矩形平面索穹顶结构的理论分析与试验研究
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摘要
索穹顶结构除少数几根杆件受压外,其余杆件都处于张力状态,所以充分发挥了钢索的高强特性,且索穹顶结构一般以膜材作为覆盖材料,具有自重轻、跨度大及建筑造型自由丰富等特点。故这种结构同时集新材料、新技术、新工艺和高效率于一体,被认为是代表当今国际空间结构发展最高水平的结构形式。目前国际上有实际工程应用的索穹顶结构有Geiger型和Levy型两种,但现有对Geiger型索穹顶结构的研究都集中于圆形平面的结构形式上,关于矩形平面的索穹顶结构并未见有文献描述。本文对矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构的可行预应力分布、机构位移求解、施工张拉成形方法、结构的静动力性能、索杆膜的协同分析及其结构模型试验等内容进行了系统的研究。
本文第一章在查阅大量国内外相关文献的基础上,简单回顾了索穹顶结构的发展历史、工程应用及研究现状,并确定了本文的主要研究内容。
第二章推导了基于悬链线解析解的索单元变形协调方程式,并编制了相应计算程序对索穹顶结构精确的预应力分布进行求解,结构分析时压杆采用两节点直线杆单元,索采用悬链线索单元;考虑到索穹顶结构属于动不定结构体系,文中还对动不定体系的求解过程进行了详细的推导,同时采用建立在大变形基础上的变形协调方程来求解结构体系的有限机构位移。
考虑矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构对称性和预应力分布的可行性之后,矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构通常只有一个自应力模态,对于一个自应力模态的结构体系,可以建立其预应力分布的简捷显式计算公式,本文第三章推导了矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构预应力分布的计算公式。
索穹顶结构的施工方法研究一直是该类结构体系研究的重点和难点之一,本文第四章对圆形平面和矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构的多种施工张拉方法进行了详细探讨和研究,并对索穹顶结构的施工过程进行跟踪和模拟,从而提出了一次张拉索穹顶结构外圈斜索、环索或其它杆件的施工成形方法。
第五章对矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构索杆部分在满跨荷载、半跨荷载作用下的受力进行了分析研究,考察了结构预应力改变对结构受力性能的影响,并将其静力特性与圆形平面轴对称Geiger型索穹顶结构进行对比分析,最后对索穹顶结构的动力特性进行了简单计算。
第六章对矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构进行了索杆膜协同分析,并提出了索穹顶结构索杆膜找形的逐次逼近法;其次在找形后的平衡态施加荷载,考虑索杆膜结构体系在满跨、半跨荷载作用下的力学性能。
第七章设计并加工了一矩形平面(4.7m×3.4m)Geiger型索穹顶结构,并对该模型进行了试验研究,研究内容包括预应力的施加、多种荷载工况的加载试验、自振频率的测试及多种施工成形方案的验证等。
论文最后对本文研究内容及成果进行总结,并指出了今后的研究方向。
Cable dome is a structure composed of struts in compression and cables in tension, which exerts the cables' high strength property. Besides, it takes membrane as covering material and has merits such as light weight, large span and free shape of structure. So it is integrated with new material, new technology, new craftwork and high efficiency and then it is considered as the highest-level structure in the world now. Today the existing two styles of cable domes are Geiger style and Levy style. But all the Geiger style cable domes focus on the circular structures, while few literatures about rectangular cable domes have been reported. In this thesis, systematic study of rectangular cable domes is carried out, which includes the distribution of prestress, solution of structure mechanic displacement, construction method, static and dynamic property of the structure, cooperative studies on cable-strut-membrane, and experiments of the structure model.Firstly, based on reading many specialty literatures, the history of development and several projects as well as current research on cable dome are introduced. Then the major research contents of this thesis are presented.The deformation compatible equation based on the catenary cable element is derived in chapter 2, and corresponding program is made to solve the accurate distribution of the prestress for cable dome. During the solving, two-nodes bar elements and catenary elements are adopted for the struts and cables of structure respectively. As the cable dome is a kinematically indeterminate system, its solving process is also derived in detail and the equations, which are based on large distortion, are adopted to solve the problem.After considering the structure symmetry and the feasibility of prestress, a rectangular Geiger dome usually has one self-stress mode. For a structure system, which has one self-stress mode, simple calculation method for initial prestress distribution can be presented. The calculation equations of prestress distribution of rectangular Geiger dome are derived in chapter 3.Construction method is one of the key and difficult problems for cable domes all the time. In chapter 4, several construction methods for circular and rectangular cable domes are discussed and studied in detail. And the construction processes of the cable dome are traced and simulated. Then the construction methods for only pulling the outset circle diagonal cables, the outset circle hoop cables and other members are proposed.In chapter 5, firstly, the force bearing calculation of cable-strut of rectangular cable domes under full-span load and half-span load is made. Secondly, the effect of structure prestress change on the performance of force bearing is analyzed. Then the static property of the rectangular cable domes is compared with that of the circular Geiger cable domes. Finally, dynamic property of the cable domes is investigated.In chapter 6, the cooperative analysis on cable-strut-membrane structures of rectangular cable dome is made. And the cooperative form-finding of cable-strut-membrane structures of the cable dome is studied. The load is applied on the equilibrium model after form-finding, and then the mechanics property of the cable-strut-membrane system under full-span load and half-span load is considered.
A rectangular cable dome model with the size of 4.7m><3.4m is designed and fabricated. Then experiments on the model are made, including the prestress applying, loading experiments of several conditions, measuring of the natural frequencies and validating of several construction schemes.Finally, all the achievements accomplished are summarized and some problems for future study are proposed.
本文第一章在查阅大量国内外相关文献的基础上,简单回顾了索穹顶结构的发展历史、工程应用及研究现状,并确定了本文的主要研究内容。
第二章推导了基于悬链线解析解的索单元变形协调方程式,并编制了相应计算程序对索穹顶结构精确的预应力分布进行求解,结构分析时压杆采用两节点直线杆单元,索采用悬链线索单元;考虑到索穹顶结构属于动不定结构体系,文中还对动不定体系的求解过程进行了详细的推导,同时采用建立在大变形基础上的变形协调方程来求解结构体系的有限机构位移。
考虑矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构对称性和预应力分布的可行性之后,矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构通常只有一个自应力模态,对于一个自应力模态的结构体系,可以建立其预应力分布的简捷显式计算公式,本文第三章推导了矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构预应力分布的计算公式。
索穹顶结构的施工方法研究一直是该类结构体系研究的重点和难点之一,本文第四章对圆形平面和矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构的多种施工张拉方法进行了详细探讨和研究,并对索穹顶结构的施工过程进行跟踪和模拟,从而提出了一次张拉索穹顶结构外圈斜索、环索或其它杆件的施工成形方法。
第五章对矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构索杆部分在满跨荷载、半跨荷载作用下的受力进行了分析研究,考察了结构预应力改变对结构受力性能的影响,并将其静力特性与圆形平面轴对称Geiger型索穹顶结构进行对比分析,最后对索穹顶结构的动力特性进行了简单计算。
第六章对矩形平面Geiger型索穹顶结构进行了索杆膜协同分析,并提出了索穹顶结构索杆膜找形的逐次逼近法;其次在找形后的平衡态施加荷载,考虑索杆膜结构体系在满跨、半跨荷载作用下的力学性能。
第七章设计并加工了一矩形平面(4.7m×3.4m)Geiger型索穹顶结构,并对该模型进行了试验研究,研究内容包括预应力的施加、多种荷载工况的加载试验、自振频率的测试及多种施工成形方案的验证等。
论文最后对本文研究内容及成果进行总结,并指出了今后的研究方向。
Cable dome is a structure composed of struts in compression and cables in tension, which exerts the cables' high strength property. Besides, it takes membrane as covering material and has merits such as light weight, large span and free shape of structure. So it is integrated with new material, new technology, new craftwork and high efficiency and then it is considered as the highest-level structure in the world now. Today the existing two styles of cable domes are Geiger style and Levy style. But all the Geiger style cable domes focus on the circular structures, while few literatures about rectangular cable domes have been reported. In this thesis, systematic study of rectangular cable domes is carried out, which includes the distribution of prestress, solution of structure mechanic displacement, construction method, static and dynamic property of the structure, cooperative studies on cable-strut-membrane, and experiments of the structure model.Firstly, based on reading many specialty literatures, the history of development and several projects as well as current research on cable dome are introduced. Then the major research contents of this thesis are presented.The deformation compatible equation based on the catenary cable element is derived in chapter 2, and corresponding program is made to solve the accurate distribution of the prestress for cable dome. During the solving, two-nodes bar elements and catenary elements are adopted for the struts and cables of structure respectively. As the cable dome is a kinematically indeterminate system, its solving process is also derived in detail and the equations, which are based on large distortion, are adopted to solve the problem.After considering the structure symmetry and the feasibility of prestress, a rectangular Geiger dome usually has one self-stress mode. For a structure system, which has one self-stress mode, simple calculation method for initial prestress distribution can be presented. The calculation equations of prestress distribution of rectangular Geiger dome are derived in chapter 3.Construction method is one of the key and difficult problems for cable domes all the time. In chapter 4, several construction methods for circular and rectangular cable domes are discussed and studied in detail. And the construction processes of the cable dome are traced and simulated. Then the construction methods for only pulling the outset circle diagonal cables, the outset circle hoop cables and other members are proposed.In chapter 5, firstly, the force bearing calculation of cable-strut of rectangular cable domes under full-span load and half-span load is made. Secondly, the effect of structure prestress change on the performance of force bearing is analyzed. Then the static property of the rectangular cable domes is compared with that of the circular Geiger cable domes. Finally, dynamic property of the cable domes is investigated.In chapter 6, the cooperative analysis on cable-strut-membrane structures of rectangular cable dome is made. And the cooperative form-finding of cable-strut-membrane structures of the cable dome is studied. The load is applied on the equilibrium model after form-finding, and then the mechanics property of the cable-strut-membrane system under full-span load and half-span load is considered.
A rectangular cable dome model with the size of 4.7m><3.4m is designed and fabricated. Then experiments on the model are made, including the prestress applying, loading experiments of several conditions, measuring of the natural frequencies and validating of several construction schemes.Finally, all the achievements accomplished are summarized and some problems for future study are proposed.
引文
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