鲁西平邑地区浅成低温热液金矿床成矿流体及成矿作用
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摘要
鲁西平邑地区碲金型矿床位于华北地台东南缘,包括隐爆角砾岩型归来庄金矿床和碳酸盐岩层状微细浸染型磨坊沟金矿床。归来庄金矿床产于铜石岩体的隐爆角砾岩及奥陶纪白云岩中,矿石中金属矿物以黄铁矿为主,金矿物主要有自然金、银金矿和碲金矿。磨坊沟金矿矿体呈似层状产于早寒武世朱砂洞组白云岩化灰岩、微细晶灰岩及白云岩中,矿层一般厚3～10 m。矿石中的金矿物主要有自然金、碲金银矿和银金矿三种,两矿床围岩蚀变类型包括硅化、黄铁矿化、萤石化和碳酸盐化。
矿区出露的与成矿有关的岩浆岩为铜石岩体,其岩性主要由中-细粒闪长(玢)岩、含辉石(角闪)二长斑岩两套岩石组成。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄测定结果表明:铜石岩体闪长质岩石中获得的一组206Pb/238U 加权平均值为(175.7±3.8)Ma 的年龄,代表了岩体的结晶年龄。根据铜石岩体的成岩年龄推断成矿年龄,鲁西平邑地区的金矿大约形成于170～160Ma之间,发生于中国东部200～160 Ma 大规模成矿事件的末期。
包裹体的研究表明:包裹体形态多样,有椭圆形、菱形、正方形、矩形、梯形、三角形和各种不规则形状;大小变化较大,在3μm～40μm之间;从相态看,有单一液相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和富气相包裹体3 种类型;气液比变化较大,从5%～90%均有发育,但以5%～10%的气液比常见;均一温度在103℃～260℃之间,冰点变化于-2.5℃～-13.5℃之间,对应的盐度在4.65wt%～17.26wt%之间。
矿床的δ34S 值介于-0.71～2.99‰之间,指示硫来源于地幔或岩浆;δ13CPDB 值在-7.3‰～0.0‰之间,δD 在-48‰～-70‰之间,对应的δ18O水值在-4.3‰～8.3‰之间。同位素研究表明成矿流体起源于地幔,在浅部有较多的大气降水混入。流体的减压沸腾在矿床的形成过程中起重要作用。
磨坊沟金矿产在前寒武纪花岗绿岩体与寒武系间拆离滑脱带附近,矿层顶板发育的NW向层间次级拆离滑脱带中断坪和断坡构成了矿体的容矿空间。归来庄金矿则受控于近东西向的反向铲状断层。磨坊沟金矿和归来庄金矿床的空间分布、矿物共生组合和硫、氢、氧稳定同位素特征均显示了相同的特点。鲁西平邑地区的金矿是在相同的伸展构造体制下不同的构造部位形成的浅成低温热液矿床。
Located tectonically on the southeastern margin of the North China craton, telluride Au deposits in the Pingyi area, western Shandong, mainly comprise the cryptoexplosive breccia type Guilaizhuang gold deposit and stratified, finely disseminated type Mofanggou gold deposit in carbonate rocks. The Guilaizhuang gold orebodies, hosted in Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite, are controlled by EW-trending fault. Inside the fault zone, orebody No. I is largest, contributing 98% of the total ore reserves of the Guilaizhuang gold deposit. It has a controlled length of 550 m long, a thickness of 3.3–10.1m (mean 6.8 m) and a dip width of >650 m. Drilling has revealed that the ore vein pinches and swells and branches and converges. The gold grade ranges from 3.42 to 26.37 g/t, with a mean of 6.8 g/t and a maximum of 457.4 g/t. The Guilaizhuang gold orebodies are lithologically composed of cryptoexplosive breccia, which comprised diorite (porphyry) and monzosyenite porphyry from Tongshi complex and minor clasts of Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite. Gold minerals mainly include native gold, electrum and calaverite.
The Lifanggou and Mofanggou gold deposits occur as bed-like bodies in dolomitic limestone, micrite and dolostone in the Early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation. The orebodies are about 20–30m from the unconformity between Cambrian carbonate rocks and Neoarchean biotite leptite or Paleoproterozoic monzogranite. The Lifanggou ore bed is generally 3–10 m in thickness and controlled by NW-trending secondary detachment faults, whereas Mofanggou gold bed dipping 325°–350°at 8–20°in the Early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation.is ca. 280 m long and 1.0–8.0 m thick. The Lifanggou gold grade ranges from 2.19 to 7.24 g/t, with a mean of 4.9g/t, and Mofanggou gold grade from 1.09 to 25.21 g/t, with a mean of 11.54g/t. Wall-rock alteration comprises pyritization, fluoritization, silicification, carbonatization and chloritization.
The Tongshi complex related to mineralization in the ore districts consists predominantly of medium-to fine-grained diorite (porphyry) and pyroxene (hornblende)-bearing monzonite porphyry. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic rocks of the Tongshi magmatic complex give a 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 175.7±3.8 Ma, interpreted as representing the crystallization age of the Tongshi magmatic complex. The Guilaizhuang, and Mofanggou gold deposits are telluride gold deposits related to alkaline rocks. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the age of the gold deposits was Middle Jurassic.
Nearly 300 fluid inclusions were examined in 18 samples from the Lifanggou, Mofanggou and Guilaizhuang gold mines. Abundant fluid inclusions were observed in quartz, calcite and fluorite. They are dominated by primary ones with minor pseudosecondary ones.
矿区出露的与成矿有关的岩浆岩为铜石岩体,其岩性主要由中-细粒闪长(玢)岩、含辉石(角闪)二长斑岩两套岩石组成。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb 年龄测定结果表明:铜石岩体闪长质岩石中获得的一组206Pb/238U 加权平均值为(175.7±3.8)Ma 的年龄,代表了岩体的结晶年龄。根据铜石岩体的成岩年龄推断成矿年龄,鲁西平邑地区的金矿大约形成于170～160Ma之间,发生于中国东部200～160 Ma 大规模成矿事件的末期。
包裹体的研究表明:包裹体形态多样,有椭圆形、菱形、正方形、矩形、梯形、三角形和各种不规则形状;大小变化较大,在3μm～40μm之间;从相态看,有单一液相包裹体、气液两相包裹体和富气相包裹体3 种类型;气液比变化较大,从5%～90%均有发育,但以5%～10%的气液比常见;均一温度在103℃～260℃之间,冰点变化于-2.5℃～-13.5℃之间,对应的盐度在4.65wt%～17.26wt%之间。
矿床的δ34S 值介于-0.71～2.99‰之间,指示硫来源于地幔或岩浆;δ13CPDB 值在-7.3‰～0.0‰之间,δD 在-48‰～-70‰之间,对应的δ18O水值在-4.3‰～8.3‰之间。同位素研究表明成矿流体起源于地幔,在浅部有较多的大气降水混入。流体的减压沸腾在矿床的形成过程中起重要作用。
磨坊沟金矿产在前寒武纪花岗绿岩体与寒武系间拆离滑脱带附近,矿层顶板发育的NW向层间次级拆离滑脱带中断坪和断坡构成了矿体的容矿空间。归来庄金矿则受控于近东西向的反向铲状断层。磨坊沟金矿和归来庄金矿床的空间分布、矿物共生组合和硫、氢、氧稳定同位素特征均显示了相同的特点。鲁西平邑地区的金矿是在相同的伸展构造体制下不同的构造部位形成的浅成低温热液矿床。
Located tectonically on the southeastern margin of the North China craton, telluride Au deposits in the Pingyi area, western Shandong, mainly comprise the cryptoexplosive breccia type Guilaizhuang gold deposit and stratified, finely disseminated type Mofanggou gold deposit in carbonate rocks. The Guilaizhuang gold orebodies, hosted in Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite, are controlled by EW-trending fault. Inside the fault zone, orebody No. I is largest, contributing 98% of the total ore reserves of the Guilaizhuang gold deposit. It has a controlled length of 550 m long, a thickness of 3.3–10.1m (mean 6.8 m) and a dip width of >650 m. Drilling has revealed that the ore vein pinches and swells and branches and converges. The gold grade ranges from 3.42 to 26.37 g/t, with a mean of 6.8 g/t and a maximum of 457.4 g/t. The Guilaizhuang gold orebodies are lithologically composed of cryptoexplosive breccia, which comprised diorite (porphyry) and monzosyenite porphyry from Tongshi complex and minor clasts of Cambrian-Ordovician dolomite. Gold minerals mainly include native gold, electrum and calaverite.
The Lifanggou and Mofanggou gold deposits occur as bed-like bodies in dolomitic limestone, micrite and dolostone in the Early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation. The orebodies are about 20–30m from the unconformity between Cambrian carbonate rocks and Neoarchean biotite leptite or Paleoproterozoic monzogranite. The Lifanggou ore bed is generally 3–10 m in thickness and controlled by NW-trending secondary detachment faults, whereas Mofanggou gold bed dipping 325°–350°at 8–20°in the Early Cambrian Zhushadong Formation.is ca. 280 m long and 1.0–8.0 m thick. The Lifanggou gold grade ranges from 2.19 to 7.24 g/t, with a mean of 4.9g/t, and Mofanggou gold grade from 1.09 to 25.21 g/t, with a mean of 11.54g/t. Wall-rock alteration comprises pyritization, fluoritization, silicification, carbonatization and chloritization.
The Tongshi complex related to mineralization in the ore districts consists predominantly of medium-to fine-grained diorite (porphyry) and pyroxene (hornblende)-bearing monzonite porphyry. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic rocks of the Tongshi magmatic complex give a 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 175.7±3.8 Ma, interpreted as representing the crystallization age of the Tongshi magmatic complex. The Guilaizhuang, and Mofanggou gold deposits are telluride gold deposits related to alkaline rocks. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the age of the gold deposits was Middle Jurassic.
Nearly 300 fluid inclusions were examined in 18 samples from the Lifanggou, Mofanggou and Guilaizhuang gold mines. Abundant fluid inclusions were observed in quartz, calcite and fluorite. They are dominated by primary ones with minor pseudosecondary ones.
引文
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