石半夏凝集素基因的克隆及甘露糖特异结合凝集素的抗真菌研究
|
摘要
凝集素是一类含有至少一个非催化结构域并能可逆结合到特异单糖或寡糖上的蛋白质。单子叶植物甘露糖结合型凝集素(monocot mannose-bindingagglutinins)是其中比较大的一个家族,其中以雪花莲凝集素为代表的一个亚类显示出良好的抗同翅目昆虫活性,以天麻抗真菌蛋白为代表的另一亚类则具有突出的抗真菌活性,它们在植物抗虫和抗病基因工程中均具有很大的应用潜力。
真菌对农作物的危害呈现间歇爆发的特征,并存在一定的普遍性。病菌除导致植物叶片病斑从而影响光合作用外,还可侵染茎秆和果实,影响品质,造成经济损失。为了为植物抗病基因工程提供更多的候选基因,本文对植物凝集素基因进行了研究。以石半夏(Pinellia cordata)为材料,利用RACE-PCR技术,成功地克隆出了石半夏凝集素基因,并对其抗真菌功能进行了研究。此外,本文还对已经克隆的马蹄莲(Zantedeschia aethiopica)、文殊兰(Crinum asiaticum)、石斛(Dendrobium officinale)和姜(Zingiber officinale)凝集素分别进行了抗真菌功能的初步研究,得到如下结果:
1.首次从天南星科植物石半夏中克隆了石半夏凝集素基因pcl。pcl的全长cDNA为1182bp,含有一个768bp的开放阅读框,编码一个由256个氨基酸组成的前体蛋白。对PCL和其他单子叶甘露糖结合凝集素的序列进行了同源性比对,预测了该蛋白的二级和三级结构,结果表明,PCL可能是一个有凝集素功能的蛋白。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,pcl在石半夏植物的各个部位都有转录,其中在珠芽中的转录水平最高。
2.分别构建了含pcl、zaa(马蹄莲凝集素基因)和caa(文殊兰凝集素基因)的原核表达载体,并成功地实现了这三个基因在E.coli中的表达,对表达的重组蛋白进行了纯化,并从植物中提取了天然的PCL,作为对照进行了凝血活性实验。结果表明重组PCL具有和天然蛋白一样的凝血活性。抑菌实验表明,重组ZAA能抑制叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)的生长,重组CAA蛋白和重组PCL蛋白抑菌效果不明显。
3.分别构建了含pcl、doa(石斛凝集素基因)和zoa(姜凝集素基因)的植物表达载体,并导入到根癌农杆菌C58C1中,对拟南芥进行了转化。分别获得了含doa基因和zoa基因的转基因拟南芥植株及其后代,研究表明,外源基因在转基因植株后代中的分离比符合孟德尔遗传。初步抑菌实验表明,转姜凝集素基因的拟南芥对叶霉病菌有一定抗性作用。
本研究为利用基因工程技术改良农作物抗病性提供了更多的候选基因。
Agglutinins are proteins possessing at least one noncatalytic domain, which binds reversibly to specific mono- or oligo- saccharides. Among them a subfamily represented by Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) is characterized with effective resistance activity against Homopteran insects, while another subfamily represented by gastrodianin is more effective against pathogenic fungi. Both of the subfamilies show great potentials in genetics engineering of plants to improve their resistance against harmful insects or fungal pathogens.
To seek more effective genes with insect resistance or anti-fungal activities, agglutinin genes pcl was successfully isolated from Pinellia cordata by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR method respectively, and its function was also studied. Otherwise the anti-fungal analysis of Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin, Crinum asiaticum agglutinin, Dendrobium officinale agglutinin and Zingiber officinale agglutinin was studied in order to find more lectins against pathogenic fungi. The results are as follows:
1. The full-length cDNA of pcl gene was cloned for the first time from Pinellia cordata, which belongs to Araceae family. The full-length cDNA of pcl was 1182bp with an opening reading frame of 768bp encoding a protein with 256 amino acids. Sequence homology analysis was carried out by aligning PCL with other monocot mannose-binding agglutinins. The secondary structure and third-dimensional structure of PCL were predicted. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pcl mRNA transcription could be detected in all the tested tissues ,with the highest transcription in bulbil.
2. The ORFs of Pinellia cordata agglutinin (PCL), Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin (ZAA) and Crinum asiaticum agglutinin (CAA) were constructed into the bacterial expression vector. The recombinant proteins in the resulting vectors were successfully expressed and purified from E.coli. The recombinant PCL displayed the similar agglutination activities towards rabbit red cells as the natural PCL isolated from the plants. Anti-fungal assay revealed that the recombinant ZAA could inhibit the growth of leaf mould.
3. Three kinds of univalent plant expression vectors were constructed based on
pHB, with constitutive expression 35S promoter activating the genes. Vector 1: pHB35S::PCL, vector 2: pHB35S::DOA , and vector 3: pHB35S::ZOA. The recombinant vectors were introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 with freezing-thawing method. The pollens of Arabidopsis plants were infected by A. tumefaciens and the transgenic plants were selected with hygromycin. PCR test and western blot analysis of the transgenic plants were carried out to confirm the transgenic events. Functional analysis indicated that the expression of ZOA improved the transgenic Arabidopsis tolerance against pathogenic fungi.
The cloning of pcl provides a basis for further investigating its insect and disease-resistance functions. The recombinant ZAA could inhibit the growth of leaf mould and the expression of ZOA could improve the transgenic Arabidopsis tolerance against pathogenic fungi. This study is of potential importance not only for the obtaining of intellectual properties of more anti-insect and disease genes but also for the improvement of crops for insect and disease resistances by genetic engineering.
真菌对农作物的危害呈现间歇爆发的特征,并存在一定的普遍性。病菌除导致植物叶片病斑从而影响光合作用外,还可侵染茎秆和果实,影响品质,造成经济损失。为了为植物抗病基因工程提供更多的候选基因,本文对植物凝集素基因进行了研究。以石半夏(Pinellia cordata)为材料,利用RACE-PCR技术,成功地克隆出了石半夏凝集素基因,并对其抗真菌功能进行了研究。此外,本文还对已经克隆的马蹄莲(Zantedeschia aethiopica)、文殊兰(Crinum asiaticum)、石斛(Dendrobium officinale)和姜(Zingiber officinale)凝集素分别进行了抗真菌功能的初步研究,得到如下结果:
1.首次从天南星科植物石半夏中克隆了石半夏凝集素基因pcl。pcl的全长cDNA为1182bp,含有一个768bp的开放阅读框,编码一个由256个氨基酸组成的前体蛋白。对PCL和其他单子叶甘露糖结合凝集素的序列进行了同源性比对,预测了该蛋白的二级和三级结构,结果表明,PCL可能是一个有凝集素功能的蛋白。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,pcl在石半夏植物的各个部位都有转录,其中在珠芽中的转录水平最高。
2.分别构建了含pcl、zaa(马蹄莲凝集素基因)和caa(文殊兰凝集素基因)的原核表达载体,并成功地实现了这三个基因在E.coli中的表达,对表达的重组蛋白进行了纯化,并从植物中提取了天然的PCL,作为对照进行了凝血活性实验。结果表明重组PCL具有和天然蛋白一样的凝血活性。抑菌实验表明,重组ZAA能抑制叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)的生长,重组CAA蛋白和重组PCL蛋白抑菌效果不明显。
3.分别构建了含pcl、doa(石斛凝集素基因)和zoa(姜凝集素基因)的植物表达载体,并导入到根癌农杆菌C58C1中,对拟南芥进行了转化。分别获得了含doa基因和zoa基因的转基因拟南芥植株及其后代,研究表明,外源基因在转基因植株后代中的分离比符合孟德尔遗传。初步抑菌实验表明,转姜凝集素基因的拟南芥对叶霉病菌有一定抗性作用。
本研究为利用基因工程技术改良农作物抗病性提供了更多的候选基因。
Agglutinins are proteins possessing at least one noncatalytic domain, which binds reversibly to specific mono- or oligo- saccharides. Among them a subfamily represented by Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) is characterized with effective resistance activity against Homopteran insects, while another subfamily represented by gastrodianin is more effective against pathogenic fungi. Both of the subfamilies show great potentials in genetics engineering of plants to improve their resistance against harmful insects or fungal pathogens.
To seek more effective genes with insect resistance or anti-fungal activities, agglutinin genes pcl was successfully isolated from Pinellia cordata by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR method respectively, and its function was also studied. Otherwise the anti-fungal analysis of Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin, Crinum asiaticum agglutinin, Dendrobium officinale agglutinin and Zingiber officinale agglutinin was studied in order to find more lectins against pathogenic fungi. The results are as follows:
1. The full-length cDNA of pcl gene was cloned for the first time from Pinellia cordata, which belongs to Araceae family. The full-length cDNA of pcl was 1182bp with an opening reading frame of 768bp encoding a protein with 256 amino acids. Sequence homology analysis was carried out by aligning PCL with other monocot mannose-binding agglutinins. The secondary structure and third-dimensional structure of PCL were predicted. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pcl mRNA transcription could be detected in all the tested tissues ,with the highest transcription in bulbil.
2. The ORFs of Pinellia cordata agglutinin (PCL), Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin (ZAA) and Crinum asiaticum agglutinin (CAA) were constructed into the bacterial expression vector. The recombinant proteins in the resulting vectors were successfully expressed and purified from E.coli. The recombinant PCL displayed the similar agglutination activities towards rabbit red cells as the natural PCL isolated from the plants. Anti-fungal assay revealed that the recombinant ZAA could inhibit the growth of leaf mould.
3. Three kinds of univalent plant expression vectors were constructed based on
pHB, with constitutive expression 35S promoter activating the genes. Vector 1: pHB35S::PCL, vector 2: pHB35S::DOA , and vector 3: pHB35S::ZOA. The recombinant vectors were introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 with freezing-thawing method. The pollens of Arabidopsis plants were infected by A. tumefaciens and the transgenic plants were selected with hygromycin. PCR test and western blot analysis of the transgenic plants were carried out to confirm the transgenic events. Functional analysis indicated that the expression of ZOA improved the transgenic Arabidopsis tolerance against pathogenic fungi.
The cloning of pcl provides a basis for further investigating its insect and disease-resistance functions. The recombinant ZAA could inhibit the growth of leaf mould and the expression of ZOA could improve the transgenic Arabidopsis tolerance against pathogenic fungi. This study is of potential importance not only for the obtaining of intellectual properties of more anti-insect and disease genes but also for the improvement of crops for insect and disease resistances by genetic engineering.
引文
Agrawal B.B.I. & Goldstein I.J. 1967 Specific binding of concanvalin A to cross-lilnked dextran gels[J]. Biochem J 96, 23C-15C.
Aub J.C., Tieslau C. & Lankester A. 1963 Reactions of mormal and tumor cell to enzymes I wheat-germ lipase and associated mucopolysaccharides[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci 50, 613-619.
Barre A., Bourne Y, Van Damme E.J., Peumans W.J. & Rouge P. 2001 Mannose-binding plant lectins: different structural scaffolds for a common sugar-recognition process. Biochimie 83, 645-651.
Beeker J.W. & reek C.N. Assoc Specific Carbohydrate binging by concancavalin and favin. Trans Amer Cryst 25, 37-90.
Bostwick D.E., Skaggs M.I. & Thompson GA. 1994 Organization and characterization of Cucurbita phloem lectin genes. Plant Mol Biol 26, 887-897.
Bouckaert J., Hamelryck T. & Wynes L. 1999 Novel structures of plant lectins and their complexes with carbohydrates. Curr Opin Struc Biol 9,572-577.
Boulter D. 1990 Additive protective efferts of incorporating two different higher plant insect resistence genes in transgenic tobacco plants[J]. Corp Protect, 351-354.
Bourne Y, Roussel A. & Frey M. 1990 Three-dimensional structures of complexes of Lathyrus Ochrus isolectin I with glucose and mannose: Fine specificity of the monosaccharide-binding site. PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics 8, 365-376.
Bourne Y, Zamboni V., Barre A., Peumans W.J., Van Damme E.J.M. & Rouge P. 1999 Helianthus tuberosus lectin reveals a widespread scaffold for mannose-binding lectins. Structure 7,1473-1478.
Boyd W.C. & Shapleigh E.I. 1954 Specific precipitation activity of plant agglutintins(lectins)[J]. Science 119,419.
Broekaert W.F., Van PJ. & Leyns F. 1989 A chitin-binding lectin from stinging rhizomes with antifungal properties. Science 245,1100-1102.
Chai Y, Pang Y, Liao Z., Zhang L., Sun X., Lu Y, Wang S. & Tang K. 2003 Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from Crinum asiaticum. J Plant Physiol 160, 913-920.
Chen H., Czajka-Jakubowska A., Spencer N.J., Mansfield J.F, Robinson C. & Clarkson B.H. 2006 Effects of systemic fluoride and in vitro fluoride treatment on enamel crystals. J Dent Res 85,1042-1045.
Chen Z., Kai G, Liu X., Lin J., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005a cDNA cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizomes. J Biosci 30, 213-220.
Chen Z., Pang Y., Liu X., Wang X., Deng Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005b Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mannose-binding lectin cDNA from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Biocell 29,187-193.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2004 Genomic cloning and characterization of a novel lectin gene from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Biosci Rep 24, 225-234.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005c Cloning and expression of a novel cDNA encoding a mannose-binding lectin from Dendrobium officinale. Toxicon 45,535-540.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005d Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Mannose-binding Lectin Gene from Dendrobium officinale. J Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 14,33-36.
Chen Z.H, Kai G.Y., Liu X.J., Lin J., Sun X.F. & Tang K.X. 2005 cDNA cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizomes. J Biosci 30, 213-220.
Cox K.D., Layne D.R., Scorza R. & Schnabel G. 2006 Gastrodia anti-fungal protein from the orchid Gastrodia elata confers disease resistance to root pathogens in transgenic tobacco. Planta 224,1373-1383.
Does M.J., Houterman P.M., Dekker H.L. & Cornelissen B.J.C. 1999 Processing, targeting and antifungal activity of stinging nettle agglutinin in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol 120,421-431.
Down R.E., Ford L., Woodhouse S.D., Raemaekers R.J.M., Leitch B., Gatehouse J.A. & Gatehouse A.M.R. 2000 Snowdrop lectin(GNA) has no acute toxic effects on a beneficial insect predator, the 2-spot ladybird (Adalia bipunctata L.). J Insect Physiol 46, 379-391.
Edelman G.M., Cunningham B.A. & Reeke G.N. 1972 The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69, 2580-2584.
Emanuelsson O., Nielsen H., Brunak S. & von Heijne G 2000 Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300,1005-1016.
Felsenstein J. 1985 Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-791.
Fisher W.S. & DiNuzzo A.R. 1991 Agglutination of bacteria and crythrocytes by serum from six species of marinemolluses[J]. Invertebr Pathol 57, 380-394.
Fitches E., Gatehouse A.M.R. & Gatehouse J.A. 1997 Effects of snowdrop lectin (GNA) delivered via artificial diet and trasgenic plants on the development of tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) larvae in laboratory and glasshouse trials. J Insect Physiol 43, 727-739.
Foissac X., Loc N.T., Christou P., Gatehouse A.M.R. & gatehouse j.A. 2000 Resistance to green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in transgenic rice expressing snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA). J Insect Physiol 46,573-583.
Freire M.D.G.M., Gomes V.M., Corsini R.E., Machado O.L.T., Simone S.G.D., Novello J.C., Marangoni S. & Macedo M.L.R. 2002 Isolation and partial characterization of a novel lectin from Talisia esculenta seeds that interferes with fungal growth. Plant Physiol Biochem 40, 61-68.
Gao Y, Qu L. & Chen Z. 2000 Study on the molecular biology of plant lectin. Biotechnology information 5,18-22.
Goto R., Muramoto K., Yamazaki M. & et al. 1992 Purification and characterization of an agglutinin of the soft coral Sinularia species [J]. Dev Comp Immunol 16, 9-17.
Guex N. & Peitsch M. C. 1997 SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: An environment for comparative protein modelling. Electrophoresis 18, 2714-2723.
Hammarstrom S. & Kabat E.A. 1969 Purification and characterization of a blood-group A reactive hemagglutintin from the snail Helix pomatia and a study of its combining site[J]. Biochemistry 8,2696-2705.
Hao Q., Van Damme E.J.M. & Hause B. 2001 Iris (Iris hollandica var. Professor Blaauw) bulbs express type 1 and type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins with unusual properties. Plant Physiol 125, 866-876.
Hester G, Kaku H. & Goldstein I.J. 1995 Structure of mannose-specific snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin is representative of a new plant lectin family. Nature Structural Biology 2, 472-479.
Hester G. & Wright CS. 1996 The mannose-specific bulb lectin from Galanthus Nivalis (Snowdrop) Binds mono- and dimammosides at distinct sites, Structure analysis of refined complexes at 2.3 and 3.0 resolution. J Mol Biol 262, 516-531.
Hilder V.A., Powell K.S., Gatchouse A.M.R., Gatehouse J.A., Gatehouse L.N., Shi Y, Ha milton W.D.O., Merryweather A., Newell C.A., Timans J.C, Peumans W.J., Van Damme E. & Boulter D. 1995 Expression of snowdrop lectin in transgenic tabacco plants results in added protection against aphids[J] Transgenic Res 4,18-25.
Hirai M., Nakamura K., Imai T. & Sato T. 1993 cDNAs encoding for storage proteins in the tubers of taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott). Jpn. J Genet 68,229-236.
Hudgin R.L., Pricer W.E.Jr., Ashwell G, Stockert R.J. & Morell A.G 1974 The isolation and properties of a rabbit liver binding protein specific for asialogycoproteins[J].J Bio Chem 259, 9121-9126.
Igor I., Agapov & et al. 1999 Mistletoe lectin A chain unfolds during the intracellular transport. FEBS left 431, 35-39.
Langer M., Rothe M., Eck J., Mockel B. & Zinke H. 1996 A nonradioactive assay for ribosome-inactivating proteins. Anal Biochem 243,150-153.
Li Y, Decker S., Yuan Z.A., Denbesten P.K., Aragon M.A., Jordan-Sciutto K., Abrams W.R., Huh J., McDonald C, Chen E., MacDougall M. & Gibson CW. 2005 Effects of sodium fluoride on the actin cytoskeleton of murine ameloblasts. Arch Oral Biol 50, 681-688.
Lodeiro A.R., Garcia S.L.L., Vazquez T.E.E. & Favelukes G. 2000 Stimulation of adhesiveness, infectivity, and competitiveness for nodulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum by its pretreatment with soybean seed lectin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 188,177-184.
Marchalonis J.J. & Edelman G.M. 1968 Isolation and characterization of a hemagglutintin from Limulus polyphemus[J]. J Mol Biol 32,453-465.
Nowell PC 1960 Phytohemagglutintin: an initiator of mitosis in culture of animal and human leukocytes [J]. Cancer Res 20,462-466.
Park R., Kim M.S., So H.S., Jung B.H., Moon S.R., Chung S.Y, Ko C.B., Kim B.R. & Chung H.T. 2000 Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK 1) in mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis of human myeloleukemic U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 60,1685-1691.
Pascal J.M., Day P.J., Monzingo A.F., Ernst S.R., Robertus J.D., Iglesias R., Perez Y., Ferreras J.M., Citores L, & Girbes T. 2001 2.8.-A Crystal structure of a nontoxic type2 ribosome-inactivating protein, Ebulin I. In PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics, vol. 43, pp. 326-379.
Peitsch M. C. 1995 Protein modeling by E-mail. Bio /Technology 13, 658-660.
Pemans W.J., Barre A. & Qiang H. 2000 Minireview: Higher plants structurally different motifs to recognize foreign glycans [J]. Trends in Glyco Science and Glycotechnology 12, 83-101.
Peumans W.J. & Van Damme E.J.M. 1995 Lectins as plant defense proteins. Plant Physiol 109, 347-352.
Peumans W.J. & Van Damme E.J.M. 1998 Plant lectins: Versatile proteins with important perspectives in biotechnology. Biotech Genetic Eng Rev 15, 199-229.
Powell K.S., Gatchouse A.M.R., Van Damme E.J.M. & et al. 1995 Different antinetabolic effects of related lectins nym phae stages of Nilaparvata lugens[J]. Entomologia Experimentals et Applicata 112,1511-1540.
Powell K.S., Gatehouse A.M.R., Hilder VA. & Gate house J.A. 1993 Antimetabolic effects of plant lectins and plant and fungal enzymes on the nymphal stages of two important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens and Nephotettix cinciteps. Entomol Exp Appl 66,119-126.
Pusztai A. 1993 Dietary lectins are metabolic signals for the gut and modulate immune and hormone functions. Eur J Clin Nutr 47, 691-699.
Pusztai A., Ewen S.W.B., Grant G, Brown D.S., Stewart J.C., Peumans W.J., van Damme E.J.M. & Bardocz S. 1993 Antinutritive effects of wheat-germ agglutinin and other N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins. Brit J Nutr 70.
Raina A. & Datta A. 1992 Molecular cloning of a gene encoding a seed-specific protein with nutritionally balanced amino acid composition from Amaranthus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89,11774-11778.
Ramesh S., Nagadhara D., Reddy V.D. & Rao K.V. 2004 Production of transgenic indica rice resistant to yellow stem borer and sap-sucking insects, using super-binary vectors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Sci 166, 1077-1085.
Sankaranarayanan R., Sckar K. & Banerjee R. 1996 A novel mode of carbohydrate recognition in Jacalin, a moraceae plant lectin with a β-prism fold. Nat Struct Biol 3, 596-603.
Schumacher U., Feldhaus S. & Mengs U. 2000 Recombinant mistletoe lectin (rML) is successful in treating human ovarian cancer cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Cancer Letters 150,171-175.
Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N. & Peitsch M.C. 2003 SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 3381-3385.
Sharon N., Lis H. & Lotan R. 1974 On the structure diversity of lectins[J]. Coll Int CNRS 221, 693-709.
Springer G.F. & Desai P.R. 1971 Monosaccharides as specific precipitatinogens of eel anti-human blood group H (O) antibody [J]. Biochemistry 10, 3749-3760.
Stockert R.J., Morell A.G. & Scheinberg I.H. 1974 Mammalian hepatic lectin[J]. Science 186, 365-366.
Sumner J.B. & Howell S.F. 1936 The identification of the hemagglutinin og the jack bean with concanavalin A[J]. J Bacterio 32, 227-237.
Sweeney E.C., Tonevisky A.G., Palmer R.A., Niwa H., Pfueller U., Eck J., Lentzen H., Agapov I.I., & Kirpichnikov M.P. 1998 Mistletoe lectin I forms a double trefoil structure. FEBS Lett 431, 367-370.
Tang K.X., Tinjuangjun P., Xu Y.N., Sun X.F., Gatehouse J.A., Ronald RC, Qi H.X., Lu X.G., Christou P. & Kohi A. 1999 Particle-bombardment-mediated co-transformation of elite Chinese rice cultivars with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and sap-sucking insect pests. Planta 208, 552-563.
Tang K.X., Zhao E., Sun X., Wan B., Qi H. & Lu X. 2001 Production of transgenic rice homozygous lines with enhanced resistance to the rice brown planthopper. Acta Biotechnol 21,117-128.
Teichberg V.I., Silman I., Beitsch D.D. & Resheff G. 1975 A β-D-galactoside binding protein from electric organ tissue of Electrophorus electricus[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci 72,1383-1387.
Thompson J.D. 1997 The CLUSTALX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25,4876-4882.
Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G, Gibson T.J. & Wolfinger R.D. 1994 Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673-4680.
Van Damme E.J.M., Astoul C.H., Barre A., Rouge P. & Peumans W.J. 2000 Cloning and characterization of a monocot mannose-binding lectin from Crocus vernus (family Iridaceae). EurJ Biochem 267, 5067-5077.
Van Damme E.J.M., Goossens K., Smeets K., Van Leuven F., Verhaert P. & Peumans W.J. 1995a The major tuber storage protein of Araceae species is a lectin. Characterization and molecular cloning of the lectin from Arum maculatum. Plant Physiol 109,1147-1158.
Van Damme E.J.M., Peumans W.J., Pusztai A. & Bardocz S. 1997 Handbook of plant lectins: proterties and biomedical applications[M]. In Chichester: John Willey and Sons Ltd.
Van Damme E.J.M., Smeets K. & Peumans W.J. 1995b The mannose binding monocot lectins and their genes, in: A.J. Pusztai, S.Bardocz (Eds.), Lectins. Bio Medical Perspectives, Taylor and Francis, 59-80.
Von Heijne G 1986 A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucl. Acids Res. 14,4683-4690.
Wang Z.Y., Sun X.F., Wang E, Tang K.X. & Zhang J.R. 2005 Enhanced resistance of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin)-expressing maize to Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee). J Integrative Plant Biol Al, 873-880.
Watkins W.M. & Morgan W.T.J. 1952 Neutralization of the anti-H agglutintin in eel serum by simple sugars[J]. Nature 169.
Xu Q., Liu Y., Wang X., Gu H. & Z. C. 1998 Purification and characterization of a novel anti-fungal protein from Gastrodia elata. Plant PhysiolBiochem 36, 899-905.
Yao J., Zhao X., Zhang H., Liao Z., Chen F, Song J., Sun X. & Tang K. 2003 Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel lectin gene from Pinellia ternata. Cell Res 13, 301-308.
Yao J.H., Zhao X.Y., Qi H.X., Wan B.L., Chen R, Sun X.R, Yu S.Q. & Tang K.X. 2004 Transgenic tobacco expressing an Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin gene displays enhanced resistance to aphids. Can J Plant Sci 84,785-790.
Zhao X.Y., Chen Z.H., Lin J., Kong W.W., Sun X.R & Tang K.X. 2006 Expression and purification of Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin in Escherichia coli. J Plant Physiol 163,206-212.
Zhao X.Y., Yao J.H., Liao Z.H., Zhang H.Y., Chen R, Wang L., Lu Y.Q., Sun X.R, Yu S.Q. & Tang K.X. 2003 Molecular cloning of a novel mannose-binding lectin gene from Arisaema heterophyllum.Plant Sci 165,55-60.
于敏,袁萍萍&章莹莹.2002植物凝集素部分生物学作用分析.安徽农业科学30.155-156.
毛雪,高丽峰,李彩霞&李润植.1999植物凝集素对蚜虫的抗生效应 山西农业大学学报192,122-124.
王志斌,李学勇&郭三堆.1998植物凝集素与抗虫基因工程[J].生物技术通报,5-9.
王海燕,白晓春&罗深秋.2003植物凝集素与医学应用.生命的化学23,224-226.
王逸群&荆玉祥.2000豆科植物凝集素及其对根瘤菌的识别作用[J].植物学通报17,127-132.
王逸群,孙珊珊,赵仁贵&王玉兰.2001豌豆凝集素基因转化单倍体烟草[J].吉林农业大学学报23,21-23.
王伟,朱祯,高越峰,石春林,陈宛新,郭仲琛&李向辉.1999双价抗虫基因陆地棉转化植株的获得.稽物学报41,384-388.
何佳颖,陈寅生&饶小珍.2005凝集素及其生物学作用[J].宁锝师专学报(自然科学版)17,19-22,
李友莲&吴海军.2000植物凝集素对桃蚜生长发育的影响[J].山西农业大学学报20,93-97.
李春鸣,罗旭&雷道年.1995凝集素在肿瘤研究中的应用[J].遵义医学院学报18,153-155.
李燕娥&朱祯.2004棉花转凝集素基因的研究进展[J].中国棉花31,5-6.
李润植&高武军.2000朝鲜天南星凝集素的分离及抗棉蚜效应分析.棉花学报121,54-56.
夏启中&张明菊.2004植物抗病的物质代谢基础[J].黄冈职业技术学院学报3,38-41.
高燕会&李润植.2000植物凝集素的防卫功能及其研究进展[J].世界农业,3-36.
梁丽娟.1995植物凝集素的研究进展[J].生物学教学,3-9.
曾日中&黎瑜.1998橡胶蛋白——一种与胶乳凝固有关的具有抗真菌活性的植物凝集素[J].植物学通报15(增刊),24-28.
葛尔宁.2004 HPLC图谱法鉴别中药滴水珠与半夏.中华医药杂志4.
熊维全&万群.2005植物凝集素及其在生物固氮中的作用[J].热带农业科技28,21-26.
潘映红,张淑香,曹景萍&杨雪梅.1998掌叶半夏凝集素的分离纯化及抗蚜活性研究 自然科学进展84,502-505.
潘科,黄炳球&侯学文.2002植物凝集素在病虫害防治中的研究进展.植物保护28,42-44.
刘士庄&施承梁.1996棉花凝集素的分离纯化及其对棉花枯萎病菌的影响.植物病理学报26,311-315.
刘召华,张振山,郭洪年,贾燕涛,郑光宇&田颖川.2005两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究.遗传学报32,758-763.
刘源&肖瑾.2007微生物凝集素的研究进展.国际口腔医学杂志34,1.
刘慧慧,李太武&苏秀榕.2003植物凝集素及其在生殖细胞表面糖复合物检测中的应用[J].自然杂志25,323-327.
华永刚.1998植物防卫蛋白—凝集素[Z].农业科技译丛.
吴楚&王政权.2001冰冻条件下两种外源凝集素对水曲柳幼叶叶绿素外膜的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,144-149.
孙册.1981凝集素(Lectin)研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理学进展3,15.
张红宇,吴先军,唐克轩,汪旭东,孙小芬&周开达.2003半夏凝集素基因导入水稻及其表达的初步研究[J].遗传学报30,1013-1019.
时丽冉.2001凝集素研究进展[J].衡水师专学报3,46-48.
萨姆布鲁克J.,弗里奇E.F.&曼尼阿蒂斯T.1992《分子克隆实验指南》第二版:科学出版社.
黄大日方,潘映红,张淑香,曹景萍,杨雪梅,张杰&尹蔚庄.1997从掌叶半夏和半夏中发现对几种蚜虫有致死活性的蛋白.中国农业科学30,94-96.
庞永珍,姚剑虹,申国安,戚华雄,谈锋,孙小芬&唐克轩.2004转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性.植物学报7.
Aub J.C., Tieslau C. & Lankester A. 1963 Reactions of mormal and tumor cell to enzymes I wheat-germ lipase and associated mucopolysaccharides[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci 50, 613-619.
Barre A., Bourne Y, Van Damme E.J., Peumans W.J. & Rouge P. 2001 Mannose-binding plant lectins: different structural scaffolds for a common sugar-recognition process. Biochimie 83, 645-651.
Beeker J.W. & reek C.N. Assoc Specific Carbohydrate binging by concancavalin and favin. Trans Amer Cryst 25, 37-90.
Bostwick D.E., Skaggs M.I. & Thompson GA. 1994 Organization and characterization of Cucurbita phloem lectin genes. Plant Mol Biol 26, 887-897.
Bouckaert J., Hamelryck T. & Wynes L. 1999 Novel structures of plant lectins and their complexes with carbohydrates. Curr Opin Struc Biol 9,572-577.
Boulter D. 1990 Additive protective efferts of incorporating two different higher plant insect resistence genes in transgenic tobacco plants[J]. Corp Protect, 351-354.
Bourne Y, Roussel A. & Frey M. 1990 Three-dimensional structures of complexes of Lathyrus Ochrus isolectin I with glucose and mannose: Fine specificity of the monosaccharide-binding site. PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics 8, 365-376.
Bourne Y, Zamboni V., Barre A., Peumans W.J., Van Damme E.J.M. & Rouge P. 1999 Helianthus tuberosus lectin reveals a widespread scaffold for mannose-binding lectins. Structure 7,1473-1478.
Boyd W.C. & Shapleigh E.I. 1954 Specific precipitation activity of plant agglutintins(lectins)[J]. Science 119,419.
Broekaert W.F., Van PJ. & Leyns F. 1989 A chitin-binding lectin from stinging rhizomes with antifungal properties. Science 245,1100-1102.
Chai Y, Pang Y, Liao Z., Zhang L., Sun X., Lu Y, Wang S. & Tang K. 2003 Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from Crinum asiaticum. J Plant Physiol 160, 913-920.
Chen H., Czajka-Jakubowska A., Spencer N.J., Mansfield J.F, Robinson C. & Clarkson B.H. 2006 Effects of systemic fluoride and in vitro fluoride treatment on enamel crystals. J Dent Res 85,1042-1045.
Chen Z., Kai G, Liu X., Lin J., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005a cDNA cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizomes. J Biosci 30, 213-220.
Chen Z., Pang Y., Liu X., Wang X., Deng Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005b Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mannose-binding lectin cDNA from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Biocell 29,187-193.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2004 Genomic cloning and characterization of a novel lectin gene from Zantedeschia aethiopica. Biosci Rep 24, 225-234.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005c Cloning and expression of a novel cDNA encoding a mannose-binding lectin from Dendrobium officinale. Toxicon 45,535-540.
Chen Z., Sun X. & Tang K. 2005d Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Mannose-binding Lectin Gene from Dendrobium officinale. J Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 14,33-36.
Chen Z.H, Kai G.Y., Liu X.J., Lin J., Sun X.F. & Tang K.X. 2005 cDNA cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin from Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizomes. J Biosci 30, 213-220.
Cox K.D., Layne D.R., Scorza R. & Schnabel G. 2006 Gastrodia anti-fungal protein from the orchid Gastrodia elata confers disease resistance to root pathogens in transgenic tobacco. Planta 224,1373-1383.
Does M.J., Houterman P.M., Dekker H.L. & Cornelissen B.J.C. 1999 Processing, targeting and antifungal activity of stinging nettle agglutinin in transgenic tobacco. Plant Physiol 120,421-431.
Down R.E., Ford L., Woodhouse S.D., Raemaekers R.J.M., Leitch B., Gatehouse J.A. & Gatehouse A.M.R. 2000 Snowdrop lectin(GNA) has no acute toxic effects on a beneficial insect predator, the 2-spot ladybird (Adalia bipunctata L.). J Insect Physiol 46, 379-391.
Edelman G.M., Cunningham B.A. & Reeke G.N. 1972 The covalent and three-dimensional structure of concanavalin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69, 2580-2584.
Emanuelsson O., Nielsen H., Brunak S. & von Heijne G 2000 Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. J Mol Biol 300,1005-1016.
Felsenstein J. 1985 Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-791.
Fisher W.S. & DiNuzzo A.R. 1991 Agglutination of bacteria and crythrocytes by serum from six species of marinemolluses[J]. Invertebr Pathol 57, 380-394.
Fitches E., Gatehouse A.M.R. & Gatehouse J.A. 1997 Effects of snowdrop lectin (GNA) delivered via artificial diet and trasgenic plants on the development of tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) larvae in laboratory and glasshouse trials. J Insect Physiol 43, 727-739.
Foissac X., Loc N.T., Christou P., Gatehouse A.M.R. & gatehouse j.A. 2000 Resistance to green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens) and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in transgenic rice expressing snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA). J Insect Physiol 46,573-583.
Freire M.D.G.M., Gomes V.M., Corsini R.E., Machado O.L.T., Simone S.G.D., Novello J.C., Marangoni S. & Macedo M.L.R. 2002 Isolation and partial characterization of a novel lectin from Talisia esculenta seeds that interferes with fungal growth. Plant Physiol Biochem 40, 61-68.
Gao Y, Qu L. & Chen Z. 2000 Study on the molecular biology of plant lectin. Biotechnology information 5,18-22.
Goto R., Muramoto K., Yamazaki M. & et al. 1992 Purification and characterization of an agglutinin of the soft coral Sinularia species [J]. Dev Comp Immunol 16, 9-17.
Guex N. & Peitsch M. C. 1997 SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: An environment for comparative protein modelling. Electrophoresis 18, 2714-2723.
Hammarstrom S. & Kabat E.A. 1969 Purification and characterization of a blood-group A reactive hemagglutintin from the snail Helix pomatia and a study of its combining site[J]. Biochemistry 8,2696-2705.
Hao Q., Van Damme E.J.M. & Hause B. 2001 Iris (Iris hollandica var. Professor Blaauw) bulbs express type 1 and type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins with unusual properties. Plant Physiol 125, 866-876.
Hester G, Kaku H. & Goldstein I.J. 1995 Structure of mannose-specific snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin is representative of a new plant lectin family. Nature Structural Biology 2, 472-479.
Hester G. & Wright CS. 1996 The mannose-specific bulb lectin from Galanthus Nivalis (Snowdrop) Binds mono- and dimammosides at distinct sites, Structure analysis of refined complexes at 2.3 and 3.0 resolution. J Mol Biol 262, 516-531.
Hilder V.A., Powell K.S., Gatchouse A.M.R., Gatehouse J.A., Gatehouse L.N., Shi Y, Ha milton W.D.O., Merryweather A., Newell C.A., Timans J.C, Peumans W.J., Van Damme E. & Boulter D. 1995 Expression of snowdrop lectin in transgenic tabacco plants results in added protection against aphids[J] Transgenic Res 4,18-25.
Hirai M., Nakamura K., Imai T. & Sato T. 1993 cDNAs encoding for storage proteins in the tubers of taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott). Jpn. J Genet 68,229-236.
Hudgin R.L., Pricer W.E.Jr., Ashwell G, Stockert R.J. & Morell A.G 1974 The isolation and properties of a rabbit liver binding protein specific for asialogycoproteins[J].J Bio Chem 259, 9121-9126.
Igor I., Agapov & et al. 1999 Mistletoe lectin A chain unfolds during the intracellular transport. FEBS left 431, 35-39.
Langer M., Rothe M., Eck J., Mockel B. & Zinke H. 1996 A nonradioactive assay for ribosome-inactivating proteins. Anal Biochem 243,150-153.
Li Y, Decker S., Yuan Z.A., Denbesten P.K., Aragon M.A., Jordan-Sciutto K., Abrams W.R., Huh J., McDonald C, Chen E., MacDougall M. & Gibson CW. 2005 Effects of sodium fluoride on the actin cytoskeleton of murine ameloblasts. Arch Oral Biol 50, 681-688.
Lodeiro A.R., Garcia S.L.L., Vazquez T.E.E. & Favelukes G. 2000 Stimulation of adhesiveness, infectivity, and competitiveness for nodulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum by its pretreatment with soybean seed lectin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 188,177-184.
Marchalonis J.J. & Edelman G.M. 1968 Isolation and characterization of a hemagglutintin from Limulus polyphemus[J]. J Mol Biol 32,453-465.
Nowell PC 1960 Phytohemagglutintin: an initiator of mitosis in culture of animal and human leukocytes [J]. Cancer Res 20,462-466.
Park R., Kim M.S., So H.S., Jung B.H., Moon S.R., Chung S.Y, Ko C.B., Kim B.R. & Chung H.T. 2000 Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK 1) in mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis of human myeloleukemic U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 60,1685-1691.
Pascal J.M., Day P.J., Monzingo A.F., Ernst S.R., Robertus J.D., Iglesias R., Perez Y., Ferreras J.M., Citores L, & Girbes T. 2001 2.8.-A Crystal structure of a nontoxic type2 ribosome-inactivating protein, Ebulin I. In PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics, vol. 43, pp. 326-379.
Peitsch M. C. 1995 Protein modeling by E-mail. Bio /Technology 13, 658-660.
Pemans W.J., Barre A. & Qiang H. 2000 Minireview: Higher plants structurally different motifs to recognize foreign glycans [J]. Trends in Glyco Science and Glycotechnology 12, 83-101.
Peumans W.J. & Van Damme E.J.M. 1995 Lectins as plant defense proteins. Plant Physiol 109, 347-352.
Peumans W.J. & Van Damme E.J.M. 1998 Plant lectins: Versatile proteins with important perspectives in biotechnology. Biotech Genetic Eng Rev 15, 199-229.
Powell K.S., Gatchouse A.M.R., Van Damme E.J.M. & et al. 1995 Different antinetabolic effects of related lectins nym phae stages of Nilaparvata lugens[J]. Entomologia Experimentals et Applicata 112,1511-1540.
Powell K.S., Gatehouse A.M.R., Hilder VA. & Gate house J.A. 1993 Antimetabolic effects of plant lectins and plant and fungal enzymes on the nymphal stages of two important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens and Nephotettix cinciteps. Entomol Exp Appl 66,119-126.
Pusztai A. 1993 Dietary lectins are metabolic signals for the gut and modulate immune and hormone functions. Eur J Clin Nutr 47, 691-699.
Pusztai A., Ewen S.W.B., Grant G, Brown D.S., Stewart J.C., Peumans W.J., van Damme E.J.M. & Bardocz S. 1993 Antinutritive effects of wheat-germ agglutinin and other N-acetylglucosamine-specific lectins. Brit J Nutr 70.
Raina A. & Datta A. 1992 Molecular cloning of a gene encoding a seed-specific protein with nutritionally balanced amino acid composition from Amaranthus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89,11774-11778.
Ramesh S., Nagadhara D., Reddy V.D. & Rao K.V. 2004 Production of transgenic indica rice resistant to yellow stem borer and sap-sucking insects, using super-binary vectors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Sci 166, 1077-1085.
Sankaranarayanan R., Sckar K. & Banerjee R. 1996 A novel mode of carbohydrate recognition in Jacalin, a moraceae plant lectin with a β-prism fold. Nat Struct Biol 3, 596-603.
Schumacher U., Feldhaus S. & Mengs U. 2000 Recombinant mistletoe lectin (rML) is successful in treating human ovarian cancer cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Cancer Letters 150,171-175.
Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N. & Peitsch M.C. 2003 SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 3381-3385.
Sharon N., Lis H. & Lotan R. 1974 On the structure diversity of lectins[J]. Coll Int CNRS 221, 693-709.
Springer G.F. & Desai P.R. 1971 Monosaccharides as specific precipitatinogens of eel anti-human blood group H (O) antibody [J]. Biochemistry 10, 3749-3760.
Stockert R.J., Morell A.G. & Scheinberg I.H. 1974 Mammalian hepatic lectin[J]. Science 186, 365-366.
Sumner J.B. & Howell S.F. 1936 The identification of the hemagglutinin og the jack bean with concanavalin A[J]. J Bacterio 32, 227-237.
Sweeney E.C., Tonevisky A.G., Palmer R.A., Niwa H., Pfueller U., Eck J., Lentzen H., Agapov I.I., & Kirpichnikov M.P. 1998 Mistletoe lectin I forms a double trefoil structure. FEBS Lett 431, 367-370.
Tang K.X., Tinjuangjun P., Xu Y.N., Sun X.F., Gatehouse J.A., Ronald RC, Qi H.X., Lu X.G., Christou P. & Kohi A. 1999 Particle-bombardment-mediated co-transformation of elite Chinese rice cultivars with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and sap-sucking insect pests. Planta 208, 552-563.
Tang K.X., Zhao E., Sun X., Wan B., Qi H. & Lu X. 2001 Production of transgenic rice homozygous lines with enhanced resistance to the rice brown planthopper. Acta Biotechnol 21,117-128.
Teichberg V.I., Silman I., Beitsch D.D. & Resheff G. 1975 A β-D-galactoside binding protein from electric organ tissue of Electrophorus electricus[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci 72,1383-1387.
Thompson J.D. 1997 The CLUSTALX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25,4876-4882.
Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G, Gibson T.J. & Wolfinger R.D. 1994 Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673-4680.
Van Damme E.J.M., Astoul C.H., Barre A., Rouge P. & Peumans W.J. 2000 Cloning and characterization of a monocot mannose-binding lectin from Crocus vernus (family Iridaceae). EurJ Biochem 267, 5067-5077.
Van Damme E.J.M., Goossens K., Smeets K., Van Leuven F., Verhaert P. & Peumans W.J. 1995a The major tuber storage protein of Araceae species is a lectin. Characterization and molecular cloning of the lectin from Arum maculatum. Plant Physiol 109,1147-1158.
Van Damme E.J.M., Peumans W.J., Pusztai A. & Bardocz S. 1997 Handbook of plant lectins: proterties and biomedical applications[M]. In Chichester: John Willey and Sons Ltd.
Van Damme E.J.M., Smeets K. & Peumans W.J. 1995b The mannose binding monocot lectins and their genes, in: A.J. Pusztai, S.Bardocz (Eds.), Lectins. Bio Medical Perspectives, Taylor and Francis, 59-80.
Von Heijne G 1986 A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucl. Acids Res. 14,4683-4690.
Wang Z.Y., Sun X.F., Wang E, Tang K.X. & Zhang J.R. 2005 Enhanced resistance of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin)-expressing maize to Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee). J Integrative Plant Biol Al, 873-880.
Watkins W.M. & Morgan W.T.J. 1952 Neutralization of the anti-H agglutintin in eel serum by simple sugars[J]. Nature 169.
Xu Q., Liu Y., Wang X., Gu H. & Z. C. 1998 Purification and characterization of a novel anti-fungal protein from Gastrodia elata. Plant PhysiolBiochem 36, 899-905.
Yao J., Zhao X., Zhang H., Liao Z., Chen F, Song J., Sun X. & Tang K. 2003 Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel lectin gene from Pinellia ternata. Cell Res 13, 301-308.
Yao J.H., Zhao X.Y., Qi H.X., Wan B.L., Chen R, Sun X.R, Yu S.Q. & Tang K.X. 2004 Transgenic tobacco expressing an Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin gene displays enhanced resistance to aphids. Can J Plant Sci 84,785-790.
Zhao X.Y., Chen Z.H., Lin J., Kong W.W., Sun X.R & Tang K.X. 2006 Expression and purification of Arisaema heterophyllum agglutinin in Escherichia coli. J Plant Physiol 163,206-212.
Zhao X.Y., Yao J.H., Liao Z.H., Zhang H.Y., Chen R, Wang L., Lu Y.Q., Sun X.R, Yu S.Q. & Tang K.X. 2003 Molecular cloning of a novel mannose-binding lectin gene from Arisaema heterophyllum.Plant Sci 165,55-60.
于敏,袁萍萍&章莹莹.2002植物凝集素部分生物学作用分析.安徽农业科学30.155-156.
毛雪,高丽峰,李彩霞&李润植.1999植物凝集素对蚜虫的抗生效应 山西农业大学学报192,122-124.
王志斌,李学勇&郭三堆.1998植物凝集素与抗虫基因工程[J].生物技术通报,5-9.
王海燕,白晓春&罗深秋.2003植物凝集素与医学应用.生命的化学23,224-226.
王逸群&荆玉祥.2000豆科植物凝集素及其对根瘤菌的识别作用[J].植物学通报17,127-132.
王逸群,孙珊珊,赵仁贵&王玉兰.2001豌豆凝集素基因转化单倍体烟草[J].吉林农业大学学报23,21-23.
王伟,朱祯,高越峰,石春林,陈宛新,郭仲琛&李向辉.1999双价抗虫基因陆地棉转化植株的获得.稽物学报41,384-388.
何佳颖,陈寅生&饶小珍.2005凝集素及其生物学作用[J].宁锝师专学报(自然科学版)17,19-22,
李友莲&吴海军.2000植物凝集素对桃蚜生长发育的影响[J].山西农业大学学报20,93-97.
李春鸣,罗旭&雷道年.1995凝集素在肿瘤研究中的应用[J].遵义医学院学报18,153-155.
李燕娥&朱祯.2004棉花转凝集素基因的研究进展[J].中国棉花31,5-6.
李润植&高武军.2000朝鲜天南星凝集素的分离及抗棉蚜效应分析.棉花学报121,54-56.
夏启中&张明菊.2004植物抗病的物质代谢基础[J].黄冈职业技术学院学报3,38-41.
高燕会&李润植.2000植物凝集素的防卫功能及其研究进展[J].世界农业,3-36.
梁丽娟.1995植物凝集素的研究进展[J].生物学教学,3-9.
曾日中&黎瑜.1998橡胶蛋白——一种与胶乳凝固有关的具有抗真菌活性的植物凝集素[J].植物学通报15(增刊),24-28.
葛尔宁.2004 HPLC图谱法鉴别中药滴水珠与半夏.中华医药杂志4.
熊维全&万群.2005植物凝集素及其在生物固氮中的作用[J].热带农业科技28,21-26.
潘映红,张淑香,曹景萍&杨雪梅.1998掌叶半夏凝集素的分离纯化及抗蚜活性研究 自然科学进展84,502-505.
潘科,黄炳球&侯学文.2002植物凝集素在病虫害防治中的研究进展.植物保护28,42-44.
刘士庄&施承梁.1996棉花凝集素的分离纯化及其对棉花枯萎病菌的影响.植物病理学报26,311-315.
刘召华,张振山,郭洪年,贾燕涛,郑光宇&田颖川.2005两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究.遗传学报32,758-763.
刘源&肖瑾.2007微生物凝集素的研究进展.国际口腔医学杂志34,1.
刘慧慧,李太武&苏秀榕.2003植物凝集素及其在生殖细胞表面糖复合物检测中的应用[J].自然杂志25,323-327.
华永刚.1998植物防卫蛋白—凝集素[Z].农业科技译丛.
吴楚&王政权.2001冰冻条件下两种外源凝集素对水曲柳幼叶叶绿素外膜的影响[J].湖北农学院学报,144-149.
孙册.1981凝集素(Lectin)研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理学进展3,15.
张红宇,吴先军,唐克轩,汪旭东,孙小芬&周开达.2003半夏凝集素基因导入水稻及其表达的初步研究[J].遗传学报30,1013-1019.
时丽冉.2001凝集素研究进展[J].衡水师专学报3,46-48.
萨姆布鲁克J.,弗里奇E.F.&曼尼阿蒂斯T.1992《分子克隆实验指南》第二版:科学出版社.
黄大日方,潘映红,张淑香,曹景萍,杨雪梅,张杰&尹蔚庄.1997从掌叶半夏和半夏中发现对几种蚜虫有致死活性的蛋白.中国农业科学30,94-96.
庞永珍,姚剑虹,申国安,戚华雄,谈锋,孙小芬&唐克轩.2004转石蒜凝集素基因烟草的抗蚜虫性.植物学报7.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |