川东北长兴组—飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层研究
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摘要
中石化宣汉-达县和通南巴两探区位于四川盆地东北部,目前中石化南方公司在宣汉达县探区长兴组-飞仙关组已发现大型海相整装气田即普光气田,其储集空间为碳酸盐岩储层,这表明有必要深入认识这两个探区的储层形成机理及其分布,为今后拓展勘探场面和取得更大勘探突破打下基础。
本论文围绕控制碳酸盐岩储层的沉积和成岩作用、储层孔渗关系、储层含气性以及储层地震预测展开研究,完成了如下任务并取得了相应的认识:
在野外露头层序调查及其覆盖区钻井和地震资料分析基础上,将川东北二叠系-三叠系共划分出6个二级层序和21个三级层序和相应的生储盖组合,建立了川东北地区北西-南东、北东-南西方向两条层序地层格架并查清了格架内生储盖分布。通过在层序格架内碳酸盐台地发育、沉积格局和储层沉积相带的研究和系统编图,得出通南巴和宣汉-达县两探区重点勘探层位长兴组和飞仙关组沉积背景分别为碳酸盐缓坡和台地,两者之间为一台间槽的沉积格局,礁储层主要分布在台地或缓坡与台间槽的过渡带,滩相储层主要分布在礁坪、台地边缘、开阔台地和内缓坡。
根据薄片、同位素和包裹体等资料建立了长兴组礁和飞仙关组鲕滩储层成岩事件(如泥晶化、胶结、压实压溶、白云石化、溶解作用、烃类侵位和裂缝)序列和储集空间演化模式,并根据包裹体和同位素资料建立了白云石化成岩环境和白云石化模式,同时还阐明硫酸盐热化学还原反应对储层溶蚀的机理。
根据岩石原始水饱和度和薄片孔隙度数据、岩芯、岩屑和常规测井资料,建立了渗透率计算模型,并用它计算了普光2井鲕滩气层段的渗透率,由于该模型建立了渗透率变化和沉积旋回之间的联系,从而能在高精度层序格架内定量预测渗透率变化,为开发层段的优选提供了依据。
在建立白云岩晶间孔、粒间孔、溶模孔以及裂缝的胶结指数m和孔隙度φ关系的基础上,根据不同孔隙类型的m、地层电阻因素F_R和孔隙度φ数据,计算了川东北普光2片储层段的含气饱和度,为基于探井含气饱和度的储量计算提供了基础数据。
根据已知含气层段的地震属性响应如振幅强弱变化和速度反演技术,结合储层沉积相和成岩作用,预测了宣汉-达县地区和普光气田各类储层的厚度和分布;对通南巴构造带,在其东北部确定了滩和礁体的分布范围,在其西南部巴中地区,根据二维地震相识别出了飞仙组滩相前积复合体,为区内探井部署提供了重要参考。
The Xuanhan-Daxian and the Tongnanba prospect areas lie in the northeastern Sichuan basin in China .The largest marine gas reservoir of Puguang the Changxing and Feixianguan formations in the former area that was thought to be a forbidden exploration region because of the reservoir's great depth and deepwater facies, has been found by Southern Company of Sinopec Corp.,demonstrating that it is necessary to further study the facies belts and diagenesis of reservoirs in the two formations.The depositional settings of Late Permian Changxing Formation and the Early Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Tongnanba and Xuanhan-Daxianare carbonate ramp and platform respectively, and there is a depression between the settings. The reservoirs in the two formations are mainly dolomitized reef and oolite. The following tasks have been accomplished in this paper:Based on the sequence investigation of outcrop and the boring and seismic data in the overlying regions, the 6 2~(nd)-order sequences and 21 3~(rd)-order sequences and corresponding plays in the sequences have been determined, and a northwest to southeast sequence framework and a northeast to southeast one and the distribution of plays have been established;on the basis of thin sections, isotopes, and inclusion data, the sequence of diagenesis events such as micritization, cementation, compaction and pressure solution, dolomitization, resolution, hydrocarbon implacement, and fissure have been established and porosity evolution models have been set up, the resolution by TSR and organic acid from infilled hydrocarbon have been analyzed, and the resolution times and their relation with porosity have been defined;According to water saturation of rock and the porosity in thin section combined with core, debris, and routine well logging data, the generalized permeability prediction model for quantitative calculation of the permeability of reservoir in the high-resolution isochronic sequence framework has been established, and by use of the model the permeability of the reservoir interval in well Puguang 2 has been quantitatively calculated;the gas saturation of carbonate reservoir in well Puguang 2 has been calculated by use of the formation resistivity factor Fr, porosity, and cementation index m of various types of the porosity;finally the thickness, distribution, and grades of the reservoir in the two formations in the two areas have been determined by the integrated uses of synthetic seismogram corrected by the known reservoir intervals, and the sedimentary facies and diagenesis of the intervals;basied on the seismic facies of 2-D profiles in the southwestern Tongnanba area, the progradational complex of shoal in Feixianguan Formation has been recognized.
本论文围绕控制碳酸盐岩储层的沉积和成岩作用、储层孔渗关系、储层含气性以及储层地震预测展开研究,完成了如下任务并取得了相应的认识:
在野外露头层序调查及其覆盖区钻井和地震资料分析基础上,将川东北二叠系-三叠系共划分出6个二级层序和21个三级层序和相应的生储盖组合,建立了川东北地区北西-南东、北东-南西方向两条层序地层格架并查清了格架内生储盖分布。通过在层序格架内碳酸盐台地发育、沉积格局和储层沉积相带的研究和系统编图,得出通南巴和宣汉-达县两探区重点勘探层位长兴组和飞仙关组沉积背景分别为碳酸盐缓坡和台地,两者之间为一台间槽的沉积格局,礁储层主要分布在台地或缓坡与台间槽的过渡带,滩相储层主要分布在礁坪、台地边缘、开阔台地和内缓坡。
根据薄片、同位素和包裹体等资料建立了长兴组礁和飞仙关组鲕滩储层成岩事件(如泥晶化、胶结、压实压溶、白云石化、溶解作用、烃类侵位和裂缝)序列和储集空间演化模式,并根据包裹体和同位素资料建立了白云石化成岩环境和白云石化模式,同时还阐明硫酸盐热化学还原反应对储层溶蚀的机理。
根据岩石原始水饱和度和薄片孔隙度数据、岩芯、岩屑和常规测井资料,建立了渗透率计算模型,并用它计算了普光2井鲕滩气层段的渗透率,由于该模型建立了渗透率变化和沉积旋回之间的联系,从而能在高精度层序格架内定量预测渗透率变化,为开发层段的优选提供了依据。
在建立白云岩晶间孔、粒间孔、溶模孔以及裂缝的胶结指数m和孔隙度φ关系的基础上,根据不同孔隙类型的m、地层电阻因素F_R和孔隙度φ数据,计算了川东北普光2片储层段的含气饱和度,为基于探井含气饱和度的储量计算提供了基础数据。
根据已知含气层段的地震属性响应如振幅强弱变化和速度反演技术,结合储层沉积相和成岩作用,预测了宣汉-达县地区和普光气田各类储层的厚度和分布;对通南巴构造带,在其东北部确定了滩和礁体的分布范围,在其西南部巴中地区,根据二维地震相识别出了飞仙组滩相前积复合体,为区内探井部署提供了重要参考。
The Xuanhan-Daxian and the Tongnanba prospect areas lie in the northeastern Sichuan basin in China .The largest marine gas reservoir of Puguang the Changxing and Feixianguan formations in the former area that was thought to be a forbidden exploration region because of the reservoir's great depth and deepwater facies, has been found by Southern Company of Sinopec Corp.,demonstrating that it is necessary to further study the facies belts and diagenesis of reservoirs in the two formations.The depositional settings of Late Permian Changxing Formation and the Early Triassic Feixianguan Formation in Tongnanba and Xuanhan-Daxianare carbonate ramp and platform respectively, and there is a depression between the settings. The reservoirs in the two formations are mainly dolomitized reef and oolite. The following tasks have been accomplished in this paper:Based on the sequence investigation of outcrop and the boring and seismic data in the overlying regions, the 6 2~(nd)-order sequences and 21 3~(rd)-order sequences and corresponding plays in the sequences have been determined, and a northwest to southeast sequence framework and a northeast to southeast one and the distribution of plays have been established;on the basis of thin sections, isotopes, and inclusion data, the sequence of diagenesis events such as micritization, cementation, compaction and pressure solution, dolomitization, resolution, hydrocarbon implacement, and fissure have been established and porosity evolution models have been set up, the resolution by TSR and organic acid from infilled hydrocarbon have been analyzed, and the resolution times and their relation with porosity have been defined;According to water saturation of rock and the porosity in thin section combined with core, debris, and routine well logging data, the generalized permeability prediction model for quantitative calculation of the permeability of reservoir in the high-resolution isochronic sequence framework has been established, and by use of the model the permeability of the reservoir interval in well Puguang 2 has been quantitatively calculated;the gas saturation of carbonate reservoir in well Puguang 2 has been calculated by use of the formation resistivity factor Fr, porosity, and cementation index m of various types of the porosity;finally the thickness, distribution, and grades of the reservoir in the two formations in the two areas have been determined by the integrated uses of synthetic seismogram corrected by the known reservoir intervals, and the sedimentary facies and diagenesis of the intervals;basied on the seismic facies of 2-D profiles in the southwestern Tongnanba area, the progradational complex of shoal in Feixianguan Formation has been recognized.
引文
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