桥梁气动导纳函数研究及其应用
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摘要
随着桥梁跨度的增大，大气紊流风场中脉动成分所致的结构抖振响应正成为影响结构安全的重要因素之一。准确预测抖振响应的一个重要环节是对抖振荷载的恰当描述。气动导纳函数反映了紊流各脉动分量与抖振荷载之间的气动传递过程，是确定抖振荷载的关键因素，但当前在桥梁抖振计算中广泛采用的或者不考虑导纳函数或者采用平面薄翼导纳函数的做法存在诸多的不足。
本文基于非定常理论的气动力荷载模型，推导了能有效反映紊流各脉动分量对非定常气动力荷载分量影响的多个气动导纳函数的识别公式。设计桁架模型及多个能反映扁平箱梁特点的节段模型，在风洞试验中结合高频动态天平技术，利用非定常识别方法，同时研究了桁架断面及箱型断面气动导纳函数的特点及变化规律。以两座大跨度悬索桥为例，考察了本文试验导纳函数在大跨度桥梁抖振响应计算中的应用。主要完成了以下几方面的工作。
首先，对紊流风场中适用于桥梁断面的荷载模型进行了研究，建立了包含6个气动导纳函数、能分别反映紊流脉动分量对各荷载分量影响程度的非定常气动荷载模型，明确了6个气动导纳函数所反映的物理意义。
其次，研究了桥梁结构中采用的气动导纳函数的使用情况，指出当前桥梁结构抖振响应计算中广泛采用的机翼理论气动导纳函数的不足。基于非定常气动荷载模型，确立全部6个气动导纳函数的非定常识别方法。
第三，利用平板模型考察了气动导纳函数非定常识别方法的正确性。设计并制作桁架模型及多个能反映扁平箱梁特点的不同宽厚比的节段模型，借助高频动态天平测量技术，研究了9种工况下桁架结构断面及36种工况下箱型断面的气动导纳函数特点及其变化规律，得出一些重要的结论。通过合理简化，采用数值拟合技术给出分别适用于桁架结构断面和扁平箱梁断面、可用于实际抖振荷载计算的三个分量的气动导纳函数的表达式。
最后，结合主跨1108m的广州珠江黄埔大桥及主跨1088m的贵州坝陵河大桥的抖振计算，考察了非定常理论识别的气动导纳函数的适用性。研究表明，本文提出的气动导纳函数非定常识别理论及研究方法是可靠的，能合理反映紊流风场对不同非定常抖振荷载的影响。得到的试验导纳函数可方便地用于实际桥梁的抖振响应分析。该种研究方法既可适用于大跨度扁平箱梁的导纳函数识别，也能应用于桁架结构的加劲梁的气动导纳函数的研究。
As the span length of long span bridges increases, buffeting response caused by fluctuation components of atmosphere turbulence become one of the most important factors endangering the structure safety. Describing the buffeting gust load properly is an important section to predict the buffeting response. Aerodynamic admittance function, which could reflect the transfer process between fluctuation components of turbulence and gust loads of structure, is the key factor to determine the gust load. Either Sears function of airfoil section or no considering aerodynamic admittance usually used in bridge buffeting computation now is not suitable actually.
Based on unsteady aerodynamic gust load model, identification method of six aerodynamic admittance functions which could reflect influence of the fluctuation components of turbulence on the gust load components are set up in the paper. Combined with wind tunnel test, unsteady gust forces of truss section model are measured by high frequency dynamic balance as well as different chord-thickness ratio section models of flat box section at different attack angle. Accordingly, characteristic of aerodynamic admittance function are obtained. Finally, buffeting responses of two long-span suspension bridges are calculated to investigate the feasibility of the aerodynamic admittance measured in wind tunnel. The research works are mainly concerned with the following aspects:
Firstly, aerodynamic gust load model suitably for bridge section in turbulent is studied. And the unsteady gust load model included six aerodynamic admittance functions which could reflect influence degree of the fluctuation components of turbulence on the gust load components is established, as well as the physical significance of six aerodynamic admittance is explicitly defined.
Secondly, the usage of aerodynamic admittance functions in bridge structure are investigate, and the deficit of Sears function based on airfoil theory used generally in bridge buffeting prediction is pointed out. Based on unsteady gust load model, the identification method of all the six aerodynamic admittance functions is put forward.
Thirdly, four flat box section models with different chord-to-thickness ratio and a truss section model are designed. Combined with high frequency dynamic balance technology, the character and variety law of aerodynamic admittance function of flat box and truss section models are studied in wind tunnel. Some important conclusions are obtained. By numerical simulation, the formulas of aerodynamic admittance functions of flat box and truss section, which could be used in calculating three components of gust load, are proposed respectively.
Finally, by the buffeting predictions of Zhu-River Huangpu suspension bridge with main span 1108m and Baling-River suspension bridge with main span 1088m, the feasibility of aerodynamic admittance functions identified by unsteady theory is investigated. By the research result, the method and the unsteady identification theory of aerodynamic admittance function are sound and feasible, which could reflect the influence the components of turbulent on the three components of gust load properly. And the test aerodynamic admittance could be used in buffeting prediction of actual bridge conveniently. The research method could be suited for the identification of aerodynamic admittance function of both long-span flat box girder and truss structure stiffened girder.
本文基于非定常理论的气动力荷载模型，推导了能有效反映紊流各脉动分量对非定常气动力荷载分量影响的多个气动导纳函数的识别公式。设计桁架模型及多个能反映扁平箱梁特点的节段模型，在风洞试验中结合高频动态天平技术，利用非定常识别方法，同时研究了桁架断面及箱型断面气动导纳函数的特点及变化规律。以两座大跨度悬索桥为例，考察了本文试验导纳函数在大跨度桥梁抖振响应计算中的应用。主要完成了以下几方面的工作。
首先，对紊流风场中适用于桥梁断面的荷载模型进行了研究，建立了包含6个气动导纳函数、能分别反映紊流脉动分量对各荷载分量影响程度的非定常气动荷载模型，明确了6个气动导纳函数所反映的物理意义。
其次，研究了桥梁结构中采用的气动导纳函数的使用情况，指出当前桥梁结构抖振响应计算中广泛采用的机翼理论气动导纳函数的不足。基于非定常气动荷载模型，确立全部6个气动导纳函数的非定常识别方法。
第三，利用平板模型考察了气动导纳函数非定常识别方法的正确性。设计并制作桁架模型及多个能反映扁平箱梁特点的不同宽厚比的节段模型，借助高频动态天平测量技术，研究了9种工况下桁架结构断面及36种工况下箱型断面的气动导纳函数特点及其变化规律，得出一些重要的结论。通过合理简化，采用数值拟合技术给出分别适用于桁架结构断面和扁平箱梁断面、可用于实际抖振荷载计算的三个分量的气动导纳函数的表达式。
最后，结合主跨1108m的广州珠江黄埔大桥及主跨1088m的贵州坝陵河大桥的抖振计算，考察了非定常理论识别的气动导纳函数的适用性。研究表明，本文提出的气动导纳函数非定常识别理论及研究方法是可靠的，能合理反映紊流风场对不同非定常抖振荷载的影响。得到的试验导纳函数可方便地用于实际桥梁的抖振响应分析。该种研究方法既可适用于大跨度扁平箱梁的导纳函数识别，也能应用于桁架结构的加劲梁的气动导纳函数的研究。
As the span length of long span bridges increases, buffeting response caused by fluctuation components of atmosphere turbulence become one of the most important factors endangering the structure safety. Describing the buffeting gust load properly is an important section to predict the buffeting response. Aerodynamic admittance function, which could reflect the transfer process between fluctuation components of turbulence and gust loads of structure, is the key factor to determine the gust load. Either Sears function of airfoil section or no considering aerodynamic admittance usually used in bridge buffeting computation now is not suitable actually.
Based on unsteady aerodynamic gust load model, identification method of six aerodynamic admittance functions which could reflect influence of the fluctuation components of turbulence on the gust load components are set up in the paper. Combined with wind tunnel test, unsteady gust forces of truss section model are measured by high frequency dynamic balance as well as different chord-thickness ratio section models of flat box section at different attack angle. Accordingly, characteristic of aerodynamic admittance function are obtained. Finally, buffeting responses of two long-span suspension bridges are calculated to investigate the feasibility of the aerodynamic admittance measured in wind tunnel. The research works are mainly concerned with the following aspects:
Firstly, aerodynamic gust load model suitably for bridge section in turbulent is studied. And the unsteady gust load model included six aerodynamic admittance functions which could reflect influence degree of the fluctuation components of turbulence on the gust load components is established, as well as the physical significance of six aerodynamic admittance is explicitly defined.
Secondly, the usage of aerodynamic admittance functions in bridge structure are investigate, and the deficit of Sears function based on airfoil theory used generally in bridge buffeting prediction is pointed out. Based on unsteady gust load model, the identification method of all the six aerodynamic admittance functions is put forward.
Thirdly, four flat box section models with different chord-to-thickness ratio and a truss section model are designed. Combined with high frequency dynamic balance technology, the character and variety law of aerodynamic admittance function of flat box and truss section models are studied in wind tunnel. Some important conclusions are obtained. By numerical simulation, the formulas of aerodynamic admittance functions of flat box and truss section, which could be used in calculating three components of gust load, are proposed respectively.
Finally, by the buffeting predictions of Zhu-River Huangpu suspension bridge with main span 1108m and Baling-River suspension bridge with main span 1088m, the feasibility of aerodynamic admittance functions identified by unsteady theory is investigated. By the research result, the method and the unsteady identification theory of aerodynamic admittance function are sound and feasible, which could reflect the influence the components of turbulent on the three components of gust load properly. And the test aerodynamic admittance could be used in buffeting prediction of actual bridge conveniently. The research method could be suited for the identification of aerodynamic admittance function of both long-span flat box girder and truss structure stiffened girder.
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