鄂北地区储层地球物理联合反演技术
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摘要
本文研究了以地球物理资料为主而进行地球物理联合反演的技术及方法,重点论述了地球物理反演的基础方法研究、地震保幅技术、弹性参数反演方法和叠后反演技术。论文以中国第二大沉积盆地--鄂尔多斯盆地的地震勘探难题为研究对象,发展了地震反演的方法技术与应用领域。鄂尔多斯盆地是我国天然气储量最多的地区和我国西气东输的最强有力生产基地, 具有储层波阻抗差异小而盖层夹强反射煤层等不利于地震勘探的特点。针对这些难题开展地震处理新方法技术的研究,必将促进地震勘探方法技术的进步,并提高油气勘探的经济效益。
论文的创新是主要体现在以下几个方面:
1. 在波阻抗不能有效的区分储层及围岩的困难情况下,建立了本地区岩性、物性、含气性及弹性参数的关系式,并明确指出,泊松比是判别含气的有效参数,孔隙中的流体类型控制泊松比。测井与地震相关表明储层波阻抗与孔隙度有很好的相关性,与渗透率和含气饱和度有较好的相关性,而与泥质含量相关性较差。这一结论说明可通过地震反演(尤其是联合反演)预测储层孔隙度和含气性。
2. 针对本区盖层夹强反射煤层使深层透射能量大为减弱的困难,本文首次研究应用了透射补偿技术并结合叠前时间偏移成像技术,进一步提高了深层地震波场保真处理水平。为本区深储层岩性分析(叠前地震波场属性研究)打下了可靠的基础。
3. 在该区首次研究了弹性阻抗及P 波与S 波联合反演技术,开发建立了针对储层特征的P 波阻抗、S 波阻抗等反映岩性和流体性质的弹性参数,取得了良好的应用效果。
4. 针对该区砂岩储层致密与波阻抗差异小等特点,集成并改进了系列地震处理新方法技术,如储层特征曲线重构技术,地质统计理论及模拟退火理论、井约束的地震属性提取分析技术等,不仅使地震处理纵向分辨率由原来的20 米提高至10 米左右,使得该区地震反演的置大大提高,并为钻孔所验证。
本文以地质、地震、测井三个学科相互渗透为手段,紧紧抓住测井资料的归一化、岩石物理特征分析、地震叠前、叠后反演技术三个技术关键。以模型的正、反演分析方法和解剖关键井、典型剖面入手,由点到面地、深入地研究地震波的形成机理和各种识别模式,逐点深入,讲究实效。形成了一整套适合该地区的方法技术系列
通过研究,确立了以寻找河道砂体为主要目标的储层岩性预测及含气性预测的研究方法。上述的方法技术已应用于大牛地气田的大16 井区三维储层综合预测研究中。所提交的井位建议,均被生产单位采纳,其中DK13 井无阻流量达59 万方,创本区最高纪录。
The paper studied primarily the technology and the method on the geophysical joint inversion by the geophysics data,Elaborated the geophysical inversion foundation method research, the seismic after with emphasis has guaranteed a technical, the elastic parameter inversion method and folds the inversion technology. The paper take the China second sedimentary basin –Erdos basin seismic exploration difficult problem as the research object,Has developed the seismic inversion method technology and the application domain. Erdos basin is our country gas reserves most areas and our country transport the natural gas from the west to the east most powerful production base, Has the reservoir wave impedance difference to be small but the cap rock to clamp the strong reflection coal bed and so on not to favor the seismic exploration the characteristic. Launches the seismic in view of these difficult problems to process the new method there search,Will certainly to promote the seismic exploration method progress,And enhances the oil gas exploration the economic efficiency. The paper innovation is mainly manifests in following several aspects:
1. In the wave impedance cannot the effective discrimination reservoir and in the adjacent formation difficult situation,Established this local lithological character, the nature, contained the disposition and the elastic parameter relationship,And explicitly pointed out,The poisson's ratio is the effective parameter which the distinction contains was mad,In hole fluid type control poisson's ratio. The oil well logging and the seismic correlation indicated the reservoir wave impedance and the porosity have the very good relevance,And contains with the penetration coefficient was mad the degree of saturation has the good relevance,But misses with the shale content relevance. This conclusion showed may (joint inversion through the seismic inversion to forecast in particular) the reservoir porosity and contains the disposition.
2. Clamps the strong reflection coal bed in view of the home court caprock to cause the in-depth transmission energy greatly for the difficulty which weakens,This article studied for the first time applies the transmission to compensate the technology and the union folds sometime ago between displaces the image formation technology,Further enhanced the in-depth seismic wave field to nurture the divine or pristine element within oneself the processing level.(Folded foreland for the home court deep reservoir lithological character analysis to shake wave field attribute research) to build the reliable foundation.
3. Has studied the elastic impedance and the P wave and the S wave joint inversion
论文的创新是主要体现在以下几个方面:
1. 在波阻抗不能有效的区分储层及围岩的困难情况下,建立了本地区岩性、物性、含气性及弹性参数的关系式,并明确指出,泊松比是判别含气的有效参数,孔隙中的流体类型控制泊松比。测井与地震相关表明储层波阻抗与孔隙度有很好的相关性,与渗透率和含气饱和度有较好的相关性,而与泥质含量相关性较差。这一结论说明可通过地震反演(尤其是联合反演)预测储层孔隙度和含气性。
2. 针对本区盖层夹强反射煤层使深层透射能量大为减弱的困难,本文首次研究应用了透射补偿技术并结合叠前时间偏移成像技术,进一步提高了深层地震波场保真处理水平。为本区深储层岩性分析(叠前地震波场属性研究)打下了可靠的基础。
3. 在该区首次研究了弹性阻抗及P 波与S 波联合反演技术,开发建立了针对储层特征的P 波阻抗、S 波阻抗等反映岩性和流体性质的弹性参数,取得了良好的应用效果。
4. 针对该区砂岩储层致密与波阻抗差异小等特点,集成并改进了系列地震处理新方法技术,如储层特征曲线重构技术,地质统计理论及模拟退火理论、井约束的地震属性提取分析技术等,不仅使地震处理纵向分辨率由原来的20 米提高至10 米左右,使得该区地震反演的置大大提高,并为钻孔所验证。
本文以地质、地震、测井三个学科相互渗透为手段,紧紧抓住测井资料的归一化、岩石物理特征分析、地震叠前、叠后反演技术三个技术关键。以模型的正、反演分析方法和解剖关键井、典型剖面入手,由点到面地、深入地研究地震波的形成机理和各种识别模式,逐点深入,讲究实效。形成了一整套适合该地区的方法技术系列
通过研究,确立了以寻找河道砂体为主要目标的储层岩性预测及含气性预测的研究方法。上述的方法技术已应用于大牛地气田的大16 井区三维储层综合预测研究中。所提交的井位建议,均被生产单位采纳,其中DK13 井无阻流量达59 万方,创本区最高纪录。
The paper studied primarily the technology and the method on the geophysical joint inversion by the geophysics data,Elaborated the geophysical inversion foundation method research, the seismic after with emphasis has guaranteed a technical, the elastic parameter inversion method and folds the inversion technology. The paper take the China second sedimentary basin –Erdos basin seismic exploration difficult problem as the research object,Has developed the seismic inversion method technology and the application domain. Erdos basin is our country gas reserves most areas and our country transport the natural gas from the west to the east most powerful production base, Has the reservoir wave impedance difference to be small but the cap rock to clamp the strong reflection coal bed and so on not to favor the seismic exploration the characteristic. Launches the seismic in view of these difficult problems to process the new method there search,Will certainly to promote the seismic exploration method progress,And enhances the oil gas exploration the economic efficiency. The paper innovation is mainly manifests in following several aspects:
1. In the wave impedance cannot the effective discrimination reservoir and in the adjacent formation difficult situation,Established this local lithological character, the nature, contained the disposition and the elastic parameter relationship,And explicitly pointed out,The poisson's ratio is the effective parameter which the distinction contains was mad,In hole fluid type control poisson's ratio. The oil well logging and the seismic correlation indicated the reservoir wave impedance and the porosity have the very good relevance,And contains with the penetration coefficient was mad the degree of saturation has the good relevance,But misses with the shale content relevance. This conclusion showed may (joint inversion through the seismic inversion to forecast in particular) the reservoir porosity and contains the disposition.
2. Clamps the strong reflection coal bed in view of the home court caprock to cause the in-depth transmission energy greatly for the difficulty which weakens,This article studied for the first time applies the transmission to compensate the technology and the union folds sometime ago between displaces the image formation technology,Further enhanced the in-depth seismic wave field to nurture the divine or pristine element within oneself the processing level.(Folded foreland for the home court deep reservoir lithological character analysis to shake wave field attribute research) to build the reliable foundation.
3. Has studied the elastic impedance and the P wave and the S wave joint inversion
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