基于虚拟现实技术的可控可视化矿井通风研究
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摘要
在国家越来越重视采矿业生产安全问题的大背景下，解决矿井的通风问题首当其冲。目前，在矿井通风作业中普遍存在着测量工作繁重、实际运作成本高、反馈信息滞后、通风系统效率及精确度低、实现系统局部或整体的可控性和可视化困难等一些急待解决的问题。依据采矿工程和系统工程的方法和理论，运用计算机科学技术中的相关高新技术(基于图像的建模与绘制技术、小波空间、智能虚拟环境等)，科学地创建矿井的三维虚拟场景，系统地调配巷道数据并精确生成矿井的通风网络图，调节优化通风设施(风窗、风门、风桥等)或设备(扇风机、局扇等)的参数，对杜绝矿井安全隐患，实现生产安全自动控制有重要的现实意义和长远的战略意义。
本文将矿井通风理论与计算机虚拟现实技术相结合重点研究了以下内容：首先系统阐述了矿井通风系统及其风网解算理论与方法，详细介绍了矿井通风的基本定律，给出了矿井通风网络解算的数学模型，以及最先进的风网解算方法和程序框图。
在此基础上论文详细论述虚拟现实技术及其发展历史和应用，介绍了虚拟现实技术的特征、构成和分类。论文详细论述了矿井通风可视化建模，运用图像建模法，介绍了虚拟巷道建模、虚拟设备建模和虚拟人体建模。详细阐述了分形几何在建模中的应用，创造性地提出了基于方差排序法和相似膨胀算法构成的分形图像编码。同时给出了一种创新的FIC-EE加强式算法，对于虚拟环境中的运动模拟，论文创造性地提出了B样条曲线GC~2扩展的新方法，详细介绍了该方法的基本思路和连续扩展条件以及控制顶点的算法。
根据矿井风流的非稳定流动和含瓦斯弥散的特点，提出了机械扰动下风流与瓦斯浓度弥散的耦合建模问题。论文建立了矿井机械扰动下风流一维非稳定活动的数学模型，给出了矿井瓦斯浓度分布的数学模型，并创造性地提出了风流与瓦斯浓度弥散的耦合数学模型，以及该模型的解算方法。
论文简要介绍了智能虚拟环境及其研究现状，详细阐述了智能虚拟环境中的六个关键技术，即具有复杂行为和生命特征的对象建模技术、面向IVE的人体动画技术、智能生命的模拟技术、图像实时绘制技术、智能人-机／人-人交互技术和IVE知识表示和推理技术。论文还给出了虚拟环境的建模构思。
论文在智能虚拟环境系统结构的基础上提出了采用多Agent系统实现矿井通风仿真问题，系统论述了Agent的理论基础和智能Agent的定义、结构和类型，并指出混合型Agent是最佳构造Agent的方式。论文在详细论述多Agent系统、面向Agent程序设计和阐述BDI理论模型基础上，创新地提出了一种BICC体系结构的移动Agent计算理论，即由信念-意愿-能力-承诺组成的意向系统。详细给出了Agent信念的形式化语言L、模型和语义，同时提出了运用规划树定义Agent能力的形式化语义。论文采用了蚁群觅食模型算法，并为Agent建立了六元组描述模型。结合山西某大型煤矿，进行了通风仿真系统解算，计算结果与迭代解算误差不超过6％。
Under the background of paying more and more attention on coal's safe produce by our country, the first and important problem is ventilation of mine. At present, ventilation of mine has some urgent problems to be settled, such as the heavy measure, high cost of actual operation, late of feedback info, lowness of ventilation efficiency and precision, difficulty to realize local and whole controllability & visibility. Some measure should be taken, such as taking method and theory for mine project, exerting correlative high and new technique in computer technology(modeling and render technique based image, wavalete, intelligent virtual environment), creating three dimension dummy scene, scheming laneway data and creating network graph, adjusting and optimizing parameter of ventilation equipment(wind window, wind door, wind bridge, blower and local blower, etc.). It has great realistic meaning and farsighted strategy meaning for deleting safety accident and realizing safety produce.
The paper combines together the visual reality technique and ventilation theories of mine. It expatiates the theory of ventilation system and wind net calculation, and introduces the basic law of ventilation of mine in detail. Mathematics model of wind net calculation is given out. It presents the most advanced method of wind net calculation and program flow chart.
The paper discusses the visual reality technique and its development & applications in detail, and introduces its character, structure and class. It points out the four key technique of visual reality: dynamic environment molding, real-time three-dimensional graph creating, three-dimensional displaying and multi-dimensional person-machine interaction.
Visible molding of mine ventilation, using image-based method, is discussed in detail. The paper introduces modeling of visual laneway, visual equipment and visual human. The application of fractal geometry in molding is expatiated in detail, and innovatively presents a new fractal image coding based on variance and similar expansion arithmetic. Also a enhanced coding arithmetic is given. For movement simulation, it gives out a new method of extension algorithm for B-splines with GC~2-continuous. The basic measure, condition of continuous extension and calculation of control vertex are introduced in detail.
According to characteristic of non-steady state methane dispersion model, the paper presents mathematical model of non-steady airflow in mine networks under mechanical disturbance. It may supply the mathematical basis for analysis of mine ventilation. A mathematical model of dimensional non-steady airflow in mine network under mechanical disturbance is presented; also the calculation method model is given.
The paper simply introduces intelligence visual environment and its present research, and discusses its six key techniques: object molding with complex behavior and life characteristic, human body animation oriented to IVE, simulation of intelligence life, real-time image rending, intelligence human-machine/human-human interaction, knowledge denotation and reasoning of IVE. Also molding idea of visual environment is given out.
On the base of intelligence visual environment's system structure, the paper realizes ventilation simulation of mine by multi-agent system, and discusses the theory foundation of agent. It gives out the definition, structure and type of intelligence agent. The best way to construct agent is hybrid agent. After introducing multi-agent system, agent oriented programming and theory model of BDI, a new BICC structure of mobile agent theory is presented (i.e. intention system composed by brief, intent, capability and commitment). It defines a formal language L, model and semantic for agent's brief. Also the formal semantic of agent's capability is defined by planning tree. Combined ant arithmetic, a six-set model is established. Taking a large mine of shanxi province for instance, the variance of new simulation way is no more than 6% compared to iterative calculation.
本文将矿井通风理论与计算机虚拟现实技术相结合重点研究了以下内容：首先系统阐述了矿井通风系统及其风网解算理论与方法，详细介绍了矿井通风的基本定律，给出了矿井通风网络解算的数学模型，以及最先进的风网解算方法和程序框图。
在此基础上论文详细论述虚拟现实技术及其发展历史和应用，介绍了虚拟现实技术的特征、构成和分类。论文详细论述了矿井通风可视化建模，运用图像建模法，介绍了虚拟巷道建模、虚拟设备建模和虚拟人体建模。详细阐述了分形几何在建模中的应用，创造性地提出了基于方差排序法和相似膨胀算法构成的分形图像编码。同时给出了一种创新的FIC-EE加强式算法，对于虚拟环境中的运动模拟，论文创造性地提出了B样条曲线GC~2扩展的新方法，详细介绍了该方法的基本思路和连续扩展条件以及控制顶点的算法。
根据矿井风流的非稳定流动和含瓦斯弥散的特点，提出了机械扰动下风流与瓦斯浓度弥散的耦合建模问题。论文建立了矿井机械扰动下风流一维非稳定活动的数学模型，给出了矿井瓦斯浓度分布的数学模型，并创造性地提出了风流与瓦斯浓度弥散的耦合数学模型，以及该模型的解算方法。
论文简要介绍了智能虚拟环境及其研究现状，详细阐述了智能虚拟环境中的六个关键技术，即具有复杂行为和生命特征的对象建模技术、面向IVE的人体动画技术、智能生命的模拟技术、图像实时绘制技术、智能人-机／人-人交互技术和IVE知识表示和推理技术。论文还给出了虚拟环境的建模构思。
论文在智能虚拟环境系统结构的基础上提出了采用多Agent系统实现矿井通风仿真问题，系统论述了Agent的理论基础和智能Agent的定义、结构和类型，并指出混合型Agent是最佳构造Agent的方式。论文在详细论述多Agent系统、面向Agent程序设计和阐述BDI理论模型基础上，创新地提出了一种BICC体系结构的移动Agent计算理论，即由信念-意愿-能力-承诺组成的意向系统。详细给出了Agent信念的形式化语言L、模型和语义，同时提出了运用规划树定义Agent能力的形式化语义。论文采用了蚁群觅食模型算法，并为Agent建立了六元组描述模型。结合山西某大型煤矿，进行了通风仿真系统解算，计算结果与迭代解算误差不超过6％。
Under the background of paying more and more attention on coal's safe produce by our country, the first and important problem is ventilation of mine. At present, ventilation of mine has some urgent problems to be settled, such as the heavy measure, high cost of actual operation, late of feedback info, lowness of ventilation efficiency and precision, difficulty to realize local and whole controllability & visibility. Some measure should be taken, such as taking method and theory for mine project, exerting correlative high and new technique in computer technology(modeling and render technique based image, wavalete, intelligent virtual environment), creating three dimension dummy scene, scheming laneway data and creating network graph, adjusting and optimizing parameter of ventilation equipment(wind window, wind door, wind bridge, blower and local blower, etc.). It has great realistic meaning and farsighted strategy meaning for deleting safety accident and realizing safety produce.
The paper combines together the visual reality technique and ventilation theories of mine. It expatiates the theory of ventilation system and wind net calculation, and introduces the basic law of ventilation of mine in detail. Mathematics model of wind net calculation is given out. It presents the most advanced method of wind net calculation and program flow chart.
The paper discusses the visual reality technique and its development & applications in detail, and introduces its character, structure and class. It points out the four key technique of visual reality: dynamic environment molding, real-time three-dimensional graph creating, three-dimensional displaying and multi-dimensional person-machine interaction.
Visible molding of mine ventilation, using image-based method, is discussed in detail. The paper introduces modeling of visual laneway, visual equipment and visual human. The application of fractal geometry in molding is expatiated in detail, and innovatively presents a new fractal image coding based on variance and similar expansion arithmetic. Also a enhanced coding arithmetic is given. For movement simulation, it gives out a new method of extension algorithm for B-splines with GC~2-continuous. The basic measure, condition of continuous extension and calculation of control vertex are introduced in detail.
According to characteristic of non-steady state methane dispersion model, the paper presents mathematical model of non-steady airflow in mine networks under mechanical disturbance. It may supply the mathematical basis for analysis of mine ventilation. A mathematical model of dimensional non-steady airflow in mine network under mechanical disturbance is presented; also the calculation method model is given.
The paper simply introduces intelligence visual environment and its present research, and discusses its six key techniques: object molding with complex behavior and life characteristic, human body animation oriented to IVE, simulation of intelligence life, real-time image rending, intelligence human-machine/human-human interaction, knowledge denotation and reasoning of IVE. Also molding idea of visual environment is given out.
On the base of intelligence visual environment's system structure, the paper realizes ventilation simulation of mine by multi-agent system, and discusses the theory foundation of agent. It gives out the definition, structure and type of intelligence agent. The best way to construct agent is hybrid agent. After introducing multi-agent system, agent oriented programming and theory model of BDI, a new BICC structure of mobile agent theory is presented (i.e. intention system composed by brief, intent, capability and commitment). It defines a formal language L, model and semantic for agent's brief. Also the formal semantic of agent's capability is defined by planning tree. Combined ant arithmetic, a six-set model is established. Taking a large mine of shanxi province for instance, the variance of new simulation way is no more than 6% compared to iterative calculation.
引文
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