基于三维仿真模拟的公路景观评价
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摘要
随着我国公路建设事业的飞速发展和人民生活水平的大幅提高,人们对公路的要求也不断提高。公路除了满足交通功能以外,还要求具有景观特性,以满足人们的心理需求。现阶段有许多国内外学者研究公路景观和公路景观评价,也获得了相应的成果。但在中国,目前还没有形成一套完整的设计指南应用于指导公路景观设计,也没有一套完整的评价指标体系进行公路景观评价,因此公路景观评价研究将完善提高我国公路景观建设水平。
本文根据国内外公路景观及景观评价的研究和实践成果,结合陕西省高速公路景观的实际状况,首先探讨了现阶段我国公路景观研究所存在的主要问题；其次,研究三维仿真软件UC-win/Road的建模过程,展示公路景观整体效果图；第三,研究公路景观、公路景观评价、评价指标体系等内容,分析对比主要的公路景观评价方法,使用调查分析法对陕西省高速公路自身景观要素景观质量进行评价,分析评价结果探寻主要景观问题,总结高速公路景观评价理论,运用UC-win/Road三维仿真软件模拟公路景观,对比展示公路景观要素美化前后的效果图；最后,运用本文的研究成果分析西宝高速公路所存在的主要景观问题,通过美学手法进行处理,利用三维仿真软件做出具有美感的公路景观效果图。
本文的研究能够帮助识别现阶段陕西省高速公路景观存在的主要问题,并提供了相应的美学处理手法,结合三维仿真模拟软件可更加直观、逼真的展示高速公路景观整体景观效果,有助于指导高速公路景观的建设以及景观要素的美化改善。
With the rapid development of China's highway construction and the large improvement of living standard, people increase the requirement to the highway continuously. Except satisfying the traffic function, the highway is required to possess landscape characteristics to satisfy people's psychological needs. But in China, there is no forming a complete set of designing guidelines to guide the design of highway landscape and complete index system to apply to the evaluation of highway landscape. Therefore, Highway landscape evaluation research will improve highway landscape construction level in China.
First of all, according to the domestic and foreign highway landscape and landscape evaluation study and practice of the results, this paper probes the present main questions of the highway landscape research. Secondly, this paper which researches the simulation process of 3d simulation software named UC-win\Road shows the integral rendering of highway landscape. Third, this paper studies the highway landscape, highway landscape evaluation, evaluation index system, etc with analyzing and compromising the main highway landscape evaluation methods. And it also evaluates the qualities of landscape elements in Shaanxi province by using survey analysis method, analyzing the results of evaluation, finding the main landscape problems, summarizing the related theory of evaluation, displaying the highway landscape elements renderings before and after by using the 3d simulation software UC-win\Road which simulating the highway landscape. Finally, aesthetic highway landscape renderings can be made by 3d simulation, using the result of this paper to analyze the main questions of Xibao freeway and dealing it with aesthetic techniques.
This study which offers the corresponding aesthetics and provides processing technique can help to identify present freeway landscape problems of Shaanxi province. And it could help to guide the construction of freeway landscape and the beautification improvement of landscape elements with combining the 3d simulation software which can display the overall effect of highway landscape more intuitive and realistic.
本文根据国内外公路景观及景观评价的研究和实践成果,结合陕西省高速公路景观的实际状况,首先探讨了现阶段我国公路景观研究所存在的主要问题；其次,研究三维仿真软件UC-win/Road的建模过程,展示公路景观整体效果图；第三,研究公路景观、公路景观评价、评价指标体系等内容,分析对比主要的公路景观评价方法,使用调查分析法对陕西省高速公路自身景观要素景观质量进行评价,分析评价结果探寻主要景观问题,总结高速公路景观评价理论,运用UC-win/Road三维仿真软件模拟公路景观,对比展示公路景观要素美化前后的效果图；最后,运用本文的研究成果分析西宝高速公路所存在的主要景观问题,通过美学手法进行处理,利用三维仿真软件做出具有美感的公路景观效果图。
本文的研究能够帮助识别现阶段陕西省高速公路景观存在的主要问题,并提供了相应的美学处理手法,结合三维仿真模拟软件可更加直观、逼真的展示高速公路景观整体景观效果,有助于指导高速公路景观的建设以及景观要素的美化改善。
With the rapid development of China's highway construction and the large improvement of living standard, people increase the requirement to the highway continuously. Except satisfying the traffic function, the highway is required to possess landscape characteristics to satisfy people's psychological needs. But in China, there is no forming a complete set of designing guidelines to guide the design of highway landscape and complete index system to apply to the evaluation of highway landscape. Therefore, Highway landscape evaluation research will improve highway landscape construction level in China.
First of all, according to the domestic and foreign highway landscape and landscape evaluation study and practice of the results, this paper probes the present main questions of the highway landscape research. Secondly, this paper which researches the simulation process of 3d simulation software named UC-win\Road shows the integral rendering of highway landscape. Third, this paper studies the highway landscape, highway landscape evaluation, evaluation index system, etc with analyzing and compromising the main highway landscape evaluation methods. And it also evaluates the qualities of landscape elements in Shaanxi province by using survey analysis method, analyzing the results of evaluation, finding the main landscape problems, summarizing the related theory of evaluation, displaying the highway landscape elements renderings before and after by using the 3d simulation software UC-win\Road which simulating the highway landscape. Finally, aesthetic highway landscape renderings can be made by 3d simulation, using the result of this paper to analyze the main questions of Xibao freeway and dealing it with aesthetic techniques.
This study which offers the corresponding aesthetics and provides processing technique can help to identify present freeway landscape problems of Shaanxi province. And it could help to guide the construction of freeway landscape and the beautification improvement of landscape elements with combining the 3d simulation software which can display the overall effect of highway landscape more intuitive and realistic.
引文
[1]History of Scenic Road Programs, Federal Highway Administration,2007.4
[2]ISBN 7-114-06197-8,国内外公路景观与环境设计指南[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[3]柳孟松.基于三维动态模型的公路景观视觉影响评价研究[D],西安：长安大学,2008.5
[4]JTG B03—2006,公路建设项目环境影响评价规范[S].北京：中华人民共和国交通部,2006
[5]张阳,董小林.公路景观及视觉影响评价方法研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1999,19(4)
[6]李修刚,王炜等.用于道路环境影响综合评价的基于GIS的图形叠置法[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(4)
[7]曾小明,陈军等.基于模糊数学的公路景观环境评价[J].公路,2003,(7)：120-122
[8]张阳.公路景观学[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2004：43-44
[9]Landscape and Aesthetics Design Manual, Texas Department of Transportation,2009.11
[10]马智亮.UC-win\Road实用教程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[11]张阳,王天问,崔永峰.基于生态基础的公路景观规划设计[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2008,28(5)：45-47
[12]付毅.高等级公路景观评价方法研究[D],吉林：吉林大学,2005.5
[13]刘博.道路动态景观设计研究与模拟仿真[D].天津：天津大学建筑学院,2008.6
[14]汪慧君.基于驾驶员视觉图像特征的公路景观评价方法研究[D],上海：同济大学,2009.4
[15]Drysdale M. Landscape and Visual Assessment:Te Rapa Bypass Section 92 RMA Request,2007.11
[16]王建军,赖有兵,王婷静.基于驾驶员视觉心理特性的高等级公路景观分析[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2006,4(5)：73-77
[17]顾韩,王晓春,曹军.公路景观评价研究进展[J].西部交通科技,2006：20-22
[18]王军锋.道路景观评价指标体系研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005.5
[19]邵强,李友俊,田庆旺.综合评价指标体系构建方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(3)：74-76
[20]http://baike.baidu.com/view/364279.htm
[21]顾韩,田大方,王晓春等.公路景观评价中AHP和模糊数学分析法的对比[J].建筑管理现代化,2006,(90)：18-20
[22]顾韩.公路景观评价研究[D],哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2006.6
[23]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3636909.htm
[24]石磊,丁剑霆,常春媛.模糊推理技术在公路景观评价系统中的应用[J].森林工程,2008,24(6)：81-83
[25]王江平,高爱坤,赖有兵.基于多级模糊评价方法的公路景观评价分析[J].中外公路,2008,28(5)：24-28
[26]杜志民,王建军.基于多级模糊评价方法的公路景观评价分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(12)：144-148
[27]赵国.公路景观与桥梁美学研究[D],西安：长安大学,2007.11
[28]Dixon K.K., Liebler M, Zhu Hong, et al. Safe and Aesthetic Design of Urban Roadside Treatments, Washington D.C:Transportation Research Board,2008
[29]陈曦,王林涛.高速公路边坡景观设计原则和思路研究[J].交通标准化,2010,(220)：58-61
[30]贾致荣.路堑环境协调性设计与评价方法研究[D],上海：同济大学,2008.12
[31]王云,李海峰,陈学平.公路路域景观美学评价[J].公路,2009,(3)：162-167
[32]Wang Yun, Li Hai feng, Cui Peng. The Impact of Character Differences of Highway Landscape on Aesthetic Perception. International Conference on Transportation Engineering,2007
[2]ISBN 7-114-06197-8,国内外公路景观与环境设计指南[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[3]柳孟松.基于三维动态模型的公路景观视觉影响评价研究[D],西安：长安大学,2008.5
[4]JTG B03—2006,公路建设项目环境影响评价规范[S].北京：中华人民共和国交通部,2006
[5]张阳,董小林.公路景观及视觉影响评价方法研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1999,19(4)
[6]李修刚,王炜等.用于道路环境影响综合评价的基于GIS的图形叠置法[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(4)
[7]曾小明,陈军等.基于模糊数学的公路景观环境评价[J].公路,2003,(7)：120-122
[8]张阳.公路景观学[M].北京：中国建材工业出版社,2004：43-44
[9]Landscape and Aesthetics Design Manual, Texas Department of Transportation,2009.11
[10]马智亮.UC-win\Road实用教程[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[11]张阳,王天问,崔永峰.基于生态基础的公路景观规划设计[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2008,28(5)：45-47
[12]付毅.高等级公路景观评价方法研究[D],吉林：吉林大学,2005.5
[13]刘博.道路动态景观设计研究与模拟仿真[D].天津：天津大学建筑学院,2008.6
[14]汪慧君.基于驾驶员视觉图像特征的公路景观评价方法研究[D],上海：同济大学,2009.4
[15]Drysdale M. Landscape and Visual Assessment:Te Rapa Bypass Section 92 RMA Request,2007.11
[16]王建军,赖有兵,王婷静.基于驾驶员视觉心理特性的高等级公路景观分析[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2006,4(5)：73-77
[17]顾韩,王晓春,曹军.公路景观评价研究进展[J].西部交通科技,2006：20-22
[18]王军锋.道路景观评价指标体系研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005.5
[19]邵强,李友俊,田庆旺.综合评价指标体系构建方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(3)：74-76
[20]http://baike.baidu.com/view/364279.htm
[21]顾韩,田大方,王晓春等.公路景观评价中AHP和模糊数学分析法的对比[J].建筑管理现代化,2006,(90)：18-20
[22]顾韩.公路景观评价研究[D],哈尔滨：东北林业大学,2006.6
[23]http://baike.baidu.com/view/3636909.htm
[24]石磊,丁剑霆,常春媛.模糊推理技术在公路景观评价系统中的应用[J].森林工程,2008,24(6)：81-83
[25]王江平,高爱坤,赖有兵.基于多级模糊评价方法的公路景观评价分析[J].中外公路,2008,28(5)：24-28
[26]杜志民,王建军.基于多级模糊评价方法的公路景观评价分析[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(12)：144-148
[27]赵国.公路景观与桥梁美学研究[D],西安：长安大学,2007.11
[28]Dixon K.K., Liebler M, Zhu Hong, et al. Safe and Aesthetic Design of Urban Roadside Treatments, Washington D.C:Transportation Research Board,2008
[29]陈曦,王林涛.高速公路边坡景观设计原则和思路研究[J].交通标准化,2010,(220)：58-61
[30]贾致荣.路堑环境协调性设计与评价方法研究[D],上海：同济大学,2008.12
[31]王云,李海峰,陈学平.公路路域景观美学评价[J].公路,2009,(3)：162-167
[32]Wang Yun, Li Hai feng, Cui Peng. The Impact of Character Differences of Highway Landscape on Aesthetic Perception. International Conference on Transportation Engineering,2007
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