云南巍山—永平铜金多金属矿化集中区成矿流体特征及流体地质填图研究
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摘要
云南巍山-永平铜金多金属矿化集中区位于澜沧江大断裂与金沙江大断裂、哀牢山大断裂之间的昌都-思茅中间地块中部的兰坪盆地的南段，矿化集中区内目前已发现金、铜(钴)、锑、汞、铅、锌、铁等各种金属矿床(点)140处，其中达中型规模的矿床有4个。
矿化集中区及扎村金矿、水泄铜钴矿、石岩村锑矿、笔架山锑矿等典型矿床流体包裹体的显微测温、气相成分、液相成分、稀土元素、重金属元素及δ~(13)C，δD，δ~(18)O稳定同位素的研究表明，云南巍山-永平地区铜金多金属矿化集中区存在两个成矿流体系统：紫金山背斜成矿流体系统与公郎弧成矿流体系统。这两个成矿流体系统分别对应着两个成矿带：紫金山-笔架山中低温金、锑、汞、砷成矿带与水泄-新民中高温铜、钴成矿带。
紫金山背斜成矿流体系统包裹体类型主要为富液相包裹体(Ⅰa)、富H_2O相包裹体(Ⅱa)及少量富气相包裹体(Ⅰc)；均一温度为130～280℃；盐度为0.1～18wt％NaCl。气相成分以H_2O，CO_2为主；液相成分中阴离子以Cl~-，F~-，SO_4~(2-)为主；阳离子以Na~+，K~+，Ca~(2+)为主，属NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。流体中成矿元素组合为As-Sb-Cu-Ni-U，总体上具较高的Sb，As含量；稳定同位素特征表明成矿溶液主要来自岩浆水与大气降水、沉积盆地地层水的混合。紫金山背斜成矿流体系统成矿压力大约为30～130MPa，相应的形成温度大约为228～255℃，成矿深度为1.05～6.67km。
公郎弧成矿流体系统包裹体类型主要有富液相包裹体(Ⅰa)、富H_2O相包裹体(Ⅱa)、富CO_2包裹体(Ⅱb)，和含子矿物的多相包裹体(Ⅲ)；均一温度为190～340℃与370～410℃；盐度为22～26，30～35wt％NaCl。气相成分以H_2O，CO_2为主。液相成分中阴离子以Cl~-，SO_4~(2-)为主；阳离子以Ca~(2+)，Na~+，K~+为主，属NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。流体中成矿元素组合为Cu-Co-As-Ni-Ag，总体上具较高的Cu，Co，As含量。稳定同位素特征表明成矿溶液主要来源于岩浆水，并受到大气降水及地层水的混合。公郎弧成矿流体系统成矿压力大约为100～225MPa，成矿温度为317～346℃，成矿深度约为3.51～7.89km。
在盆地两侧挤压推覆构造应力及岩浆作用热力驱动下，紫金山背斜和公郎弧两大流体系统的流体在盆地中运动，当遇到氧化还原界面或遭受流体混合、相分离及断裂导致的减压沸腾时，因物理化学条件发生重大变化而导致成矿作用的发生。
将成矿流体的特征及构造、地层、岩浆岩等成矿条件综合反映到图上便形成了流体地质图。本次研究得到的流体地质图，基本反映了本区成矿流体的性质与状态，反映了两个成矿流体系统的基本特征，圈定了两个成矿流体系统的流域范围及7个成矿流体浓集中心(紫金山、扎村、石岩村、笔架山、水泄、新民、拥翠)，这些浓集中心与已知矿化点分布、化探异常及有利的地质条件基本吻合，成为该区进一步找矿预测的重要依据之一。流体地质填图试验表明，流体地质填图不失为找矿的一种有效手段。
The Weishan-Yongping copper-gold-polymetallic mineralization district in Yunnan is tectonically located in the southern part of Lanping basin in the middle part of Changdu-Simao block between Lanchangjiang fault and Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fault. More than 140 deposits and occurrences of gold, copper (cobalt), stibium, mercury, lead, zinc, iron etc. have been found in the area studied, and there are 4 medium-sized deposits among them.
Based on the studies of microthermometry, gas composition, liquid composition, rare earth elements, ore-forming elements and 13C, D, 18O of fluid inclusions from the mineralization district and the representative deposits, such as Zacun gold deposit, Shuixie copper-cobalt deposit, Shiyancun stibium deposit and Bijiashan stibium deposit, two metallogenic fluid systems have been distinguished,i. e. , Zijinshan metallogenic fluid system and Gonglang Metallogenic fluid system in Weishan-Yongping mineralization district. The two fluid systems respectively correspond to Zijinshan-Bijiashan middle-low temperature metallogenic belt of gold, stibium, mercury, arsenic and Shuixie-Xinmin middle-high temperature metallogenic belt of copper and cobalt.
The main types of fluid inclusions for Zijinshan metallogenic fluid system are liquid-rich inclusions (I a),H2O-rich inclusions(II a) and subordinate vapor-rich inclusions ( I c). Their temperatures of total homogenization are in a range from 130 癈 to 280C. Their salinities are in a range from 0. 1 wt%NaCl to 18 wt%NaCl. The gas phase is mainly composed of H2O and CO2. The main anions in the liquid composition are Cl-, F-and SO42-, and the cations are Na+, K+ and Ca2+. It belongs to NaCl-H2O-CO2 system. The ore-forming element assemblage is As-Sb-Cu-Ni-U with high contents of As and Sb. The stable isotope data show the metallogenic fluid comes from the mixture of magmatic water with meteoric water and stratum water. The pressure of mineralization is in a range from 30 MPa to 130 MPa, the corresponding temperatures of mineralization are about 228-255 C, and the depths of mineralizatoin are about 1.05-6.67 km.
The main types of fluid inclusions for Gonglang metallogenic fluid system are liquid-rich inclusions (I a),H2O-rich inclusions(II a), CO2-rich inclusions and daughter-mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions(III). The temperatures of total homogenization ranged from 190 C to 340 C, and from 370 C to 410 C. The salinities ranged from 22 wt%NaCl to 26 wt%NaCl, and from 30 wt%NaCl to 35 wt%NaCl. The main composition of gas are H2O and CO2. The main anions in the liquid composition are Cl- and S042-, and the cations
are Ca2+, Na+ and K+. It belongs to NaCl-H2O-CO2 system. The ore-forming element assem-blage is Cu-Co-As-Ni-Ag with high content of Cu, Co and As. The stable isotope data show the metallogenic fluid comes mainly from the magmatic water mixed with some meteoric water and stratum water. The pressure of mineralization is in a range from 100 MPa to 225 MPa, the corresponding temperatures of mineralization are about 317-346C, and the depths of mineralization are about 3.51-7.89 km.
The Zijinshan fluid system and the Gonglang fluid system were driven by the stress of extrusion nappe onto the basin and the thermal driving force of magmatism. When the fluids cycling in the basin encountered the boundary of reduction-oxidation or underwent fluid mixing, phase separating and fluid boiling caused by fault-induced pressure reducing, the physical chemistry condition abruptly changed and mineralization then took place.
The fluid-geological map was made by combination of the characteristics of metallogenic fluids and the metallogenic conditions in terms of structural, stratigraphic and magmatic constraints. It shows the nature and state of metallogenic fluids and the basic characteristics of the two metallogenic fluid systems. The range of drainage area and seven concentration centers (Zijinshan, Zacun, Shiyancun, Bijiashan, Shuixie, Xinmin and Yongcui)of the two metallogenic fluid systems are delineated. The distribution of concentra
矿化集中区及扎村金矿、水泄铜钴矿、石岩村锑矿、笔架山锑矿等典型矿床流体包裹体的显微测温、气相成分、液相成分、稀土元素、重金属元素及δ~(13)C，δD，δ~(18)O稳定同位素的研究表明，云南巍山-永平地区铜金多金属矿化集中区存在两个成矿流体系统：紫金山背斜成矿流体系统与公郎弧成矿流体系统。这两个成矿流体系统分别对应着两个成矿带：紫金山-笔架山中低温金、锑、汞、砷成矿带与水泄-新民中高温铜、钴成矿带。
紫金山背斜成矿流体系统包裹体类型主要为富液相包裹体(Ⅰa)、富H_2O相包裹体(Ⅱa)及少量富气相包裹体(Ⅰc)；均一温度为130～280℃；盐度为0.1～18wt％NaCl。气相成分以H_2O，CO_2为主；液相成分中阴离子以Cl~-，F~-，SO_4~(2-)为主；阳离子以Na~+，K~+，Ca~(2+)为主，属NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。流体中成矿元素组合为As-Sb-Cu-Ni-U，总体上具较高的Sb，As含量；稳定同位素特征表明成矿溶液主要来自岩浆水与大气降水、沉积盆地地层水的混合。紫金山背斜成矿流体系统成矿压力大约为30～130MPa，相应的形成温度大约为228～255℃，成矿深度为1.05～6.67km。
公郎弧成矿流体系统包裹体类型主要有富液相包裹体(Ⅰa)、富H_2O相包裹体(Ⅱa)、富CO_2包裹体(Ⅱb)，和含子矿物的多相包裹体(Ⅲ)；均一温度为190～340℃与370～410℃；盐度为22～26，30～35wt％NaCl。气相成分以H_2O，CO_2为主。液相成分中阴离子以Cl~-，SO_4~(2-)为主；阳离子以Ca~(2+)，Na~+，K~+为主，属NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。流体中成矿元素组合为Cu-Co-As-Ni-Ag，总体上具较高的Cu，Co，As含量。稳定同位素特征表明成矿溶液主要来源于岩浆水，并受到大气降水及地层水的混合。公郎弧成矿流体系统成矿压力大约为100～225MPa，成矿温度为317～346℃，成矿深度约为3.51～7.89km。
在盆地两侧挤压推覆构造应力及岩浆作用热力驱动下，紫金山背斜和公郎弧两大流体系统的流体在盆地中运动，当遇到氧化还原界面或遭受流体混合、相分离及断裂导致的减压沸腾时，因物理化学条件发生重大变化而导致成矿作用的发生。
将成矿流体的特征及构造、地层、岩浆岩等成矿条件综合反映到图上便形成了流体地质图。本次研究得到的流体地质图，基本反映了本区成矿流体的性质与状态，反映了两个成矿流体系统的基本特征，圈定了两个成矿流体系统的流域范围及7个成矿流体浓集中心(紫金山、扎村、石岩村、笔架山、水泄、新民、拥翠)，这些浓集中心与已知矿化点分布、化探异常及有利的地质条件基本吻合，成为该区进一步找矿预测的重要依据之一。流体地质填图试验表明，流体地质填图不失为找矿的一种有效手段。
The Weishan-Yongping copper-gold-polymetallic mineralization district in Yunnan is tectonically located in the southern part of Lanping basin in the middle part of Changdu-Simao block between Lanchangjiang fault and Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fault. More than 140 deposits and occurrences of gold, copper (cobalt), stibium, mercury, lead, zinc, iron etc. have been found in the area studied, and there are 4 medium-sized deposits among them.
Based on the studies of microthermometry, gas composition, liquid composition, rare earth elements, ore-forming elements and 13C, D, 18O of fluid inclusions from the mineralization district and the representative deposits, such as Zacun gold deposit, Shuixie copper-cobalt deposit, Shiyancun stibium deposit and Bijiashan stibium deposit, two metallogenic fluid systems have been distinguished,i. e. , Zijinshan metallogenic fluid system and Gonglang Metallogenic fluid system in Weishan-Yongping mineralization district. The two fluid systems respectively correspond to Zijinshan-Bijiashan middle-low temperature metallogenic belt of gold, stibium, mercury, arsenic and Shuixie-Xinmin middle-high temperature metallogenic belt of copper and cobalt.
The main types of fluid inclusions for Zijinshan metallogenic fluid system are liquid-rich inclusions (I a),H2O-rich inclusions(II a) and subordinate vapor-rich inclusions ( I c). Their temperatures of total homogenization are in a range from 130 癈 to 280C. Their salinities are in a range from 0. 1 wt%NaCl to 18 wt%NaCl. The gas phase is mainly composed of H2O and CO2. The main anions in the liquid composition are Cl-, F-and SO42-, and the cations are Na+, K+ and Ca2+. It belongs to NaCl-H2O-CO2 system. The ore-forming element assemblage is As-Sb-Cu-Ni-U with high contents of As and Sb. The stable isotope data show the metallogenic fluid comes from the mixture of magmatic water with meteoric water and stratum water. The pressure of mineralization is in a range from 30 MPa to 130 MPa, the corresponding temperatures of mineralization are about 228-255 C, and the depths of mineralizatoin are about 1.05-6.67 km.
The main types of fluid inclusions for Gonglang metallogenic fluid system are liquid-rich inclusions (I a),H2O-rich inclusions(II a), CO2-rich inclusions and daughter-mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions(III). The temperatures of total homogenization ranged from 190 C to 340 C, and from 370 C to 410 C. The salinities ranged from 22 wt%NaCl to 26 wt%NaCl, and from 30 wt%NaCl to 35 wt%NaCl. The main composition of gas are H2O and CO2. The main anions in the liquid composition are Cl- and S042-, and the cations
are Ca2+, Na+ and K+. It belongs to NaCl-H2O-CO2 system. The ore-forming element assem-blage is Cu-Co-As-Ni-Ag with high content of Cu, Co and As. The stable isotope data show the metallogenic fluid comes mainly from the magmatic water mixed with some meteoric water and stratum water. The pressure of mineralization is in a range from 100 MPa to 225 MPa, the corresponding temperatures of mineralization are about 317-346C, and the depths of mineralization are about 3.51-7.89 km.
The Zijinshan fluid system and the Gonglang fluid system were driven by the stress of extrusion nappe onto the basin and the thermal driving force of magmatism. When the fluids cycling in the basin encountered the boundary of reduction-oxidation or underwent fluid mixing, phase separating and fluid boiling caused by fault-induced pressure reducing, the physical chemistry condition abruptly changed and mineralization then took place.
The fluid-geological map was made by combination of the characteristics of metallogenic fluids and the metallogenic conditions in terms of structural, stratigraphic and magmatic constraints. It shows the nature and state of metallogenic fluids and the basic characteristics of the two metallogenic fluid systems. The range of drainage area and seven concentration centers (Zijinshan, Zacun, Shiyancun, Bijiashan, Shuixie, Xinmin and Yongcui)of the two metallogenic fluid systems are delineated. The distribution of concentra
引文
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Ghazi A M, Vanko D A, Roedder E et al., 1993. Determination of rare earth elements in fluid inclusions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Geochim. Cosm. Acta, 57:4513～4516
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