圆锥小麦地方品种遗传多样性研究
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摘要
本文对来源于四川、陕西、甘肃和河南等地的圆锥小麦地方品种农艺性状和品质性状进行了考察，利用EST-SSR标记分析了其群体遗传多样性，检验了低分子量麦谷蛋白基因Glu-A2和Glu-B3位点在群体中的遗传变异，并对部分α—醇溶蛋白基因进行了克隆测序分析。主要研究结果如下：
1．对94份圆锥小麦地方品种农艺性状考察与分析的结果表明，供试材料总体植株偏高，分蘖力强，成穗率适中，以长穗型为主，中等小穗密度，小穗数和穗粒数较多，千粒重较低和生育期长。在株高、分蘖数、有效穗数、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数等性状上材料间存在极显著差异。多小穗数和多穗粒数是圆锥小麦最突出的优良性状，而株高、千粒重和生育期则为突出的不利性状。相关分析表明，植株较高与多小穗关联密切，而千粒重更多受生育期的影响。不同来源材料间比较揭示了地方品种对当地生念环境的适应而导致了差异性。主成分分析发现6个主成分可提供全部信息量的91.02％，其中以小穗因子的贡献率最高(31.75％)。
2．对84份圆锥小麦地方品种品质性状检测与分析的结果表明，供试材料中蛋白质含量存在较大变异，方差分析表明基因型和年份间均显著影响蛋白质含量。同时蛋白质含景与千粒重呈显著负相关。甘肃、四川和河南等各区域内的材料间差异显著，陕西区内材料差异不显著，而各区域间材料差异不显著。基于蛋白质含量表现可将供试材料区聚为6类，其聚类分析结果并不能区分材料来源。供试材料面团流变学特性表现为吸水率较高，形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间较短，公差指数表现一般，其中形成时间和稳定时间均值分别为3.05min和3.86min。同时千粒重和蛋
The agronomic and quality characters of Triticum turgidum ssp. turgidum landraces from China, including Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, and Henan provinces were investigated. The population genetic diversity based on EST-SSR markers was estimated, and the genetic variances on Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci of low molecular weight glutenin genes in landraces population were analyzed. Moreover, some α-gliadin gene sequences were obtained. These results might be useful to understand the genetic structure and diversity of turgidum landraces. The results were described as following:
1. The agronomic traits of 94 turgidum landraces collected from Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Henan and other provinces, were investigated based on analysis of variance, correlation, principal component. Higher variations of the eight agronomic traits were observed. The higher plant height, more spikelets and kernels per spike, lower 1000-grains weight and longer growing period were found in turgidum landraces. The correlation indicated high plant height could be lead to more spikelets, and 1000-grains weight was most affected by growing periods. The results suggested that the environment was important for the agronomic performance of landraces. Based on the principle elements analysis, six principle elements were obtained, which contributes variance over 91%, especially the spikelet type (31.75%).
1．对94份圆锥小麦地方品种农艺性状考察与分析的结果表明，供试材料总体植株偏高，分蘖力强，成穗率适中，以长穗型为主，中等小穗密度，小穗数和穗粒数较多，千粒重较低和生育期长。在株高、分蘖数、有效穗数、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数等性状上材料间存在极显著差异。多小穗数和多穗粒数是圆锥小麦最突出的优良性状，而株高、千粒重和生育期则为突出的不利性状。相关分析表明，植株较高与多小穗关联密切，而千粒重更多受生育期的影响。不同来源材料间比较揭示了地方品种对当地生念环境的适应而导致了差异性。主成分分析发现6个主成分可提供全部信息量的91.02％，其中以小穗因子的贡献率最高(31.75％)。
2．对84份圆锥小麦地方品种品质性状检测与分析的结果表明，供试材料中蛋白质含量存在较大变异，方差分析表明基因型和年份间均显著影响蛋白质含量。同时蛋白质含景与千粒重呈显著负相关。甘肃、四川和河南等各区域内的材料间差异显著，陕西区内材料差异不显著，而各区域间材料差异不显著。基于蛋白质含量表现可将供试材料区聚为6类，其聚类分析结果并不能区分材料来源。供试材料面团流变学特性表现为吸水率较高，形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间较短，公差指数表现一般，其中形成时间和稳定时间均值分别为3.05min和3.86min。同时千粒重和蛋
The agronomic and quality characters of Triticum turgidum ssp. turgidum landraces from China, including Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, and Henan provinces were investigated. The population genetic diversity based on EST-SSR markers was estimated, and the genetic variances on Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci of low molecular weight glutenin genes in landraces population were analyzed. Moreover, some α-gliadin gene sequences were obtained. These results might be useful to understand the genetic structure and diversity of turgidum landraces. The results were described as following:
1. The agronomic traits of 94 turgidum landraces collected from Sichuan, Shanxi, Gansu, Henan and other provinces, were investigated based on analysis of variance, correlation, principal component. Higher variations of the eight agronomic traits were observed. The higher plant height, more spikelets and kernels per spike, lower 1000-grains weight and longer growing period were found in turgidum landraces. The correlation indicated high plant height could be lead to more spikelets, and 1000-grains weight was most affected by growing periods. The results suggested that the environment was important for the agronomic performance of landraces. Based on the principle elements analysis, six principle elements were obtained, which contributes variance over 91%, especially the spikelet type (31.75%).
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