高速木工机械电主轴空载热平衡分析
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摘要
随着科学技术的进步,高速加工作为一项非常有前景的先进制造技术,已经大大提高了生产效率和降低了生产成本。高速加工技术的推广必须以高速机床为前提。高速电主轴技术在高速机床的研究和发展中有重要意义。高速木工机械电主轴是结合金属加工用电主轴的主要技术,根据木材高速铣削原理和木材加工工艺特性发展起来的一种木材加工机床上的核心部件。由于电主轴加工对象是木材,在高速旋转的条件下,电主轴切削载荷不大,因此由切削载荷引起的变形量对加工精度的影响就非常小,但木屑是切削热的不良导体,同时由于木材加工过程中粉尘较多,对主轴系统的密封保护要求较高,这就造成了影响电主轴寿命和加工精度的核心问题——电主轴系统的热平衡问题。若电主轴系统的热平衡问题不能得到很好的解决,就会引起主轴的变形、影响材料的加工精度、降低主轴系统的使用寿命。因此为了减少电主轴的温升和热变形,必须对高速电主轴的热态特性进行分析。
本文采用理论分析和计算机模拟有限元分析相结合的方法,对高速木工机械电主轴HSL110的热态特性做了详细的理论分析和模拟研究。首先计算了高速电主轴中内装式电机的损耗发热和轴承的摩擦发热,研究了主轴系统的温度场传热机制,并分析了系统的散热特性。高速电主轴热态特性的有限元模型在此基础上被建立,电主轴有限元热分析的边界条件也被确立,用ANSYS软件进行运算分析,并对该结果进行了理论验证。最后提出了改进高速电主轴热态特性的主要方案——改善电主轴温度场分布的壳体方案。
With the development of the technology, high-speed machining has been a promising advanced manufacturing technology for increasing productivity and reducing production costs dramatically. High-speed machine tool is the precondition for realizing high-speed machining. High-speed motorized spindle technology is of great significance to the research and development of high-speed machine tool. Woodworking high-speed motorized spindle is a heart part of the woodworking machine tool that has the technology infrastructure of metal high-speed motorized spindle and which fits with the milling principle and technological characteristics of woodworking. In conditions of the high-speed rotation, for the processing objects of high-speed spindle is wood, the chip-load of high-speed spindle is little, so the deformation that caused by chip-load will lead lesser effect on machining accuracy. Because of woodworking processing produces much fine dust and chip dust which is a kind of poor conductors of heat, so a strict install for protecting spindle system is necessary, but that also causes a typical problem which concerns with the life of the high-speed spindle and the machining accuracy-thermal balance. Not dealt with it, there were bigger axial deformation, wore machining accuracy and short life of the spindle system.
In this paper, used the kind of technology which combines theoretical analysis with computer simulation, I have studied particularly the theoretical analysis and simulator investigation of the woodworking high-speed spindle HSL110. The heat generation developed in the built-in motor and the bearing is calculated. The heat-transfer crisis of spindle system and the thermal diffusivity of the system have been dissected. The motorized spindle is modeled and its thermal characteristics analysis by finite element method is also done using ANSYS software. The boundary conditions of the analysis have been modeled and the consequence has been tested and verified by theoretical method. Finally the measurement that can improve the thermal distribution of the high-speed spindle has been decided——the design of the shell.
本文采用理论分析和计算机模拟有限元分析相结合的方法,对高速木工机械电主轴HSL110的热态特性做了详细的理论分析和模拟研究。首先计算了高速电主轴中内装式电机的损耗发热和轴承的摩擦发热,研究了主轴系统的温度场传热机制,并分析了系统的散热特性。高速电主轴热态特性的有限元模型在此基础上被建立,电主轴有限元热分析的边界条件也被确立,用ANSYS软件进行运算分析,并对该结果进行了理论验证。最后提出了改进高速电主轴热态特性的主要方案——改善电主轴温度场分布的壳体方案。
With the development of the technology, high-speed machining has been a promising advanced manufacturing technology for increasing productivity and reducing production costs dramatically. High-speed machine tool is the precondition for realizing high-speed machining. High-speed motorized spindle technology is of great significance to the research and development of high-speed machine tool. Woodworking high-speed motorized spindle is a heart part of the woodworking machine tool that has the technology infrastructure of metal high-speed motorized spindle and which fits with the milling principle and technological characteristics of woodworking. In conditions of the high-speed rotation, for the processing objects of high-speed spindle is wood, the chip-load of high-speed spindle is little, so the deformation that caused by chip-load will lead lesser effect on machining accuracy. Because of woodworking processing produces much fine dust and chip dust which is a kind of poor conductors of heat, so a strict install for protecting spindle system is necessary, but that also causes a typical problem which concerns with the life of the high-speed spindle and the machining accuracy-thermal balance. Not dealt with it, there were bigger axial deformation, wore machining accuracy and short life of the spindle system.
In this paper, used the kind of technology which combines theoretical analysis with computer simulation, I have studied particularly the theoretical analysis and simulator investigation of the woodworking high-speed spindle HSL110. The heat generation developed in the built-in motor and the bearing is calculated. The heat-transfer crisis of spindle system and the thermal diffusivity of the system have been dissected. The motorized spindle is modeled and its thermal characteristics analysis by finite element method is also done using ANSYS software. The boundary conditions of the analysis have been modeled and the consequence has been tested and verified by theoretical method. Finally the measurement that can improve the thermal distribution of the high-speed spindle has been decided——the design of the shell.
引文
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[2]Bern Bossmanns and Jay F.Tu.A Thermal Model for High Speed Motorized Spindles[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,1999,Vol.39:1345-1366.
[3]Bern Bossmanns and Jay F.Tu.A Power Flow Model for High Speed Motorized Spindles-Heat Generation Characterization[J].ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2001,Vol.123:494-505.
[4]V.P.Raja and P.R.Pillai.Thermal Analysis of Spindle Units under High Speed Machining[J]. IE(I)Journal-MC,2001,Vol.81:155-159.
[5]Sun-min Kim,Kang-Jae Lee,Sun kyu Lee.Effect of bearing support structure on the high-speed spindle bearing compliance[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2002,vol.42:365-373.
[6]Sun-min Kim,Sun kyu Lee.Prediction of thermo-elastic behavior in a spindle-bearing system considering bearing surrounding[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2002,vol.41:809-831.
[7]Mohammed A.Alfares,Abdallah A.Esharkawy.Effects of axial preloading of angular contact ball bearing on the dynamics of a grinding machine spindle system[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2003,vol.136:48-59.
[8]B.W.Huang , H.K.Kung.Variations of instability in a rotating spindle system with various bearings[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2003,vol.45:57-72.
[9] Hongqi Li,Yung C.Shin.Analysis of bearing configuration effects on high speed spindles using an integrated dynamic thermo-mechanical spindle model[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2004,vol.44:347-364.
[10]Chi-wei Lin ,Jay F.Tu, Joe Kamman.An integrated thermo- mechanical -dynamic modle to characterize motorized machine tool spindles during very high speed rotation[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2003,vol.43:1035-1050.
[11]解文志.高速电主轴动静态特性的有限元分析[D].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.6.
[12]蒋兴奇,马家驹,赵联春.高速精密角接触球轴承热分析[J].轴承,2000,(8):l-4.
[13]张伯霖,夏红梅,黄晓明.高速电主轴设计制造中若干问题的探讨[J].制造技术与机床,2001,(7):12-14.
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[18]宋春明,赵宁,张士勇.基于ANSYS的高速电主轴静动态研究[J].煤矿机械,2007,28 (4):58-60.
[19]闫红卫,徐同申.国内电主轴的起源与发展[J].机械工人,2005, (11):25-26.
[20]朱珍,胡鹏浩,陶壹等.主轴三维温度场及热变形分析[J].工具技术,2008,42(4):66-68.
[21]田华.数控机床高速电主轴结构设计及性能分析[D].重庆:四川大学,2006.4.
[22]严道发.电主轴技术综述[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(6):1-3.
[23]郭军.基于热接触分析的电主轴热态特性研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2005.4.
[24]陈兆年,陈子辰.机床热态特性学基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1989.
[25]李贤明,孙继峰,林洪涛等.中小型高速电机滚动轴承发热与噪音问题的探讨[J].电机技术,2005, (2):24-26.
[26]李志荣,王雅萍.高速重载滚动轴承发热原因及预防[J].矿山机械,2007,35(9):135-138.
[27]康高闻.中型电机轴承发热、抱死的故障原因分析[J].宁夏机械,2006, (2):50-52.
[28]Hirotoshi Aramaki,Yoshio Shoda,Yuka Morishitaetal.The performance of Ball Bearings with Silicon Nitride Ceramic Balls in High Speed Spindles for Machine Tools[J].Journal of Tribology,1988,vol.110(10):693-698.
[29]林辉,肖曙红.木工机械用高速电主轴特点及关键技术.机床与加工技术[J],2007,36(12):43-44.
[30]刘素华,袁世先.电主轴关键技术及工艺要点.安阳师范学院学报[J],2003,13(5):30-32.
[31]张珂,吴玉厚.高速电主轴单元的振动性能研究.沈阳建筑大学学报[J],2005,21(4):40-42.
[32]肖章林.高速主轴单元热态特性及润滑技术的研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,1999.
[33]范梦吾.高速电主轴热变形的有限元分析[D].广州:广东工业大学,2004.
[34]李贤明,孙继峰,林洪涛等.中小型高速电机滚动轴承发热与噪音问题的探讨[J].电机技术,2005, (2) :24-26.
[35]马大国.木工机械电主轴及其关键技术分析.林业机械与木工设备[J],2008,36(10):7-9.
[36]林辉.木工机械用高速电主轴设计与性能分析[D].广州:广东工业大学,2008.5.
[37]吕慎刚.高速电主轴振动控制技术研究[D].江苏:东南大学,2006.
[38]王松岭.流体力学[M] .北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[39]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[40]张明华,袁松梅,刘强.基于有限元分析方法的高速电主轴热态特性研究[J].制造技术与机床,2008, (4):29-32.
[41]刘振宇.高速主轴用滚动轴承性能分析与试验研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2006.5.
[42]刘静香,任春红.高速电主轴的热特性分析[J].机械设计与制造,2005,(7):114-115.
[43]A.И.鲍里先科,B.Г.丹科,A.И.亚科夫列夫.电机中的空气动力学与热传递[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.1-7.
[44]丁舜年.大型电机的发热与冷却[M].北京:科学出版社,1992.
[45]万长森.滚动轴承的分析方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.52-56.
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