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急倾斜煤层巷道围岩变形破坏特征及支护技术研究
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摘要
随着煤矿开采强度的不断增大,特别是近年来快速发展的高产高效技术,使开采条件好的煤炭储量在较短的服务年限内接近枯竭,急倾斜煤层的开采在我国越来越引起采矿界的重视。目前这类巷道仍然以单一或传统的的支护形式为主,支护效果较差,不能满足矿井安全生产的要求,因此开展对急倾斜煤层巷道变形破坏特征及支护技术的研究将是我国煤炭开采亟需解决的重大课题之一。
     通过分析急倾斜巷道围岩力学特性和围岩松动圈范围,总结了急倾斜煤层巷道的变形破坏具有非对称性,呈现“底板隆起,顶板下滑”的相互错动变形特征,导致支护结构承受的围岩载荷也具有明显的非对称性。因此要控制急倾斜煤层巷道围岩的稳定性,必须要对支护结构进行研究,基于急倾斜煤层巷道支护的特殊性,提出了“非对称载荷下锚网索耦合支护技术”,通过非对称布置且相互间工作性能耦合的锚网索支护方式来控制巷道的稳定性,达到对围岩变形破坏有效控制的目的。
     以四川广旺矿业公司赵家坝煤矿3964运输平巷为工程研究对象,对提出的非对称载荷下锚网索耦合支护方案通过数值模拟、相似材料模拟试验和矿压观测进行效果验证,结果表明该支护体系有效的控制了围岩的剧烈变形,巷道安全性得到了大幅度提高。
With the increasing of coal mining, especially, the high yield and high efficiency technology is developed rapidly in recent years, coal reserves under good condition has nearly exhausted in a relatively short period. So, the steep coal seam mining has been paid more and more attention by mining industry. So far, the support of gateway in steep coal seam is mainly dominated by single or traditional support patterns, which has very worse effect and can not meet the requirements of safety in production. For this reason, research on characteristics of deformation-failure of surrounding rock and supporting technology of gateway in steep coal seam will be one of the major issues, which is urgently solved for china's coal mining industry.
     Through the analysis of the surrounding rock mechanics and broken rock zone of roadway in steep coal seam, the asymmetry of deformation-failure of roadway in steep coal seam is summarized, which presents the mutual rupture deformation characteristics with "bottom uplift, roof decline”and causes the bearing load to the supporting structure asymmetric. Therefore, the supporting structure of surrounding rock must be studied for the stability control. Based on the specific characteristics of support of roadway in steep coal seam, The bolt, steel mesh and anchor combined support under asymmetric loads is proposed, the purpose of controlling the stability of the surrounding rock of roadway is achieved by non-symmetrical layout and mutual performance couple between the bolt, steel mesh and anchor combined support.
     Taking the No.3964 roadway in Zhaojiaba coal mine of Sichuan Guangwang Group as study object, the bolt, steel mesh and anchor combined support is studied by the methods of numerical simulation, physical simulation and site test. The results show that the intense deformation of surrounding rock of roadway is controlled effectively and the safety of roadway is greatly improved by the support system.
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