协同无线中继网络编码的链路性能研究
|
摘要
下一代宽带蜂窝移动通信系统(IMT-Advanced)引入无线中继技术以扩展覆盖范围,同时也考虑利用协同中继技术获得空间分集增益,从而提高系统的频谱效率和数据的传输速率。为了解决中继传输中,中继链路需要占用额外的资源,无法保证中继传输的高频谱效率的问题,网络编码技术被提出以进一步提高IMT-Advanced系统的无线中继传输性能。网络编码技术打破了传统的信息处理方式,它要求中继节点不仅仅转发接收到的信息,而是进行相应的信号处理后再转发。将网络编码运用到无线中继网络中,结合其特性可以增大无线网络的吞吐量,减少中继转发数据包的次数,提高系统的频谱效率。
在实际的无线环境下,由于无线信道的衰落特性,不可避免的造成各条无线链路都将存在传输误差。因此,在实际的衰落信道下,采用网络编码的中继系统距离多播系统理论容量界很远,甚至可能出现小于不采用网络编码的中继系统容量的情况。为了保证无线中继网络编码方案能够具有较好的性能增益且能够在实际无线中继系统中应用,本文根据不同应用场景,研究不同中继网络编码的物理层增强技术,以提高网络编码在无线中继环境下的链路传输性能。
文章的研究工作主要有以下几个方面：
1、对适用于双向中继和多址接入中继两种应用场景的网络编码方案进行了充分的调研。本文介绍了基于放大转发(Amplify-and-forward, AF)／译码转发(Decode-and-forward, DF)的几种常用网络编码,并对比了各种方案的中断概率／误码率,评估了各种方案的优缺点以及适用范围。
2、在双向中继场景中,为了提高网络编码映射的正确率,本文提出了基于双天线中继的Sum-Difference网络编码映射方案,通过理论推导和编程仿真验证了通过新算法中继节点可有效提高网络编码映射的正确率。在此基础上,本文提出了适用于正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM)的简化映射方案,通过仿真验证简化算法可在保证算法性能的基础上有效降低算法复杂度。
3、在多址接入中继场景中,若中继对源端的信号判决有误,并将该错误信号重构为网络编码信号,则会引起错误扩散,导致目的节点性能的急剧下降。因此,本文提出了基于互信息转发的网络编码方案。中继节点在对源信号进行判决时,通过计算互信息来判断判决的可靠性。中继在转发网络编码信号的同时,转发互信息。为对比该方案的性能优势,论文将其与基于AF、DF、EF (Estimate-and-forward,估计转发)三种转发方案的网络编码进行了对比,并通过仿真验证了新方案在各种信道条件下都能有效降低误码率。
The next-generation broadband cellular mobile communication system (IMT-Advanced) introduced the wireless relay technology to expand coverage. And the cooperative relay technology is also applied to provide spatial diversity gain, thereby enhancing spectral efficiency and data transfer rate. In order to solve the problem that the additional need for radio resource in the relay transmission cannot guarantee high spectrum efficiency, the network coding technique has been proposed in order to further improve the wireless relay transmission performance of IMT-Advanced system. Network coding technology breaks the traditional way of information processing. With network coding technology, the relay nodes conduct the corresponding signal processing and then forward the regenerated signals, instead of forwarding the information received. The application of network coding in the relay network increase the throughput of the wireless network, reduce times of the data packets are forwarded, and improve the spectral efficiency of the system.
In the wireless environment, due to the fading characteristics of the radio channel, the transmission errors will inevitably exist. Therefore, in the actual fading channel, there is a big gap between the capacity of the relay system using network coding and the theoretical capacity sector of multicast system, and the situation that the system capacity is degraded using network coding may occur. In order to ensure that the wireless network coding scheme has better performance gain and is able to be applied in actual radio relay system, the enhancement techniques of the physical layer with the network coding, which suitable for different application scenarios, are studied in this paper.
The researches in this paper focus on the following areas:
Firstly, the network coding schemes in two-way relay channel and multiple-access relay channel are full studied. Several commonly used network coding schemes based on AF (Amplify-and-forward) or DF (Decode-and-forward) are introduced in this paper. The outage probabilities and bit error rates of various schemes are provided to assess the strengths, weaknesses and the application scope of different schemes.
Secondly, in the two-way relay channel, in order to improve the accuracy of network coding mapping, a Sum-Difference network coding mapping scheme based on the dual-antenna relay is proposed in this paper. Both theoretical derivation and simulation results validate that the proposed scheme effectively improve the accuracy of the network coding mapping in relay node. In addition, a simplified algorithm is provided to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed scheme when quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is applied. The performance evaluation are given to illustrate and justify the computational complexity of mapping scheme is reduced, while maintaining the performance gain.
Finally, in the multiple-access relay channel, if the decision of the source signals at the relay node is incorrect, and the incorrect signal is applied in reconstructing the network coded signal, the error diffusion will occur and result in the sharp decline of the performance at the destination node. Therefore, a mutual information based soft forwarding network coding scheme is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the relay node determines the reliability of the signal decision by calculating the mutual information in the process of signal decision. The relay node forwards not only the network coded signal, but also the mutual information of the signal. Simulation results are given to justify the proposed scheme performs better on decreasing BER in a variety of channels, comparing to existing schemes including the AF-based, DF-based, EF (Estimate-and-forward)-based network coding scheme.
在实际的无线环境下,由于无线信道的衰落特性,不可避免的造成各条无线链路都将存在传输误差。因此,在实际的衰落信道下,采用网络编码的中继系统距离多播系统理论容量界很远,甚至可能出现小于不采用网络编码的中继系统容量的情况。为了保证无线中继网络编码方案能够具有较好的性能增益且能够在实际无线中继系统中应用,本文根据不同应用场景,研究不同中继网络编码的物理层增强技术,以提高网络编码在无线中继环境下的链路传输性能。
文章的研究工作主要有以下几个方面：
1、对适用于双向中继和多址接入中继两种应用场景的网络编码方案进行了充分的调研。本文介绍了基于放大转发(Amplify-and-forward, AF)／译码转发(Decode-and-forward, DF)的几种常用网络编码,并对比了各种方案的中断概率／误码率,评估了各种方案的优缺点以及适用范围。
2、在双向中继场景中,为了提高网络编码映射的正确率,本文提出了基于双天线中继的Sum-Difference网络编码映射方案,通过理论推导和编程仿真验证了通过新算法中继节点可有效提高网络编码映射的正确率。在此基础上,本文提出了适用于正交幅度调制(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM)的简化映射方案,通过仿真验证简化算法可在保证算法性能的基础上有效降低算法复杂度。
3、在多址接入中继场景中,若中继对源端的信号判决有误,并将该错误信号重构为网络编码信号,则会引起错误扩散,导致目的节点性能的急剧下降。因此,本文提出了基于互信息转发的网络编码方案。中继节点在对源信号进行判决时,通过计算互信息来判断判决的可靠性。中继在转发网络编码信号的同时,转发互信息。为对比该方案的性能优势,论文将其与基于AF、DF、EF (Estimate-and-forward,估计转发)三种转发方案的网络编码进行了对比,并通过仿真验证了新方案在各种信道条件下都能有效降低误码率。
The next-generation broadband cellular mobile communication system (IMT-Advanced) introduced the wireless relay technology to expand coverage. And the cooperative relay technology is also applied to provide spatial diversity gain, thereby enhancing spectral efficiency and data transfer rate. In order to solve the problem that the additional need for radio resource in the relay transmission cannot guarantee high spectrum efficiency, the network coding technique has been proposed in order to further improve the wireless relay transmission performance of IMT-Advanced system. Network coding technology breaks the traditional way of information processing. With network coding technology, the relay nodes conduct the corresponding signal processing and then forward the regenerated signals, instead of forwarding the information received. The application of network coding in the relay network increase the throughput of the wireless network, reduce times of the data packets are forwarded, and improve the spectral efficiency of the system.
In the wireless environment, due to the fading characteristics of the radio channel, the transmission errors will inevitably exist. Therefore, in the actual fading channel, there is a big gap between the capacity of the relay system using network coding and the theoretical capacity sector of multicast system, and the situation that the system capacity is degraded using network coding may occur. In order to ensure that the wireless network coding scheme has better performance gain and is able to be applied in actual radio relay system, the enhancement techniques of the physical layer with the network coding, which suitable for different application scenarios, are studied in this paper.
The researches in this paper focus on the following areas:
Firstly, the network coding schemes in two-way relay channel and multiple-access relay channel are full studied. Several commonly used network coding schemes based on AF (Amplify-and-forward) or DF (Decode-and-forward) are introduced in this paper. The outage probabilities and bit error rates of various schemes are provided to assess the strengths, weaknesses and the application scope of different schemes.
Secondly, in the two-way relay channel, in order to improve the accuracy of network coding mapping, a Sum-Difference network coding mapping scheme based on the dual-antenna relay is proposed in this paper. Both theoretical derivation and simulation results validate that the proposed scheme effectively improve the accuracy of the network coding mapping in relay node. In addition, a simplified algorithm is provided to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed scheme when quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is applied. The performance evaluation are given to illustrate and justify the computational complexity of mapping scheme is reduced, while maintaining the performance gain.
Finally, in the multiple-access relay channel, if the decision of the source signals at the relay node is incorrect, and the incorrect signal is applied in reconstructing the network coded signal, the error diffusion will occur and result in the sharp decline of the performance at the destination node. Therefore, a mutual information based soft forwarding network coding scheme is proposed in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the relay node determines the reliability of the signal decision by calculating the mutual information in the process of signal decision. The relay node forwards not only the network coded signal, but also the mutual information of the signal. Simulation results are given to justify the proposed scheme performs better on decreasing BER in a variety of channels, comparing to existing schemes including the AF-based, DF-based, EF (Estimate-and-forward)-based network coding scheme.
引文
[1]杨鸿文,李卫东,郭文彬等(译),“无线通信”,人民邮电出版社,2007年6月,PP.1-20.
[2]啜刚,王文博,常永宇等,“移动通信原理与系统”,北京邮电大学出版,2009年2月,pp.238-310.
[3]谢显中,雷维嘉,"MT-Advanced标准发展分析”,信息通信技术,2010年第1期,2010年1月,pp.33-35.
[4]L Zheng, "Diversity and multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.49(5), May 2003, pp.1073-1098.
[5]T Cover, AEL Gamal, "Capacity theorems for the relay channel", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.25(5), Sep 1979, pp.572-584.
[6]R Ahlswede, N Cai, SYR Li, RW Yeung, "Network information flow", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.46(4), Jul 2000, pp.1204-1216.
[7]P Elias, A Feinstein, C Shannon, "A note on the maximum flow through a network", IRE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.4(2), Dec.1956, pp.117-119.
[8]SYR Li, RW Yeung, N Cai, "Linear network coding", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.49(2), Feb.2003, pp.371-381.
[9]S Zhang, S Liew, P Lam, "Physical-layer Network Coding", In Proc. of MobiCom'06, Calfomia,2006, pp.358-365.
[10]S Zhang, S Liew, P Lam, "On the Synchronization of Physical-Layer Network Coding", In Proc. of IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), Chengdu, 2006, pp.404-408.
[11]Y Hao, D Goeckel, Z Ding, et al, "Achievable Rates for Network Coding on the Exchange Channel", In Proc. of IEEE MILCom 2007, Orlando, Oct.2007, pp.1-7.
[12]H Fang, W Guo, M peng, "Performance evaluation of channel detection for the cooperative network coding in the wireless relay network", In Proc. of IEEE ICCTA 2011, Beijing, Oct.2011, pp.1476-480.
[13]K Lee, L Hanzo, "MIMO-assisted hard versus soft decoding-and-forwarding for network coding aided relaying systems", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.8(1), Jan.2009, pp.376-385.
[14]J Li, Z Hu, Y Wang, "DF/AF Cooperative Relay in LTE-A", In Proc. of IEEE VTC 2010-Spring, Taipei, May 2010, pp.1-5.
[15]Y Chen, S Kishore, J Li, "Wireless Diversity through Network Coding", In Proc. IEEE WCNC2006, Las Vegas, Apr.2006, pp.1681-1686.
[16]Z Zhao, Z Ding, M Peng, et al, "A Special Case of Multi-Way Relay Channel: When Beamforming is not Applicable", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.10(7), July 201, pp.2046-2051.
[17]C Hausl, J Hagenauer, "Iterative Network and Chan-nel Decoding for the Two-Way Relay Channel", In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, June 2006, pp. 1568-1573.
[18]MP Wilson, K Narayanan, A Sprintson, "Joint physical layer coding and network coding for bidirectional relaying", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 56(11), Nov.2010, pp.5641-5654
[19]P Popovski, H Yomo, "Physical network coding in two-way wireless relay channels," in Proc. IEEE ICC'07, Glasgow, June 2007, pp.707-712.
[20]B Nazer, M Gastpar, "The case for structured random codes in network communication threorems", in Proc. Inform. Theory Workshop (ITW), Sept. 2007.
[21]K Lu, S Fu, Y Qian, "Capacity of Random Wireless Networks:Impact of Physical-Layer Network Coding", in Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, May 2008, pp. 3903-3907.
[22]T Koike-Akino, P Popovski, V Tarokh, "Optimized constellations for two-way wireless relaying with physical network coding", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.27(5), June 2009, pp.773-787.
[23]D Tse, P Viswanath, "Fundamentals of wireless communication", Cambridge Univ. Press,2005, pp.230-240.
[24]M Peng, H Liu, W Wang, H Chen, "Cooperative Network Coding with MIMO Transmission in Wireless Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.59(7), Sep.2010, pp.3577-3588.
[25]A Sendonaris, E Erkip, B Aazhang, "User cooperation diversity. Part Ⅰ. System description", IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.51(11), Nov.2003, pp. 1927-1938.
[26]KS Gomadam, SA Jafar, "Optimal relay functionality for SNR maximization in memoryless relay networks", IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, vol.25(2), Feb.2007, pp.390C400.
[27]MA Karim, T Yang, J Yuan, et al, "A novel soft forwarding technique for memoryless relay channels based on symbolwise mutual information", IEEE Communications Letters, vol.14(10), Oct.2010, pp.927-929.
[2]啜刚,王文博,常永宇等,“移动通信原理与系统”,北京邮电大学出版,2009年2月,pp.238-310.
[3]谢显中,雷维嘉,"MT-Advanced标准发展分析”,信息通信技术,2010年第1期,2010年1月,pp.33-35.
[4]L Zheng, "Diversity and multiplexing:A fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.49(5), May 2003, pp.1073-1098.
[5]T Cover, AEL Gamal, "Capacity theorems for the relay channel", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.25(5), Sep 1979, pp.572-584.
[6]R Ahlswede, N Cai, SYR Li, RW Yeung, "Network information flow", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.46(4), Jul 2000, pp.1204-1216.
[7]P Elias, A Feinstein, C Shannon, "A note on the maximum flow through a network", IRE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.4(2), Dec.1956, pp.117-119.
[8]SYR Li, RW Yeung, N Cai, "Linear network coding", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.49(2), Feb.2003, pp.371-381.
[9]S Zhang, S Liew, P Lam, "Physical-layer Network Coding", In Proc. of MobiCom'06, Calfomia,2006, pp.358-365.
[10]S Zhang, S Liew, P Lam, "On the Synchronization of Physical-Layer Network Coding", In Proc. of IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW), Chengdu, 2006, pp.404-408.
[11]Y Hao, D Goeckel, Z Ding, et al, "Achievable Rates for Network Coding on the Exchange Channel", In Proc. of IEEE MILCom 2007, Orlando, Oct.2007, pp.1-7.
[12]H Fang, W Guo, M peng, "Performance evaluation of channel detection for the cooperative network coding in the wireless relay network", In Proc. of IEEE ICCTA 2011, Beijing, Oct.2011, pp.1476-480.
[13]K Lee, L Hanzo, "MIMO-assisted hard versus soft decoding-and-forwarding for network coding aided relaying systems", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.8(1), Jan.2009, pp.376-385.
[14]J Li, Z Hu, Y Wang, "DF/AF Cooperative Relay in LTE-A", In Proc. of IEEE VTC 2010-Spring, Taipei, May 2010, pp.1-5.
[15]Y Chen, S Kishore, J Li, "Wireless Diversity through Network Coding", In Proc. IEEE WCNC2006, Las Vegas, Apr.2006, pp.1681-1686.
[16]Z Zhao, Z Ding, M Peng, et al, "A Special Case of Multi-Way Relay Channel: When Beamforming is not Applicable", IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.10(7), July 201, pp.2046-2051.
[17]C Hausl, J Hagenauer, "Iterative Network and Chan-nel Decoding for the Two-Way Relay Channel", In Proc. IEEE ICC'06, Istanbul, June 2006, pp. 1568-1573.
[18]MP Wilson, K Narayanan, A Sprintson, "Joint physical layer coding and network coding for bidirectional relaying", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 56(11), Nov.2010, pp.5641-5654
[19]P Popovski, H Yomo, "Physical network coding in two-way wireless relay channels," in Proc. IEEE ICC'07, Glasgow, June 2007, pp.707-712.
[20]B Nazer, M Gastpar, "The case for structured random codes in network communication threorems", in Proc. Inform. Theory Workshop (ITW), Sept. 2007.
[21]K Lu, S Fu, Y Qian, "Capacity of Random Wireless Networks:Impact of Physical-Layer Network Coding", in Proc. IEEE ICC'08, Beijing, May 2008, pp. 3903-3907.
[22]T Koike-Akino, P Popovski, V Tarokh, "Optimized constellations for two-way wireless relaying with physical network coding", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.27(5), June 2009, pp.773-787.
[23]D Tse, P Viswanath, "Fundamentals of wireless communication", Cambridge Univ. Press,2005, pp.230-240.
[24]M Peng, H Liu, W Wang, H Chen, "Cooperative Network Coding with MIMO Transmission in Wireless Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.59(7), Sep.2010, pp.3577-3588.
[25]A Sendonaris, E Erkip, B Aazhang, "User cooperation diversity. Part Ⅰ. System description", IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.51(11), Nov.2003, pp. 1927-1938.
[26]KS Gomadam, SA Jafar, "Optimal relay functionality for SNR maximization in memoryless relay networks", IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun, vol.25(2), Feb.2007, pp.390C400.
[27]MA Karim, T Yang, J Yuan, et al, "A novel soft forwarding technique for memoryless relay channels based on symbolwise mutual information", IEEE Communications Letters, vol.14(10), Oct.2010, pp.927-929.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |