrum,1999,15(2):25-30.
40.ZhaoYuliang, XuZhaolin. Amelioration and precision improving of slit width measurement system based on the orthogonal linear CCD[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006,35(1): 75-77.
41.ZhaoGuiJun. etc. Study on dynamic imaging on push-broom TDI CCD optica remote sensor[J]. Guangxue Jingmi Gongcheng/Optics and Precision Engineering,2006,14(2): 291-296.
42.J.B.Liao, M. H. Wu.A coordinate measuring machine vision system [J]. Computers in Industry,1999, (38):239-248.
43.B.Skarman, J.Becker, K.Wozniak. Simultaneous 3D-PIV and temperature measurements using a new CCD-based holographic interferometer[J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2004,33(10):1711-1716.
44.SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics GROUP Three Terminal Adjustable Current Sources LM334[J],1997:1-10.
45.Texas Instruments. Meter-Bus Transceiver TSS721A[J], SLAS 222,1999,13(2):34-36.
46.J.K.Fraczek. Assessment of hazard caused by intrinsically safe systems Electrical safety in hazardous environments[J], conference publication,1994,390(26):19-21.
47.沙占友.集成化智能传感器原理与应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,1994,1-4.
48.孟样.M-BUS总线及其应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,2003,3(1)：43-45.
49.阎德光,谢军龙.M-BUS二线制总线[J],自动化仪表,2003,24(3)：33-36.
50.高国富,罗均.智能传感器及其应用[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005,1-13.
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