发酵生产细菌纤维素及其作为医学材料的应用研究
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摘要
从长膜的醋醅中分离出一株发酵生产细菌纤维素产量较高且稳定的醋酸菌M-(12)。根据《一般细菌常用鉴定手册》和《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》第九版，初步鉴定为醋化醋杆菌木质亚种(Acetobacter xylinum，又称木醋杆菌)。并确定其发酵培养条件：接种量为6％(v／v)；发酵温度30℃；合成细菌纤维素的pH范围是2.5-7.7；发酵周期为6d。
通过正交试验设计优化了发酵培养基的组成，优化后的发酵培养基组成为(g／L)：葡萄糖25，酵母粉7.5，蛋白胨10，磷酸氢二钠10，醋酸10，pH为5。此条件下30℃恒温静置培养6d，细菌纤维素的产量达到4.16g／L。
静止培养生产细菌纤维素的方法不适于大规模生产细菌纤维素，因而探讨了利用自行设计的气升罐进行细菌纤维素发酵。当通气量为2vvm时，细菌纤维素的产量达到2.40g／L。同时研究了细菌纤维素生产过程中分批培养阶段的操作条件，然后确定了细菌纤维素流加发酵的操作参数。细菌纤维素的产量较分批间歇发酵提高了2.44倍。
考虑到细菌纤维素以膜的形式利用时，膜的厚度是一个重要参数，进行了控制细菌纤维素膜厚度的研究，建立了相应的动力学模型。
应用代谢通量分析的方法，从代谢机理的角度分析了细菌纤维素生物合成的调节机制，建立了细菌纤维素生物合成的代谢网络模型。
在静态培养的基础上，分析了细菌纤维素膜的X-衍射图谱、渗透性能和持水性等，为细菌纤维素在医学上的应用积累了重要的基础数据。同时研究了植物纤维与细菌纤维的结合特性。
细菌纤维素的生产工艺简单，不含毒性物质，具有良好的生物适应性，很好的韧性强度和水合度，有利于皮肤组织生长和限制感染，所以探讨了细菌纤维素作为创伤和烧伤敷料及临时皮肤的可能性。细菌纤维素对深Ⅱ度烧伤大鼠皮肤治疗作用的实验研究：伤后21天治疗组较对照组愈合率提高，说明该材料在一定程度上具有促进伤口愈合的作用，但在大多数时间段细菌纤维素膜治疗组与对照组比较皮肤创伤愈合面积无明显差别。细菌纤维素对大鼠皮肤创伤促愈作用的实验表明：细菌纤维素膜治疗组与对照组比较，7d、14d、21d、28d伤口创面愈合率较对照组显著提高；组织学切片显示，细菌纤维素膜可允许成纤维细胞和
摘_要
毛细血管逐渐长入。说明细菌纤维素膜对皮肤创伤性损伤具有一定的治
疗作用。皮下埋植细菌纤维素膜的实验结果表明:细菌纤维素膜植入体
内后，未发现明显的排斥反应，早期诱发机体产生的炎症反应轻微，但
持续时间短，到后期完全消退。说明细菌纤维素膜异物反应差，有利于
血管和细胞的长入，有可能成为皮肤组织工程的材料。
Acetobacter strain M12 was isolated from membranous vinegar which showed higher and steadier BC production. According to The Common Methods of Determinative Bacterial and Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology(ninth edition), M12 was characterized Acetobacter xylinum. The optimum fermentation condition of M12 was: 6% of inoculum size , fermentation temperature 30 C, pH 2.5-7.7, culture time 6 days.
By orthogonal design of experiment, the production of BC increased by 40% with the optimized medium, which consisted of glucose 2.5%, yeast powder 0.75%, peptone 1.0%, Na2HPO4 1.0%, acetic acid 1.0%, pH 5. When cultured 6 days at constant temperature 30掳C, the yield of BC was 4.16g/L.
The method of producing BC by static cultivation is not applicable to large-scale production of BC. Thus This paper mainly discussed the condition of producing BC used a airlift reactor designed by our lab in order to accumulate data for large-production. When the ventilate volume was 2vvm, the yield of BC was2.40g/L. Meanwhile the operational conditions of batch culture stage in BC fermentation were studied. The production of BC with fed-batch fermentation increased by 2.44 times than that of the batch culture.
The average thickness (or the grammage) of the final dried pellicle is a important parameter when considering the application of BC. Thus the dynamical model of controlling the thickness of BC is established.
The detailed metabolic network of BC biosynthesis was established. The control mechanism of BC metabolism was analyzed by metabolic flux analysis.
Based on the static fermentation, this paper analyzed X-ray diffraction patterns, permeability and holding water capacity. The important data could apply to medical application. Meanwhile this paper studied the combination characters of plant cellulose and BC.
The production technique of BC is simple. Without toxic substances, BC has satisfactory organism suitability, fine ductility and holding water
capacity so BC is advantageous to skin constitution growth and can restrain infection. This paper mainly studied the possibility of BC applied to be as a temporary skin and the biological dressing in wound and burn. Firstly the treatment of BC to the skin of deep II burns rats was studied. Compared with contrasted , the healing rate of treatment rised after burn 21 days, which states the cellulose can accelerate the wound healing in some degree. But the healing area between the treatment and contrasted was not remarkably different during most of the time. Secondly the acceleration of BC to the wound healing of rats was studied. Compared with contrasted, the wound healing rate of treatment remarkably improved after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days; The histology filleting indicated that the BC could permit the fibroblast and blood capillary to gradually grow into the cellulose pellicle, which interpreted that the BC had therapeutical effect on the skin wound. At last the study of embedding BC under derm i
ndicated that there was no obvious sign of acute immune rejection, slight inflammatory response inducing the organic which lasted short time and gradually extincted till last. The experiment clared the BC had poor foreign body reaction and was advantageous to the growth of blood vessel and cell. So BC is probable to be a new material of skin tissue engineering.
通过正交试验设计优化了发酵培养基的组成，优化后的发酵培养基组成为(g／L)：葡萄糖25，酵母粉7.5，蛋白胨10，磷酸氢二钠10，醋酸10，pH为5。此条件下30℃恒温静置培养6d，细菌纤维素的产量达到4.16g／L。
静止培养生产细菌纤维素的方法不适于大规模生产细菌纤维素，因而探讨了利用自行设计的气升罐进行细菌纤维素发酵。当通气量为2vvm时，细菌纤维素的产量达到2.40g／L。同时研究了细菌纤维素生产过程中分批培养阶段的操作条件，然后确定了细菌纤维素流加发酵的操作参数。细菌纤维素的产量较分批间歇发酵提高了2.44倍。
考虑到细菌纤维素以膜的形式利用时，膜的厚度是一个重要参数，进行了控制细菌纤维素膜厚度的研究，建立了相应的动力学模型。
应用代谢通量分析的方法，从代谢机理的角度分析了细菌纤维素生物合成的调节机制，建立了细菌纤维素生物合成的代谢网络模型。
在静态培养的基础上，分析了细菌纤维素膜的X-衍射图谱、渗透性能和持水性等，为细菌纤维素在医学上的应用积累了重要的基础数据。同时研究了植物纤维与细菌纤维的结合特性。
细菌纤维素的生产工艺简单，不含毒性物质，具有良好的生物适应性，很好的韧性强度和水合度，有利于皮肤组织生长和限制感染，所以探讨了细菌纤维素作为创伤和烧伤敷料及临时皮肤的可能性。细菌纤维素对深Ⅱ度烧伤大鼠皮肤治疗作用的实验研究：伤后21天治疗组较对照组愈合率提高，说明该材料在一定程度上具有促进伤口愈合的作用，但在大多数时间段细菌纤维素膜治疗组与对照组比较皮肤创伤愈合面积无明显差别。细菌纤维素对大鼠皮肤创伤促愈作用的实验表明：细菌纤维素膜治疗组与对照组比较，7d、14d、21d、28d伤口创面愈合率较对照组显著提高；组织学切片显示，细菌纤维素膜可允许成纤维细胞和
摘_要
毛细血管逐渐长入。说明细菌纤维素膜对皮肤创伤性损伤具有一定的治
疗作用。皮下埋植细菌纤维素膜的实验结果表明:细菌纤维素膜植入体
内后，未发现明显的排斥反应，早期诱发机体产生的炎症反应轻微，但
持续时间短，到后期完全消退。说明细菌纤维素膜异物反应差，有利于
血管和细胞的长入，有可能成为皮肤组织工程的材料。
Acetobacter strain M12 was isolated from membranous vinegar which showed higher and steadier BC production. According to The Common Methods of Determinative Bacterial and Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology(ninth edition), M12 was characterized Acetobacter xylinum. The optimum fermentation condition of M12 was: 6% of inoculum size , fermentation temperature 30 C, pH 2.5-7.7, culture time 6 days.
By orthogonal design of experiment, the production of BC increased by 40% with the optimized medium, which consisted of glucose 2.5%, yeast powder 0.75%, peptone 1.0%, Na2HPO4 1.0%, acetic acid 1.0%, pH 5. When cultured 6 days at constant temperature 30掳C, the yield of BC was 4.16g/L.
The method of producing BC by static cultivation is not applicable to large-scale production of BC. Thus This paper mainly discussed the condition of producing BC used a airlift reactor designed by our lab in order to accumulate data for large-production. When the ventilate volume was 2vvm, the yield of BC was2.40g/L. Meanwhile the operational conditions of batch culture stage in BC fermentation were studied. The production of BC with fed-batch fermentation increased by 2.44 times than that of the batch culture.
The average thickness (or the grammage) of the final dried pellicle is a important parameter when considering the application of BC. Thus the dynamical model of controlling the thickness of BC is established.
The detailed metabolic network of BC biosynthesis was established. The control mechanism of BC metabolism was analyzed by metabolic flux analysis.
Based on the static fermentation, this paper analyzed X-ray diffraction patterns, permeability and holding water capacity. The important data could apply to medical application. Meanwhile this paper studied the combination characters of plant cellulose and BC.
The production technique of BC is simple. Without toxic substances, BC has satisfactory organism suitability, fine ductility and holding water
capacity so BC is advantageous to skin constitution growth and can restrain infection. This paper mainly studied the possibility of BC applied to be as a temporary skin and the biological dressing in wound and burn. Firstly the treatment of BC to the skin of deep II burns rats was studied. Compared with contrasted , the healing rate of treatment rised after burn 21 days, which states the cellulose can accelerate the wound healing in some degree. But the healing area between the treatment and contrasted was not remarkably different during most of the time. Secondly the acceleration of BC to the wound healing of rats was studied. Compared with contrasted, the wound healing rate of treatment remarkably improved after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days; The histology filleting indicated that the BC could permit the fibroblast and blood capillary to gradually grow into the cellulose pellicle, which interpreted that the BC had therapeutical effect on the skin wound. At last the study of embedding BC under derm i
ndicated that there was no obvious sign of acute immune rejection, slight inflammatory response inducing the organic which lasted short time and gradually extincted till last. The experiment clared the BC had poor foreign body reaction and was advantageous to the growth of blood vessel and cell. So BC is probable to be a new material of skin tissue engineering.
引文
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