基于设计特征和参数化的工程化界面设计模式研究
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摘要
各类软件复用技术、界面开发方法和各种界面设计知识的深入研究和广泛实践,必将促使界面的工程化开发迈向一个新台阶。这集中表现在以下三个方面:一,各种软件复用技术为领域无关的界面设计知识复用体的产生提供了理论指导;二,各种界面工程方法的研究为界面工程化开发提供了强有力的支撑;三,已有的界面设计知识理论为建立合理、有效的工程化界面知识复用体奠定了基础。
本文在已有的研究成果基础上,以工程化界面开发为目的,提出了基于设计特征和参数化的工程化界面设计模式,对界面开发中的界面构件簇的产生问题、界面设计知识支持工程化界面开发问题、形式化地规范界面设计知识问题以及界面设计知识和基于模型的界面开发集成的问题,给出了相应的解决方案。
(1)针对界面开发中的界面构件簇产生问题,提出了一种基于设计特征的模式模型方法。为了增强设计可变性的管理,提出了设计特征理论。其中,设计特征是对设计知识的抽象和提取。基于设计特征的模式是常用的设计方案。“设计特征-设计特征值”机制的可变性表现在两个方面:一是通过常用的设计特征值的变化,建立常用的设计方案;二是建立常用设计方案的参数化机制,任何一次对某一方案的参数配置均获得一个构件,多次配置可以获得多个构件,体现了模式本身的复用能力。与领域特征方法比较,基于设计特征的模式模型不仅注重对设计知识的复用,而且能够建立有效的构件簇生产机制,为建立界面构件簇产生机制提供了理论依据。
(2)针对当前界面设计知识缺乏统一的实现框架,难以支持界面工程化开发问题,提出了工程化界面设计模式(Engineering User Interface Pattern,EUIDP)。通过分析界面展示单元(Presentation Unit,PU),提取界面展示单元的设计特征:内部模型特征、展示模型特征和操作模型特征。在识别以上界面设计特征的特征值基础上,通过规范常用的界面展示单元PU,形成了工程化界面设计模式EUIDP模式概念,此模式以定制可用的界面展示单元为目的,并以静态参数的形式,体现可获得的界面展示单元的静态和动态特征。基于各个界面设计特征值集合,提出了一系列工程化界面设计模式。作为一种新的界面知识复用体,该模式与其它界面设计知识相比,结构统一,而且涵盖了界面设计需求的所有信息,易于工具集成,能够有效支持界面工程化开发。
(3)针对当前界面设计知识缺乏严格的形式化规范问题,设计了一种规范EUIDP的方法,建立了相关的模式规范机制。首先,形式化规范各个内部模型特征及其上能够向用户提供的操作:其次,形式化规范各个展示特征及其上可以向用户提供的操作;接着,在前两者基础上规范操作模型;最后通过添加相应的约束,组合内部模型特征规范和展示模型特征规范,形成各种用户可用的工程化界面设计模式规范。该规范方法为进一步扩充工程化界面设计模式提供了可能。另外,各种精确的、工程化界面设计模式EUIDP语义规范避免了许多不成熟设计的发生。
(4)针对当前各种界面设计知识在支持模型开发方面缺乏贯穿性,致使模型间的映射难以解决的问题,本文借助工程化界面设计模式EUIDP的贯穿特性,将工程化界面设计模式EUIDP和基于模型的界面开发模型集成,提出了基于工程化界面设计模式的多设备界面开发模型(EngineeringMulti-device User Interface,EMDUI),进一步设计了工程化界面设计模式EUIDP支持的抽象数据模型、任务模型、设备模型、用户界面交互模型和用户界面展示模型。设计了工程化界面设计模式在EMDUI模型和工具产品AUI(Automatic User Interface)的界面定制过程。与其它界面设计知识相比,工程化界面设计模式易于集成到基于模型的界面开发中,从而为工程化界面开发提供了可能。
Lucubrating and practices of all kinds of software reusing technique, user interface development method and design technology indicate that user interface engineering development will forward a new step. This deduces from three facets listed as follows. Firstly, the outstanding harvests of software reusing technique provide theory guidance of the generation of field independency user interface components cluster. Secondly, current study on every kind of software design pattern provides technique guidance for user interface design engineering development. Thirdly, previous design theories on software design establish the groundwork for making reasonable and efficient interface components cluster.
Based on the existed research harvests, this paper aims to provide engineering user interface design pattern as guidance based on design characteristics and parameters. Relative solution approaches are advanced to the problems such as user interface components cluster generation in user interface development, how to support engineering user interface development with the help of user interface design knowledge (UIDK), formalization specification of UIDK and integration UIDK to model-based user interface development.
(1) For solving the problem of user interface components cluster generation in user interface development, a pattern model approach based on design feature is advanced. To enforce the management of design changeability, a new method named theory of design feature is prescribed. Thereof, design feature refers to the abstraction of design technology and pattern based on design feature refers to the scheme of design feature. Design feature has "feature-value" mechanism of field feature model, and its changeability of "feature-value" mechanism here represents two aspects. Firstly, set up the usual scheme of design feature based on the changeability of design feature value. Secondly, a component can be made from each parameterization configuration of several design feature item. Further more, multi components will be made from multi configurations which indicates its reusability. Comparing to field feature method, this method not only pays more attention to reuse of design knowledge, but also can construct user interface components cluster generation mechanism effectively.
(2) It is difficult to realize engineering user interface development because there is no uniform classified standard and implement framework. Therefore, a new design pattern named Engineering User interface Design Pattern (EUIDP) is prescribed, which based on user interface design feature, and both static and dynamic parameters represented by static parameter. According to the analysis of the three characteristics of user interface presentation component, i.e. interior model feature, presentation model feature and operation model feature, the user interface design feature model is set up. Further more, a serial of engineering user interface design patterns are listed based on the normal user interface design feature value. Comparing to other UIDKs, this pattern has uniform configuration and also contains all information of user interface design requirements. It is easy to integrate to tools and give support to engineering user interface development.
(3) Aiming at the problem of UIDK formalization specification, method for formalization semantic specification of user interface design pattern is set up, and at the same time, the relative mechanism is described in detail. First of all, we formally specify the inner characteristics and its operations provided to users. Secondly, we formally specify each presentation model and its operations provided to users. Then, we specify the operation model based on the previous twos. Finally, we make the usable engineering user interface design pattern with adding relative constrains, integrating the inner model characteristic specification and the presentation model characteristic specification. The pattern can not only be extended and specified conveniently, but also cut down the immature design.
(4) On the facet of supporting model development, mapping of different models has many obstacles because of the independence of UIDK. Under the help of integration from EUIDP, the Engineering Multi-device user interface model is prescribed based on the integration of EUIDP and user interface development model based on model. The abstract data model, task model, device model, user interface interaction model and user interface presentation model are presented. It is much easier to integrate EUIDP with user interface development based on model than traditional ways, which make it possible to realize the engineering user interface development.
本文在已有的研究成果基础上,以工程化界面开发为目的,提出了基于设计特征和参数化的工程化界面设计模式,对界面开发中的界面构件簇的产生问题、界面设计知识支持工程化界面开发问题、形式化地规范界面设计知识问题以及界面设计知识和基于模型的界面开发集成的问题,给出了相应的解决方案。
(1)针对界面开发中的界面构件簇产生问题,提出了一种基于设计特征的模式模型方法。为了增强设计可变性的管理,提出了设计特征理论。其中,设计特征是对设计知识的抽象和提取。基于设计特征的模式是常用的设计方案。“设计特征-设计特征值”机制的可变性表现在两个方面:一是通过常用的设计特征值的变化,建立常用的设计方案;二是建立常用设计方案的参数化机制,任何一次对某一方案的参数配置均获得一个构件,多次配置可以获得多个构件,体现了模式本身的复用能力。与领域特征方法比较,基于设计特征的模式模型不仅注重对设计知识的复用,而且能够建立有效的构件簇生产机制,为建立界面构件簇产生机制提供了理论依据。
(2)针对当前界面设计知识缺乏统一的实现框架,难以支持界面工程化开发问题,提出了工程化界面设计模式(Engineering User Interface Pattern,EUIDP)。通过分析界面展示单元(Presentation Unit,PU),提取界面展示单元的设计特征:内部模型特征、展示模型特征和操作模型特征。在识别以上界面设计特征的特征值基础上,通过规范常用的界面展示单元PU,形成了工程化界面设计模式EUIDP模式概念,此模式以定制可用的界面展示单元为目的,并以静态参数的形式,体现可获得的界面展示单元的静态和动态特征。基于各个界面设计特征值集合,提出了一系列工程化界面设计模式。作为一种新的界面知识复用体,该模式与其它界面设计知识相比,结构统一,而且涵盖了界面设计需求的所有信息,易于工具集成,能够有效支持界面工程化开发。
(3)针对当前界面设计知识缺乏严格的形式化规范问题,设计了一种规范EUIDP的方法,建立了相关的模式规范机制。首先,形式化规范各个内部模型特征及其上能够向用户提供的操作:其次,形式化规范各个展示特征及其上可以向用户提供的操作;接着,在前两者基础上规范操作模型;最后通过添加相应的约束,组合内部模型特征规范和展示模型特征规范,形成各种用户可用的工程化界面设计模式规范。该规范方法为进一步扩充工程化界面设计模式提供了可能。另外,各种精确的、工程化界面设计模式EUIDP语义规范避免了许多不成熟设计的发生。
(4)针对当前各种界面设计知识在支持模型开发方面缺乏贯穿性,致使模型间的映射难以解决的问题,本文借助工程化界面设计模式EUIDP的贯穿特性,将工程化界面设计模式EUIDP和基于模型的界面开发模型集成,提出了基于工程化界面设计模式的多设备界面开发模型(EngineeringMulti-device User Interface,EMDUI),进一步设计了工程化界面设计模式EUIDP支持的抽象数据模型、任务模型、设备模型、用户界面交互模型和用户界面展示模型。设计了工程化界面设计模式在EMDUI模型和工具产品AUI(Automatic User Interface)的界面定制过程。与其它界面设计知识相比,工程化界面设计模式易于集成到基于模型的界面开发中,从而为工程化界面开发提供了可能。
Lucubrating and practices of all kinds of software reusing technique, user interface development method and design technology indicate that user interface engineering development will forward a new step. This deduces from three facets listed as follows. Firstly, the outstanding harvests of software reusing technique provide theory guidance of the generation of field independency user interface components cluster. Secondly, current study on every kind of software design pattern provides technique guidance for user interface design engineering development. Thirdly, previous design theories on software design establish the groundwork for making reasonable and efficient interface components cluster.
Based on the existed research harvests, this paper aims to provide engineering user interface design pattern as guidance based on design characteristics and parameters. Relative solution approaches are advanced to the problems such as user interface components cluster generation in user interface development, how to support engineering user interface development with the help of user interface design knowledge (UIDK), formalization specification of UIDK and integration UIDK to model-based user interface development.
(1) For solving the problem of user interface components cluster generation in user interface development, a pattern model approach based on design feature is advanced. To enforce the management of design changeability, a new method named theory of design feature is prescribed. Thereof, design feature refers to the abstraction of design technology and pattern based on design feature refers to the scheme of design feature. Design feature has "feature-value" mechanism of field feature model, and its changeability of "feature-value" mechanism here represents two aspects. Firstly, set up the usual scheme of design feature based on the changeability of design feature value. Secondly, a component can be made from each parameterization configuration of several design feature item. Further more, multi components will be made from multi configurations which indicates its reusability. Comparing to field feature method, this method not only pays more attention to reuse of design knowledge, but also can construct user interface components cluster generation mechanism effectively.
(2) It is difficult to realize engineering user interface development because there is no uniform classified standard and implement framework. Therefore, a new design pattern named Engineering User interface Design Pattern (EUIDP) is prescribed, which based on user interface design feature, and both static and dynamic parameters represented by static parameter. According to the analysis of the three characteristics of user interface presentation component, i.e. interior model feature, presentation model feature and operation model feature, the user interface design feature model is set up. Further more, a serial of engineering user interface design patterns are listed based on the normal user interface design feature value. Comparing to other UIDKs, this pattern has uniform configuration and also contains all information of user interface design requirements. It is easy to integrate to tools and give support to engineering user interface development.
(3) Aiming at the problem of UIDK formalization specification, method for formalization semantic specification of user interface design pattern is set up, and at the same time, the relative mechanism is described in detail. First of all, we formally specify the inner characteristics and its operations provided to users. Secondly, we formally specify each presentation model and its operations provided to users. Then, we specify the operation model based on the previous twos. Finally, we make the usable engineering user interface design pattern with adding relative constrains, integrating the inner model characteristic specification and the presentation model characteristic specification. The pattern can not only be extended and specified conveniently, but also cut down the immature design.
(4) On the facet of supporting model development, mapping of different models has many obstacles because of the independence of UIDK. Under the help of integration from EUIDP, the Engineering Multi-device user interface model is prescribed based on the integration of EUIDP and user interface development model based on model. The abstract data model, task model, device model, user interface interaction model and user interface presentation model are presented. It is much easier to integrate EUIDP with user interface development based on model than traditional ways, which make it possible to realize the engineering user interface development.
引文
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