高光谱短波红外技术在矿区矿物填图中的应用研究
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摘要
矿物填图(Mineral Mapping)是在高光谱遥感基础上发展起来的一种光谱填图技术。目前,已经实用的是短波红外区(Short Wavelength Infrared)。高光谱矿物填图是一全新概念,其目的是确定某一或某些矿物在地表上的分布及其相对含量变化。矿物填图的基本单位是单个矿物。高光谱短波红外技术在矿物填图的应用研究尽管在国外有一些成功经验,但在国内应用高光谱短波红外技术对矿区进行地面的系统测试和研究工作目前尚无先例。本论文选择的三个铜矿区:新疆土屋铜矿、西藏驱龙铜矿和云南普朗铜矿,都是目前我国地质大调查项目正在勘探并具有代表意义的典型矿区;为此,选择“高光谱短波红外技术在矿区矿物填图的应用研究”作为博士论文题目,取得的主要应用研究成果如下:
1.从提出地表指示矿物这一概念出发,分别总结出土屋铜矿和普朗铜矿在地表和钻孔的指示矿物:根据蚀变矿物的空间分布特点,总结了相应的指示矿物在探槽(地表)和钻孔(剖面)中具有对于矿化和矿体有指示意义的蚀变矿物组合。
1) 土屋铜矿:(1)地表指示矿物为白云母、铁镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、硬石膏、镁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a.高岭石+多水高岭石+白云母;b.铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+白云母;c.蒙脱石+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+白云母;d.蒙脱石+伊利石+镁绿泥石;e.伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石。(2)钻孔指示矿物:伊利石、镁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、白云母、蒙脱石、铁绿泥石、多水高岭石、硬石膏、多硅白云母、方解石。蚀变矿物组合为:a.白云母+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石;b.伊利石+硬石膏+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石;c.蒙脱石+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+伊利石;d.伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石;e.白云母+伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石。
2) 普朗铜矿:(1)地表的指示矿物为硬石膏、伊利石、镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、铁镁绿泥石、角闪石、铁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a 伊利石+硬石膏+镁绿泥石;b 伊利石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石;c 硬石膏+铁镁绿泥石+镁绿泥石。(2)钻孔的指示矿物为伊利石、镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、硬石膏、蒙脱石、黑云母、角闪石、铁镁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a 伊利石+硬石膏+多水高岭石+黑云母;b 伊利石+镁绿泥石+蒙脱石+角闪石;c 伊利石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石+角闪石;d 硬石膏+镁绿泥石+黑云母+角闪石;e 伊利石+镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石。
2.研究了矿物的空间分带性和蚀变矿物与矿化之间的相互关系,得出了一些与斑岩铜矿有关不同的矿物的新的认识。(1)绿泥石具有空间分带性:由矿体的中心从里到外依次为铁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、镁绿泥石;它们的分布和强度与铜矿化的品位有一定的相关性。(2)多硅白云母、白云母和伊利石的空间关系为:从里到外依次为多硅白云母、白云母和伊利石。(3)具有指示品位和矿体位置的首选矿物为硬石膏,其含量与铜的品位正相关。(4)近矿指示意义的矿物:白云母、铁绿泥石、多水高岭石和伊利石。
3.总结了一套完整的应用短波红外技术进行矿区矿物填图的工作方法和技术流程。具体包括:样品采集和样品测量、数据质量评价、数据处理与解释、矿物识别图件的编制和综合分析研究。
Mineral Mapping is a technique based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, and now is practicality on the Short Wavelength Infrared. Hyperspectral Mineral Mapping is a new concept, and it is used to characterize one or some hydrothermal minerals and their relative content on the ground. The essential unit of mapping is a single mineral. Although there some successful experiments on mineral mapping using the short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy in Canada, Australia and America, there is no work in China before the Development Center of China Geological Survey introduce the Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA) into from the Integrated Spectronics Pry Ltd of Australia. The study areas of the dissertation are three copper prespects: Tuwu in Xinjiang, Qulong in Tibet and Pulang in Yunnan, China. These are the important and model deposits of the Geological Survey Project, therefor, the "Applications Study of SWIR Mineral Mapping At the Tuwu, Qulong and Pulang Copper Prospects, China" was selected as the title of dissertation. After 3 years work, the results as follow:1. From a new concept "indication mineral", that is mean recognized by the SWIR reflectance spectroscopy, and it can indicate the Cu mineralization and Cu ore body. Based the distributing of all minerals from a lot of mineral map, and compare other geological information such geological maps, the "Mineral Assembled" are obtain on the trench and drills.1) Tuwu copper prospect:(1) Indication minerals in Trench: muscovite, Fe-Mg chlorite, halloysite, montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, anhydrite, Mg-clorite; Mineral Assembled: a. kaoiinite+halloysite+muscovite;b. Fe-Mg chlorite+halloysite+ muscovite; c. montmorillonite+ Fe-Mg chlorite+halloysite+ muscovite; d. montmorillonite+ Mg chlorite+illite; e. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite;(2) Indication minerals in Drills: illite, Mg-clorite, Fe-Mg chlorite, muscovite, montmorillonite, Fe-chlorite, halloysite, anhydrite, phengite, calcite;Mineral Assembled: a. Fe-Mg chlorite+hailoysite+ muscovite;b. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite+ halloysite; c. montmoriUonite+ Mg chlorite+illite+ halloysite; d. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite; e. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite+muscovite;2) Pulang copper prospect:(1) Indication minerals in Trench: anhydrite, illite, Mg chlorite, halloysite, Fe-Mg chlorite, Fe-chlorite, hornblende; Mineral Assembled: a. illite+gypsum+ Mg chlorite; b. illite+ halloysite+ montmorillonite;c. anhydrite+ Mg chlorite+Fe-Mg chlorite;(2) Indication minerals in Drills: illite, Mg-clorite, halloysite, anhydrite, montmorillonite, biotite, hornblende, Fe-Mg chlorite;Mineral Assembled: a. illite+ anhydrite +halloysite+biotite; b. illite+Mg chlorite+ montmorillonite +homblend;c. hornblend+ montmorillonite +illite+ halloysite; d. Mg chlorite+biotie+anhydrite+homblende; e. Mg chlorite+illite+ montmorillonite + halloysite;2. study the relation of mineral distributing and mineralization, and obtain some new point view of the copper this kinds deposit: (1) chlorite in turn as Fe-chlorite, Fe-Mg chlorite to Mg chlorite from the inside to the outside of ore body;(2) from the inside to outside in turn: phengite, muscovite, illite;(3) Anhydrite is the first indicate mineral, and relative to the Cu content of rocks.(4) muscovite, Fe-chlorite and halloysite and illite are the indicate minerals near the Cu ore body.3. sum up the working way of using SEIR on mineral mapping , including sample collecting, sample testing, date processing and explain, etc.
1.从提出地表指示矿物这一概念出发,分别总结出土屋铜矿和普朗铜矿在地表和钻孔的指示矿物:根据蚀变矿物的空间分布特点,总结了相应的指示矿物在探槽(地表)和钻孔(剖面)中具有对于矿化和矿体有指示意义的蚀变矿物组合。
1) 土屋铜矿:(1)地表指示矿物为白云母、铁镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、硬石膏、镁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a.高岭石+多水高岭石+白云母;b.铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+白云母;c.蒙脱石+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+白云母;d.蒙脱石+伊利石+镁绿泥石;e.伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石。(2)钻孔指示矿物:伊利石、镁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、白云母、蒙脱石、铁绿泥石、多水高岭石、硬石膏、多硅白云母、方解石。蚀变矿物组合为:a.白云母+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石;b.伊利石+硬石膏+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石;c.蒙脱石+铁镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+伊利石;d.伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石;e.白云母+伊利石+镁绿泥石+铁镁绿泥石。
2) 普朗铜矿:(1)地表的指示矿物为硬石膏、伊利石、镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、铁镁绿泥石、角闪石、铁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a 伊利石+硬石膏+镁绿泥石;b 伊利石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石;c 硬石膏+铁镁绿泥石+镁绿泥石。(2)钻孔的指示矿物为伊利石、镁绿泥石、多水高岭石、硬石膏、蒙脱石、黑云母、角闪石、铁镁绿泥石;蚀变矿物组合为:a 伊利石+硬石膏+多水高岭石+黑云母;b 伊利石+镁绿泥石+蒙脱石+角闪石;c 伊利石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石+角闪石;d 硬石膏+镁绿泥石+黑云母+角闪石;e 伊利石+镁绿泥石+多水高岭石+蒙脱石。
2.研究了矿物的空间分带性和蚀变矿物与矿化之间的相互关系,得出了一些与斑岩铜矿有关不同的矿物的新的认识。(1)绿泥石具有空间分带性:由矿体的中心从里到外依次为铁绿泥石、铁镁绿泥石、镁绿泥石;它们的分布和强度与铜矿化的品位有一定的相关性。(2)多硅白云母、白云母和伊利石的空间关系为:从里到外依次为多硅白云母、白云母和伊利石。(3)具有指示品位和矿体位置的首选矿物为硬石膏,其含量与铜的品位正相关。(4)近矿指示意义的矿物:白云母、铁绿泥石、多水高岭石和伊利石。
3.总结了一套完整的应用短波红外技术进行矿区矿物填图的工作方法和技术流程。具体包括:样品采集和样品测量、数据质量评价、数据处理与解释、矿物识别图件的编制和综合分析研究。
Mineral Mapping is a technique based on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, and now is practicality on the Short Wavelength Infrared. Hyperspectral Mineral Mapping is a new concept, and it is used to characterize one or some hydrothermal minerals and their relative content on the ground. The essential unit of mapping is a single mineral. Although there some successful experiments on mineral mapping using the short-wave infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy in Canada, Australia and America, there is no work in China before the Development Center of China Geological Survey introduce the Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA) into from the Integrated Spectronics Pry Ltd of Australia. The study areas of the dissertation are three copper prespects: Tuwu in Xinjiang, Qulong in Tibet and Pulang in Yunnan, China. These are the important and model deposits of the Geological Survey Project, therefor, the "Applications Study of SWIR Mineral Mapping At the Tuwu, Qulong and Pulang Copper Prospects, China" was selected as the title of dissertation. After 3 years work, the results as follow:1. From a new concept "indication mineral", that is mean recognized by the SWIR reflectance spectroscopy, and it can indicate the Cu mineralization and Cu ore body. Based the distributing of all minerals from a lot of mineral map, and compare other geological information such geological maps, the "Mineral Assembled" are obtain on the trench and drills.1) Tuwu copper prospect:(1) Indication minerals in Trench: muscovite, Fe-Mg chlorite, halloysite, montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, anhydrite, Mg-clorite; Mineral Assembled: a. kaoiinite+halloysite+muscovite;b. Fe-Mg chlorite+halloysite+ muscovite; c. montmorillonite+ Fe-Mg chlorite+halloysite+ muscovite; d. montmorillonite+ Mg chlorite+illite; e. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite;(2) Indication minerals in Drills: illite, Mg-clorite, Fe-Mg chlorite, muscovite, montmorillonite, Fe-chlorite, halloysite, anhydrite, phengite, calcite;Mineral Assembled: a. Fe-Mg chlorite+hailoysite+ muscovite;b. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite+ halloysite; c. montmoriUonite+ Mg chlorite+illite+ halloysite; d. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite; e. Mg chlorite+illite+Fe-Mg chlorite+muscovite;2) Pulang copper prospect:(1) Indication minerals in Trench: anhydrite, illite, Mg chlorite, halloysite, Fe-Mg chlorite, Fe-chlorite, hornblende; Mineral Assembled: a. illite+gypsum+ Mg chlorite; b. illite+ halloysite+ montmorillonite;c. anhydrite+ Mg chlorite+Fe-Mg chlorite;(2) Indication minerals in Drills: illite, Mg-clorite, halloysite, anhydrite, montmorillonite, biotite, hornblende, Fe-Mg chlorite;Mineral Assembled: a. illite+ anhydrite +halloysite+biotite; b. illite+Mg chlorite+ montmorillonite +homblend;c. hornblend+ montmorillonite +illite+ halloysite; d. Mg chlorite+biotie+anhydrite+homblende; e. Mg chlorite+illite+ montmorillonite + halloysite;2. study the relation of mineral distributing and mineralization, and obtain some new point view of the copper this kinds deposit: (1) chlorite in turn as Fe-chlorite, Fe-Mg chlorite to Mg chlorite from the inside to the outside of ore body;(2) from the inside to outside in turn: phengite, muscovite, illite;(3) Anhydrite is the first indicate mineral, and relative to the Cu content of rocks.(4) muscovite, Fe-chlorite and halloysite and illite are the indicate minerals near the Cu ore body.3. sum up the working way of using SEIR on mineral mapping , including sample collecting, sample testing, date processing and explain, etc.
引文
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