沉积型铝土矿矿床模拟及采矿可视化设计技术研究
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摘要
长期以来,我国矿业受传统采矿模式的束缚,技术水平跟不上生产实际的需要。随着中国加入世贸组织,处在世纪之交信息技术蓬勃发展浪潮中的古老采矿业面临着机遇与挑战并存的局面,任何一个矿山企业只要率先创新意识,把信息资源当作矿山的重要战略资源之一加以统筹开发和综合利用,就会在现代企业竞争中取胜,并逐步走向可持续发展之路。
本论文针对南川铝土矿的资源情况和开采技术特点,将数字矿山理念渗透到该矿山的开采设计、生产管理、投资决策等领域,并取得了以下的研究成果：
1)通过运用先进的DIMINE数字矿山软件,建立了中铝重庆分公司所属几个矿区的三维实体模型,准确、直观、形象地反映了矿山各工程实体的空间形态,为矿山进行后续的探采设计和工程施工奠定了坚实的基础。
2)以南川铝土矿灰河采区的钻孔数据库为基础,进行了原始样品和组合样统计分析以及空间数据的变异函数分析,阐述了估值方法的选择原则,分别采用距离幂次反比法和传统方法对矿体的有用化学组分进行了品位推估,将距离幂次反比法估值后的块段模型分别按组分A12O3品级及中段高度进行了区间显示和储量统计,并对不同估值方法的储量计算结果进行了对比分析,指出传统方法(尤其是块段法)的优越性,利用该方法进行了实际的动态储量估算,基本弄清了灰河采区矿体品位的空间分布特征及资源储量的分布情况,进一步验证了地质数据库及矿体模型的准确性和有效性,也为后续的生产探矿设计和开采设计提供了资源方面的参考。
3)基于模糊优先关系比较法,综合考虑了影响采矿方案的动态、静态、定量和非定量指标,计算了3个待选择方案的隶属度并确定了它们的优先顺序,为采矿可视化设计提供了可靠的依据。
4)提出了人机交互式三维采矿优化设计技术,阐述了该技术的总体思路和优化的目标及方法,借助该技术在建立的矿区三维实体模型的基础上,根据采区资源分布情况和金属市场价格,划分了回采单元,并结合矿体的赋存规律、岩体的延展趋势和断层的出露特征,基于已有工程构建空间约束,本着资源利用最大化和开采成本最小化的原则,完成了生产勘探设计和采矿单体设计。
5)采用平行孔+扇形孔的联合设计法,对灰河采区内3号装矿巷道进行浅孔爆破可视化设计,并对设计参数进行了交互式修改和编辑,生成了爆破实体和二维的炮孔施工卡片,可用于指导现场施工。
6)通过分析该矿山灰河采区生产的基本特征并参照矿山在编制生产计划方面的要求,试探性地运用3D可视化计划编制的关键技术,形成了初始的计划编排结果。
通过本次研究,足见数字矿山技术对于提高采矿业的劳动效率、改变安全生产状况、促进绿色协调开采等具有重要意义。
In China, the technical level of mining industry can't keep up with the need of the practical production due to the straitjacket of traditional mining model for a long time.
After entering the WTO, Chinese old mining industry faces the opportunities and challenges at the turn of the century when information technology develops so rapidly. As long as the mining enterprise take the lead to innovate, treat the information resource as one of important strategic resources of mine and carry out the overall planning development and the comprehensive utilization, it will win in the modern competition and step into the sustainable development gradually.
According to the resource conditions and the characteristics of mining technology of Nanchuan bauxite, this thesis integrates the digital mine concepts into its mining design, production management, investment decision-making and so on, and has obtained the following research results:
1) Advanced digital mine software DIMINE was used to establish three-dimensional solid model of several mining areas of Chongqing Branch of CHALCO, which reflected the space form of various mine project entities accurately, intuitively and vividly. At the same time, it laid a solid foundation for conducting the following exploration, mining design and engineering construction.
2) Based on the drilling database of Huihe Mining District in Nanchuan bauxite, statistical analysis of sample and space variation functional analysis of spatial data were made to elaborate the selection principle of estimation methods. Meanwhile, distance power inverse ratio methods and traditional methods were adopted respectively for grade estimation of useful chemical components of the orebody. Then the estimated block mode was displayed according to respective grade level of A/S, A12O3 and reserve statistics were completed in the light of height of sublevel. The author conducted comparative analysis for reserve calculation results based on different estimation methods, and pointed out the advantage of traditional methods (block method particularly). An actual dynamic reserves estimation was carried out by using this method, and the spatial distribution characteristic of ore grade and the resources reserves distribution of Hui-he Mining District were clarified basically. The accuracy and validity of geological database and ore-body models were further verified, which can provide references of resource aspects for the follow-up production exploration design and mining design.
3) Based on the fuzzy preferential relation comparison method, lots of dynamic and static, fix and non-fix quantified influence factors working on the mining method were taken into account. Membership degrees of the three alternative schemes were calculated and their priority orders were determined, which provided the reliable basis for the mining visualization design.
4) Man-machine interactive three-dimensional mining optimization design technology was proposed, and the general ideas of the technology and the optimization of objectives and methods were described. with the aid of this technology, based on the established three-dimensional solid model of the mine, the extraction units were divided according to the resources distribution of the mining area and the metal market prices, and then combining the occurrence regularity of ore-body, the extension trends of rock mass and the outcrop feature of faults, in line with the maximization of resource utilization and the minimization of exploitation cost, the production exploration design and mining single design were completed based on the space constraints constructed by existing projects.
5) With the design method which combined parallel holes and fan-pattern holes, the shallow hole blasting visualization design was carried out in the No.3 loading ore tunnel of Hui-he mining district. The design parameters were modified and edited interactively to generate the blasting entity and two-dimensional blast-hole construction cards, which can be used to guide the field construction.
6) By analyzing the basic characteristics of the production of Huihe Mining District and referring to the requirements of production plan scheduling, the key technologies of 3D visualization plan formulation were used tentatively and the initial plan arrangement results were formed.
This study sufficiently indicates that the digital mine technology is important to improve labor efficiency of the mining industry, change safety production situation, and promote the green coordinated exploitation.
本论文针对南川铝土矿的资源情况和开采技术特点,将数字矿山理念渗透到该矿山的开采设计、生产管理、投资决策等领域,并取得了以下的研究成果：
1)通过运用先进的DIMINE数字矿山软件,建立了中铝重庆分公司所属几个矿区的三维实体模型,准确、直观、形象地反映了矿山各工程实体的空间形态,为矿山进行后续的探采设计和工程施工奠定了坚实的基础。
2)以南川铝土矿灰河采区的钻孔数据库为基础,进行了原始样品和组合样统计分析以及空间数据的变异函数分析,阐述了估值方法的选择原则,分别采用距离幂次反比法和传统方法对矿体的有用化学组分进行了品位推估,将距离幂次反比法估值后的块段模型分别按组分A12O3品级及中段高度进行了区间显示和储量统计,并对不同估值方法的储量计算结果进行了对比分析,指出传统方法(尤其是块段法)的优越性,利用该方法进行了实际的动态储量估算,基本弄清了灰河采区矿体品位的空间分布特征及资源储量的分布情况,进一步验证了地质数据库及矿体模型的准确性和有效性,也为后续的生产探矿设计和开采设计提供了资源方面的参考。
3)基于模糊优先关系比较法,综合考虑了影响采矿方案的动态、静态、定量和非定量指标,计算了3个待选择方案的隶属度并确定了它们的优先顺序,为采矿可视化设计提供了可靠的依据。
4)提出了人机交互式三维采矿优化设计技术,阐述了该技术的总体思路和优化的目标及方法,借助该技术在建立的矿区三维实体模型的基础上,根据采区资源分布情况和金属市场价格,划分了回采单元,并结合矿体的赋存规律、岩体的延展趋势和断层的出露特征,基于已有工程构建空间约束,本着资源利用最大化和开采成本最小化的原则,完成了生产勘探设计和采矿单体设计。
5)采用平行孔+扇形孔的联合设计法,对灰河采区内3号装矿巷道进行浅孔爆破可视化设计,并对设计参数进行了交互式修改和编辑,生成了爆破实体和二维的炮孔施工卡片,可用于指导现场施工。
6)通过分析该矿山灰河采区生产的基本特征并参照矿山在编制生产计划方面的要求,试探性地运用3D可视化计划编制的关键技术,形成了初始的计划编排结果。
通过本次研究,足见数字矿山技术对于提高采矿业的劳动效率、改变安全生产状况、促进绿色协调开采等具有重要意义。
In China, the technical level of mining industry can't keep up with the need of the practical production due to the straitjacket of traditional mining model for a long time.
After entering the WTO, Chinese old mining industry faces the opportunities and challenges at the turn of the century when information technology develops so rapidly. As long as the mining enterprise take the lead to innovate, treat the information resource as one of important strategic resources of mine and carry out the overall planning development and the comprehensive utilization, it will win in the modern competition and step into the sustainable development gradually.
According to the resource conditions and the characteristics of mining technology of Nanchuan bauxite, this thesis integrates the digital mine concepts into its mining design, production management, investment decision-making and so on, and has obtained the following research results:
1) Advanced digital mine software DIMINE was used to establish three-dimensional solid model of several mining areas of Chongqing Branch of CHALCO, which reflected the space form of various mine project entities accurately, intuitively and vividly. At the same time, it laid a solid foundation for conducting the following exploration, mining design and engineering construction.
2) Based on the drilling database of Huihe Mining District in Nanchuan bauxite, statistical analysis of sample and space variation functional analysis of spatial data were made to elaborate the selection principle of estimation methods. Meanwhile, distance power inverse ratio methods and traditional methods were adopted respectively for grade estimation of useful chemical components of the orebody. Then the estimated block mode was displayed according to respective grade level of A/S, A12O3 and reserve statistics were completed in the light of height of sublevel. The author conducted comparative analysis for reserve calculation results based on different estimation methods, and pointed out the advantage of traditional methods (block method particularly). An actual dynamic reserves estimation was carried out by using this method, and the spatial distribution characteristic of ore grade and the resources reserves distribution of Hui-he Mining District were clarified basically. The accuracy and validity of geological database and ore-body models were further verified, which can provide references of resource aspects for the follow-up production exploration design and mining design.
3) Based on the fuzzy preferential relation comparison method, lots of dynamic and static, fix and non-fix quantified influence factors working on the mining method were taken into account. Membership degrees of the three alternative schemes were calculated and their priority orders were determined, which provided the reliable basis for the mining visualization design.
4) Man-machine interactive three-dimensional mining optimization design technology was proposed, and the general ideas of the technology and the optimization of objectives and methods were described. with the aid of this technology, based on the established three-dimensional solid model of the mine, the extraction units were divided according to the resources distribution of the mining area and the metal market prices, and then combining the occurrence regularity of ore-body, the extension trends of rock mass and the outcrop feature of faults, in line with the maximization of resource utilization and the minimization of exploitation cost, the production exploration design and mining single design were completed based on the space constraints constructed by existing projects.
5) With the design method which combined parallel holes and fan-pattern holes, the shallow hole blasting visualization design was carried out in the No.3 loading ore tunnel of Hui-he mining district. The design parameters were modified and edited interactively to generate the blasting entity and two-dimensional blast-hole construction cards, which can be used to guide the field construction.
6) By analyzing the basic characteristics of the production of Huihe Mining District and referring to the requirements of production plan scheduling, the key technologies of 3D visualization plan formulation were used tentatively and the initial plan arrangement results were formed.
This study sufficiently indicates that the digital mine technology is important to improve labor efficiency of the mining industry, change safety production situation, and promote the green coordinated exploitation.
引文
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