松辽盆地下白垩统层序地层及沉积体系研究
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摘要
本文通过采用地震、测井、录井、地球化学、古生物等分析手段,对松辽盆
地下白垩统进行了层序地层及沉积体系研究,将松辽盆地下白垩统地层划分为两
个二级层序、八个三级层序,其中泉头组至青山口组为二级层序SSⅠ,姚家组至
嫩江组为二级层序SSⅡ,在二级层序边部的三级层序为三分层序,而在其内部的
三级层序往往为二分层序。在对层序发育的控制因素的研究中,主要采用了精确
到段一级的构造沉降分析、地球化学分析、古生物分析、物源供应曲线、Fischer
图解等方法和手段,发现构造运动仍是拗陷型盆地层序发育的主要控制因素,但
在构造沉降强烈的时期,层序发育为湖侵域,而构造运动微弱的时期则发育为低
位域。而气候因素和海平面升降的因素也较为重要,再加上物源供给的制约,它
们共同对拗陷型盆地的层序发育产生控制作用。根据对松辽盆地拗陷期层序地层
特征与成因分析的结果,总结出拗陷型盆地的具有成因意义的四种层序模式:构
造运动主导型、海平面升降控制型、气候控制型和物源影响型。
同时在层序地层学的基础上进行了沉积模式和沉积体系的研究。建立了冲积
扇、扇三角洲、湖泊和风暴沉积相模式,其中风暴沉积的发现在本区为首次,具
有重要的理论意义和油气预测价值。以层序地层为时间单元,研究了沉积体系和
砂体的时空分布,并对有利目标进行了地震预测。
This paper studies the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system of the lower Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin. Data of seismic, logging, geochemistry and paleontology were used to identify sequence boundaries, correlate stratigraphy and the sedimentary system. Two 2nd-order sequences and eight 3rd-order sequences can be divided from the deposition during the stage of depression of Songliao Basin. The first 2nd-order sequence is from Quantou Formation to Qingshankou Formation, and the second is from Yaojia Formation to Nenjiang Formation. The 3rd-order sequences near the boundary of 2nd-order sequences are often triple-fold sequences and those inside of 2nd-order sequences are binary sequences. In the study of the factors which control the development of sequences, tectonic subsidence analysis with precision up to members, geochemistry and paleontology analysis, sediment supplying curve and Fischer diagram are used. It can be found that the tectonic uplift and subsidence is the main controlling factor. The sequence develops as transgressive systems tract in the stage of strong tectonic subsidence. When the movement becomes weak, it develops lowstand systems tract. The climatic variation and sea-level change are also important factors. Adding with sediment supply, these factors jointly control the development of sequences of a depression basin. Then, four sequence patterns of genetic significance are summarized for a depression basin. They are tectonic subsidence dominative type, sea-level change controlled type, climatic variation controlled type and sediment supply affected type.In addition, depositional models and sedimentary systems within sequence stratigraphic frameworks have been studied. And facies models for alluvial fan, fan delta, delta, lake and storm have been set up. Especially the discovery of storm deposits is significant both in theory and in hydrocarbon reservoir prediction. And favorable sandbodies have been predicted with seismics.
地下白垩统进行了层序地层及沉积体系研究,将松辽盆地下白垩统地层划分为两
个二级层序、八个三级层序,其中泉头组至青山口组为二级层序SSⅠ,姚家组至
嫩江组为二级层序SSⅡ,在二级层序边部的三级层序为三分层序,而在其内部的
三级层序往往为二分层序。在对层序发育的控制因素的研究中,主要采用了精确
到段一级的构造沉降分析、地球化学分析、古生物分析、物源供应曲线、Fischer
图解等方法和手段,发现构造运动仍是拗陷型盆地层序发育的主要控制因素,但
在构造沉降强烈的时期,层序发育为湖侵域,而构造运动微弱的时期则发育为低
位域。而气候因素和海平面升降的因素也较为重要,再加上物源供给的制约,它
们共同对拗陷型盆地的层序发育产生控制作用。根据对松辽盆地拗陷期层序地层
特征与成因分析的结果,总结出拗陷型盆地的具有成因意义的四种层序模式:构
造运动主导型、海平面升降控制型、气候控制型和物源影响型。
同时在层序地层学的基础上进行了沉积模式和沉积体系的研究。建立了冲积
扇、扇三角洲、湖泊和风暴沉积相模式,其中风暴沉积的发现在本区为首次,具
有重要的理论意义和油气预测价值。以层序地层为时间单元,研究了沉积体系和
砂体的时空分布,并对有利目标进行了地震预测。
This paper studies the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary system of the lower Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin. Data of seismic, logging, geochemistry and paleontology were used to identify sequence boundaries, correlate stratigraphy and the sedimentary system. Two 2nd-order sequences and eight 3rd-order sequences can be divided from the deposition during the stage of depression of Songliao Basin. The first 2nd-order sequence is from Quantou Formation to Qingshankou Formation, and the second is from Yaojia Formation to Nenjiang Formation. The 3rd-order sequences near the boundary of 2nd-order sequences are often triple-fold sequences and those inside of 2nd-order sequences are binary sequences. In the study of the factors which control the development of sequences, tectonic subsidence analysis with precision up to members, geochemistry and paleontology analysis, sediment supplying curve and Fischer diagram are used. It can be found that the tectonic uplift and subsidence is the main controlling factor. The sequence develops as transgressive systems tract in the stage of strong tectonic subsidence. When the movement becomes weak, it develops lowstand systems tract. The climatic variation and sea-level change are also important factors. Adding with sediment supply, these factors jointly control the development of sequences of a depression basin. Then, four sequence patterns of genetic significance are summarized for a depression basin. They are tectonic subsidence dominative type, sea-level change controlled type, climatic variation controlled type and sediment supply affected type.In addition, depositional models and sedimentary systems within sequence stratigraphic frameworks have been studied. And facies models for alluvial fan, fan delta, delta, lake and storm have been set up. Especially the discovery of storm deposits is significant both in theory and in hydrocarbon reservoir prediction. And favorable sandbodies have been predicted with seismics.
引文
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