城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性与可靠性研究
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摘要
我国目前许多大中型城市都在加速建设城市轨道交通系统。城市轨道交通系统在城市发展和市民日常工作生活中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，因此，加强和提高整个系统的运营安全性与可靠性水平成为越来越需要关注的课题。
论文以安全科学理论和可靠性工程理论为基础，构造了城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性和运营可靠性框架。安全性框架包括安全技术体系、安全管理体系、事故应急体系以及安全性研究体系。可靠性框架包括可靠性技术体系、可靠性管理体系、维修性技术体系以及可靠性研究体系。
论文探索了综合应用初步危险分析(PHA)和Petri网理论构建城市轨道交通系统运营安全性分析模型的方法，并对站台屏蔽门建立了动态安全性分析模型；参照可靠性理论，给出了城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性指标体系；对城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性进行了初步危险分析，包括系统初步危险分析、子系统初步危险分析、子系统界面危险分析、操作与支持危险分析、安全评价项目列表；通过对整个城市轨道交通系统的初步危险分析，发现了一些潜在的危险状态和潜在的触发事件，得到了各个潜在危险状态的引起原因和导致后果，以及其发生的频率和后果的严重程度。
论文构建了城市轨道交通系统初步的可靠性功能框图，构建了以“列车在线路上无法正常运行”为顶事件的故障树模型；根据城市轨道交通系统的运营特点，结合层次Petri网和面向对象Petri网的原理，提出了一种面向对象的层次有色随机Petri网模型(HOPN)，并采用该模型构建了城市轨道交通系统的运营可靠性动态分析模型；根据可靠性理论，提出了城市轨道交通系统的运营可靠性指标体系和既有线运营可靠性计算方法，并给出了计算实例；对城市轨道交通系统进行了故障模式、影响及危害性分析(FMECA)，包括车辆、通号、供电、线路、车站等5个子系统的定性和定量分析，得出了城市轨道交通系统的运营危害性矩阵；通过对整个城市轨道交通系统的故障模式、影响及危害性分析，发现了一些潜在的故障模式，得到了其产生的原因、局部影响、对上层的影响及对整个系统运营的影响，以及每种故障模式所产生后果的严重程度、故障发生频率、对系统影响的概率及危害度。
Today, a lot of medium-sized and large cities in China are accelerating the construction of urban mass transit (UMT). The UMT is playing an increasingly important role in urban development and the urban residents' daily work and life; therefore, to strengthen and promote its operational safety and reliability has become a subject of great concern.
Based on the safety science theory and reliability engineering theory, the frameworks of operational safety and operational reliability are proposed. The safety framework includes safety technology system, safety management system, emergency disposal system and safety study system. The reliability framework includes reliable technology system, reliability maintainability system, maintenance technology system and reliability study system.
Attempts have been made in this paper to find ways of constructing safety analysis model for UMT operational safety on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) and Petri net theory. A dynamic safety analysis model for the platform screen doors was established. Based on the Reliability Theory, an index system of UMT operational safety was constructed. A preliminary hazard analysis was made on the UMT operational safety including System Hazard Analysis (SHA), Sub-System Hazard Analysis (SSHA), Interface Hazard Analysis (IHA), Operating and Support Hazard Analysis, (O&SHA), and Safety Critical Item List (SCIL). Based on the preliminary hazards analysis that covers the whole UMT, some potential dangerous situations and trigger events have been exposed and the causes and possible consequences as well as the occurrence frequency and gravity of the consequences have been analyzed and evaluated.
Efforts have been made in this paper to establish a preliminary framework of UMT reliability function and a fault tree model based on a hypothesis that a subway often breaks down. Based on the operational characters of UMT and the principles of Hierarchical Petri net and Object-oriented Petri net, a Hierarchical Object-oriented Colored stochastic Petri Net (HOPN) is proposed and used to establish a dynamic analysis model for UMT operational reliability. An index system of UMT operational reliability and a sampled way of appraising the operational reliability of the existing transit are proposed. failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) is made on
论文以安全科学理论和可靠性工程理论为基础，构造了城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性和运营可靠性框架。安全性框架包括安全技术体系、安全管理体系、事故应急体系以及安全性研究体系。可靠性框架包括可靠性技术体系、可靠性管理体系、维修性技术体系以及可靠性研究体系。
论文探索了综合应用初步危险分析(PHA)和Petri网理论构建城市轨道交通系统运营安全性分析模型的方法，并对站台屏蔽门建立了动态安全性分析模型；参照可靠性理论，给出了城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性指标体系；对城市轨道交通系统的运营安全性进行了初步危险分析，包括系统初步危险分析、子系统初步危险分析、子系统界面危险分析、操作与支持危险分析、安全评价项目列表；通过对整个城市轨道交通系统的初步危险分析，发现了一些潜在的危险状态和潜在的触发事件，得到了各个潜在危险状态的引起原因和导致后果，以及其发生的频率和后果的严重程度。
论文构建了城市轨道交通系统初步的可靠性功能框图，构建了以“列车在线路上无法正常运行”为顶事件的故障树模型；根据城市轨道交通系统的运营特点，结合层次Petri网和面向对象Petri网的原理，提出了一种面向对象的层次有色随机Petri网模型(HOPN)，并采用该模型构建了城市轨道交通系统的运营可靠性动态分析模型；根据可靠性理论，提出了城市轨道交通系统的运营可靠性指标体系和既有线运营可靠性计算方法，并给出了计算实例；对城市轨道交通系统进行了故障模式、影响及危害性分析(FMECA)，包括车辆、通号、供电、线路、车站等5个子系统的定性和定量分析，得出了城市轨道交通系统的运营危害性矩阵；通过对整个城市轨道交通系统的故障模式、影响及危害性分析，发现了一些潜在的故障模式，得到了其产生的原因、局部影响、对上层的影响及对整个系统运营的影响，以及每种故障模式所产生后果的严重程度、故障发生频率、对系统影响的概率及危害度。
Today, a lot of medium-sized and large cities in China are accelerating the construction of urban mass transit (UMT). The UMT is playing an increasingly important role in urban development and the urban residents' daily work and life; therefore, to strengthen and promote its operational safety and reliability has become a subject of great concern.
Based on the safety science theory and reliability engineering theory, the frameworks of operational safety and operational reliability are proposed. The safety framework includes safety technology system, safety management system, emergency disposal system and safety study system. The reliability framework includes reliable technology system, reliability maintainability system, maintenance technology system and reliability study system.
Attempts have been made in this paper to find ways of constructing safety analysis model for UMT operational safety on the basis of Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) and Petri net theory. A dynamic safety analysis model for the platform screen doors was established. Based on the Reliability Theory, an index system of UMT operational safety was constructed. A preliminary hazard analysis was made on the UMT operational safety including System Hazard Analysis (SHA), Sub-System Hazard Analysis (SSHA), Interface Hazard Analysis (IHA), Operating and Support Hazard Analysis, (O&SHA), and Safety Critical Item List (SCIL). Based on the preliminary hazards analysis that covers the whole UMT, some potential dangerous situations and trigger events have been exposed and the causes and possible consequences as well as the occurrence frequency and gravity of the consequences have been analyzed and evaluated.
Efforts have been made in this paper to establish a preliminary framework of UMT reliability function and a fault tree model based on a hypothesis that a subway often breaks down. Based on the operational characters of UMT and the principles of Hierarchical Petri net and Object-oriented Petri net, a Hierarchical Object-oriented Colored stochastic Petri Net (HOPN) is proposed and used to establish a dynamic analysis model for UMT operational reliability. An index system of UMT operational reliability and a sampled way of appraising the operational reliability of the existing transit are proposed. failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) is made on
引文
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