可降解有机物湿解处理及产物干燥利用的研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的迅速发展,城市生活废物和农林废物产生量逐年增加,其中可降解有机组分约占废物总量的一半以上,其处理对整个废物的处理起着举足轻重的作用,受到了社会各界和政府的高度关注。湿解技术可以快速的将可降解有机废物处理为土壤改良剂或有机肥料,是新型环境友好的处理技术。本文从以下几个方面对其做了深入研究:
1、在湿解条件下,从可降解有机物主要化学组分可能发生的主要化学反应入手,结合生物质大分子水热降解的相关理论,进一步探索了可降解有机物的湿解机理,详细阐述了腐殖质的形成途径。引入能够综合反应操作温度和停留时间的反应强度参数,利用有机废物在不同反应强度参数下的物质变化及腐殖质的形成,进一步分析验证了湿解机理。
2、为了研究无机酸对湿解反应的影响,本文首次开展了加超低浓度稀硫酸对湿解反应影响的研究。深入分析了加酸催化对湿解固体产物和液体产物的影响。建立了以反应强度参数为函数的湿解动力学模型,并对此模型进行了实验验证,为湿解机理提供了更强的理论依据。
3、为了给湿解产物安全农用提供合理的理论依据,本文以自然土壤作为参照,与相同条件下培养的堆肥相对比,结合了评价堆肥稳定度和腐熟度的各项指标,对湿解产物的稳定性进行了研究:
(1)、将湿解产物和堆肥分别同土壤按相同比例均匀混合后放在培养瓶中培养,研究了其在培养过程中的物质变化及对种子发芽系数的影响。
(2)、将湿解产物和堆肥分别同土壤按不同比例均匀混合放在土壤中培养,研究了其在土壤中的稳定性及对种子发芽系数的影响。
(3)、将不同工况下的不同湿解产物和土壤按相同比例混合后放在土壤中培养,研究了其在培养过程中的物质变化。
4、为了便于使用、储存和运输,湿解产物的干燥是必要的,但干燥是高能耗的操作工艺。结合过热蒸汽干燥高效、节能的优点,及湿解对热量和水蒸汽的需求,本文构建了将湿解与过热蒸汽干燥工艺联合的系统,并对其做了能量分析和(火用)分析。为了验证该系统的节能效果,还与热风干燥系统进行了比较。
With the development of society and economy, the producing amount of the MSW (municipal solid waste), agriculture and forest wastes gradually increases. The amount of the degradable organic components among the wastes accounts for over half of the whole amount of wastes, whose disposal affects the disposal of the whole wastes. Furthermore, the treatment of the organic parts of the wastes catches the social and governmental attention. The hydrothermal degradation provides an interesting alternative for the disposal of degradable organic wastes in wastes owing to the whole process being environment-friendly. It utilizes saturated steam of a given pressure to treat degradable organic wastes in wastes as soil conditioners, amendments of high quality. This produces void of toxic products with greatly reduced mass. Therefore, this thesis studied on it extensively and deeply.1. Under the condition of hydrothermal degradation treatment, according to the main chemical components of the degradable organic matters, the fundamentals of the hydrothermal degradation processing was made clear combined with the related theory of the hydrothermal degradation of biomass. And the path of the humic formation was interpreted during hydrothermal degradation treatment. A severity parameter, which combines time and temperature, was introduced. Under different severities, the changes of matter and the formation of humus during hydrothermal processing of organic wastes further checked the fundamentals of the hydrothermal processing.2. In order to study the effect of inorganic acid on the hydrothermal reaction, this thesis carried out the research that added sulfuric acid of the ultra-low concentration during hydrothermal degradation. The effects of sulfuric acid on solid and liquid products were deeply analyzed. The kinetic models based on pseudo-fist order kinetics as a function of severity parameter were successfully employed, which
supplied strong theoretical basis for hydrothermal processing.3. To supply reasonable theoretical basis for safety agriculture application of treated-products, the experimental facility was designed. The stability of the products was studied under the natural soil as reference:(1) The mixture of hydrothermal-treated products and compost separately mixed with soil in the same ratio was put into the culture flask. The changes of substances and the germination during incubating were measured.(2) Three different ratios of hydrothermal-treatment products and soil, compost and soil (1:3, 1:5, 1:10, wet weight) were incubated for 63 days in soil to determine hydrothermal-treatment products substance changes and maturity.(3) The different hydrothermal-treatment products were mixed with soil in the ratio of 1:3 (wet weight). Their substance changes during incubating were measured.4. The drying of hydrothermal-treatment products is necessary to be convenient for using, storage and conveying. But the drying is a costly energy intensive processing, the superheated steam (SHS) drying instead of air-drying is potentially more energy efficient. Combined the advantage of the SHS drying with the thermal energy and steam requirement of hydrothermal processing, this thesis presented a novel combination system which combined hydrothermal processing and SHS drying processing. The energy and exergy balances of the system were analyzed. Compared with air-drying, the system reduces the drying energy consumption.5. The hydrothermal degradation technology provides an interesting alternative for the disposal of degradable organic wastes in organic wastes owing to the whole process being environment-friendly. To meet the demand of large scale industrialization, the experimental equipment of the continuous operation of hydrothermal treatments was designed, and the problem of the feed sealing was solved, which supply a platform for the following research of hydrothermal treatment.
1、在湿解条件下,从可降解有机物主要化学组分可能发生的主要化学反应入手,结合生物质大分子水热降解的相关理论,进一步探索了可降解有机物的湿解机理,详细阐述了腐殖质的形成途径。引入能够综合反应操作温度和停留时间的反应强度参数,利用有机废物在不同反应强度参数下的物质变化及腐殖质的形成,进一步分析验证了湿解机理。
2、为了研究无机酸对湿解反应的影响,本文首次开展了加超低浓度稀硫酸对湿解反应影响的研究。深入分析了加酸催化对湿解固体产物和液体产物的影响。建立了以反应强度参数为函数的湿解动力学模型,并对此模型进行了实验验证,为湿解机理提供了更强的理论依据。
3、为了给湿解产物安全农用提供合理的理论依据,本文以自然土壤作为参照,与相同条件下培养的堆肥相对比,结合了评价堆肥稳定度和腐熟度的各项指标,对湿解产物的稳定性进行了研究:
(1)、将湿解产物和堆肥分别同土壤按相同比例均匀混合后放在培养瓶中培养,研究了其在培养过程中的物质变化及对种子发芽系数的影响。
(2)、将湿解产物和堆肥分别同土壤按不同比例均匀混合放在土壤中培养,研究了其在土壤中的稳定性及对种子发芽系数的影响。
(3)、将不同工况下的不同湿解产物和土壤按相同比例混合后放在土壤中培养,研究了其在培养过程中的物质变化。
4、为了便于使用、储存和运输,湿解产物的干燥是必要的,但干燥是高能耗的操作工艺。结合过热蒸汽干燥高效、节能的优点,及湿解对热量和水蒸汽的需求,本文构建了将湿解与过热蒸汽干燥工艺联合的系统,并对其做了能量分析和(火用)分析。为了验证该系统的节能效果,还与热风干燥系统进行了比较。
With the development of society and economy, the producing amount of the MSW (municipal solid waste), agriculture and forest wastes gradually increases. The amount of the degradable organic components among the wastes accounts for over half of the whole amount of wastes, whose disposal affects the disposal of the whole wastes. Furthermore, the treatment of the organic parts of the wastes catches the social and governmental attention. The hydrothermal degradation provides an interesting alternative for the disposal of degradable organic wastes in wastes owing to the whole process being environment-friendly. It utilizes saturated steam of a given pressure to treat degradable organic wastes in wastes as soil conditioners, amendments of high quality. This produces void of toxic products with greatly reduced mass. Therefore, this thesis studied on it extensively and deeply.1. Under the condition of hydrothermal degradation treatment, according to the main chemical components of the degradable organic matters, the fundamentals of the hydrothermal degradation processing was made clear combined with the related theory of the hydrothermal degradation of biomass. And the path of the humic formation was interpreted during hydrothermal degradation treatment. A severity parameter, which combines time and temperature, was introduced. Under different severities, the changes of matter and the formation of humus during hydrothermal processing of organic wastes further checked the fundamentals of the hydrothermal processing.2. In order to study the effect of inorganic acid on the hydrothermal reaction, this thesis carried out the research that added sulfuric acid of the ultra-low concentration during hydrothermal degradation. The effects of sulfuric acid on solid and liquid products were deeply analyzed. The kinetic models based on pseudo-fist order kinetics as a function of severity parameter were successfully employed, which
supplied strong theoretical basis for hydrothermal processing.3. To supply reasonable theoretical basis for safety agriculture application of treated-products, the experimental facility was designed. The stability of the products was studied under the natural soil as reference:(1) The mixture of hydrothermal-treated products and compost separately mixed with soil in the same ratio was put into the culture flask. The changes of substances and the germination during incubating were measured.(2) Three different ratios of hydrothermal-treatment products and soil, compost and soil (1:3, 1:5, 1:10, wet weight) were incubated for 63 days in soil to determine hydrothermal-treatment products substance changes and maturity.(3) The different hydrothermal-treatment products were mixed with soil in the ratio of 1:3 (wet weight). Their substance changes during incubating were measured.4. The drying of hydrothermal-treatment products is necessary to be convenient for using, storage and conveying. But the drying is a costly energy intensive processing, the superheated steam (SHS) drying instead of air-drying is potentially more energy efficient. Combined the advantage of the SHS drying with the thermal energy and steam requirement of hydrothermal processing, this thesis presented a novel combination system which combined hydrothermal processing and SHS drying processing. The energy and exergy balances of the system were analyzed. Compared with air-drying, the system reduces the drying energy consumption.5. The hydrothermal degradation technology provides an interesting alternative for the disposal of degradable organic wastes in organic wastes owing to the whole process being environment-friendly. To meet the demand of large scale industrialization, the experimental equipment of the continuous operation of hydrothermal treatments was designed, and the problem of the feed sealing was solved, which supply a platform for the following research of hydrothermal treatment.
引文
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