造山带复杂结构构造区遥感——构造综合解析
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摘要
大陆地质和大陆动力学研究是当今地球科学研究的前缘领域之一，大陆造山带则为大陆动力学解剖的关键地区，客观确定造山带的结构构造及其构造演化将为大陆动力学研究提供关键性基础。
南天山东段铜花山—榆树沟地区地处我国西部高寒山区，地表裸露，环境恶劣，野外填图难度较大，但地质信息在遥感图像上反映充分。因而，本文选择这一地区作为我国西部地区从遥感图像上提取造山带复杂结构构造信息的解剖区，充分利用遥感图像多波段反映物质属性的特点和图像处理提取隐含信息的优势，采用遥感解析—构造解析相结合的研究方法，以区域线状构造及由它划分的块状、片状地质体为宏观骨架(对应于构造解析划分的构造单元、构造均匀区段)，以地质体中的岩石岩体、构造岩石组合，线状、带状构造，透入性、非透入性面状(原始层理、新生面理)和褶皱等构造作为用于解析的结构构造要素，进行造山带表壳组成和结构构造解析研究。
通过遥感—构造的综合解析，总结出从遥感图像上辨识高压麻粒地体、韧性剪切带、叠加褶皱及不同应变带、不同类型面理和不同岩体的图像处理方法，并获得榆树沟—铜花山地区区域地质特征的重新认识。根据区内出露的地层、岩性、构造块体、变形变质作用特征，全区可分为南北两带的变质褶皱地层系统和中带的构造混杂系统以及不同期次的岩浆侵入体。北带以志留系大理岩、绿泥、云母石英片岩为主，不同岩性组成的岩片以不同形式的断层、褶皱相互交织叠置。南带以泥盆系凝灰岩、凝灰质片岩、大理岩为主，地层相对稳定，表现为轴向东西的区域性不对称褶皱，广泛分布控制全区构造格局的南北向逆冲推覆的叠瓦式断裂。中间构造带地层复杂，层序混乱，表现为不同时代、不同岩性、不同规模的构造块体的相互拼贴。特别是发育于该带的蛇纹石化橄榄岩，呈大小不同的透镜状块体与其它地质体以断层叠置，共同构成区内中带的大型构造混杂岩带。本区上述的结构构造特征先后经历了五期构造作用，依次为：(1)南北向逆冲推覆；(2)左行走滑；(3)右行走滑；(4)南北向挤压推覆；(5)北东向、北西向晚期断裂；
The continental dynamics and continental geology is one of the advanced ranks of geoscience research , the continental orogenic belt is the key issues of continental dynamics .To determinate the framework and evolution of orogenic belt will be an important basis for continental dynamics study .
TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area is one of the typical western mountainous district of high and cold, with the bareness of the surface and bad environment. it is difficult to do the field geological mapping there . however geological information is fully recorded in the remote sensing image, which made it possible for the choosing of this area as a dissection point to extract complex structural information of orogenic belt in west china. Taking fully advantage of multi-band image richly bearing concealed geological information in combination with remote sensing analysis and structure analysis, to anatomy the supracrustal composition and structure of orogenic belt with the regional linear structures and their partitioned block and schistous geological masses as the macro-frame(in corresponding to structure units and structure segments) and with the rock masses, structure-rock assemblages, line-featured and belt-featured structures as well as penetrative and non-penetrative foliation (primary stratum and trans position layering) and folds as the texture and structure elements .
The methods of how to distinguish granulite > ductile-shear zone, imposed fold, different deformed belts -. different rock mass on the remote sensing images were obtained, based on a comprehensive remote-structure analysis, a new acknowledge on the characteristics of regional structure in TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area was acquired .
It was suggested that TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area underwent multi-phase structure movement, multi-phase, multi-orientation> multi-level deformed structure superimposed each other accompanied with complex deformation. The style of deformation in different rock mass and tectonic units is varied . According to the distinction of stratigraphic assemblage ,rock type .tectonic block type and the characteristics of deformation ,the whole district can be subdivided into three structure belt .namely southern and northern metamorphic fold stratigraphic system and central tectonic mixed system and multi-stage intruded magmatites. The north belt is mainly composed of Silurian marble , chlorite-quarts schist ,biotite-quarts schist. Lithologically different rock sheets intertexturally superimposed with faults and folds of various styles .while, the southern belt is chiefly of Devonian tuff ,tuffaceous schist ,marble relatively stable in strata and manifested by regional asymmetric fold easi-westward in axis, with well developed superimposed overthrust south-northward which controlled the whole structural framework in this area . the central tectonic belt is complex in strata , reflected by matching up of rock blocks with different ages x lithology and scales . especially interesting is the serpentinous peridotite in this belt occurred as lense blocks of various sizes, and superimposed with other geological masses with faults, and in combine to constitute the mixture .system in the belt. five tectonic stage can be
discerned in this area: (1 )south-north ward overthrust; (2)sinistral strike-slip (3)dextral strike-slip (4)south-north ward overthrust (5) northeast, northwest late stage fault
南天山东段铜花山—榆树沟地区地处我国西部高寒山区，地表裸露，环境恶劣，野外填图难度较大，但地质信息在遥感图像上反映充分。因而，本文选择这一地区作为我国西部地区从遥感图像上提取造山带复杂结构构造信息的解剖区，充分利用遥感图像多波段反映物质属性的特点和图像处理提取隐含信息的优势，采用遥感解析—构造解析相结合的研究方法，以区域线状构造及由它划分的块状、片状地质体为宏观骨架(对应于构造解析划分的构造单元、构造均匀区段)，以地质体中的岩石岩体、构造岩石组合，线状、带状构造，透入性、非透入性面状(原始层理、新生面理)和褶皱等构造作为用于解析的结构构造要素，进行造山带表壳组成和结构构造解析研究。
通过遥感—构造的综合解析，总结出从遥感图像上辨识高压麻粒地体、韧性剪切带、叠加褶皱及不同应变带、不同类型面理和不同岩体的图像处理方法，并获得榆树沟—铜花山地区区域地质特征的重新认识。根据区内出露的地层、岩性、构造块体、变形变质作用特征，全区可分为南北两带的变质褶皱地层系统和中带的构造混杂系统以及不同期次的岩浆侵入体。北带以志留系大理岩、绿泥、云母石英片岩为主，不同岩性组成的岩片以不同形式的断层、褶皱相互交织叠置。南带以泥盆系凝灰岩、凝灰质片岩、大理岩为主，地层相对稳定，表现为轴向东西的区域性不对称褶皱，广泛分布控制全区构造格局的南北向逆冲推覆的叠瓦式断裂。中间构造带地层复杂，层序混乱，表现为不同时代、不同岩性、不同规模的构造块体的相互拼贴。特别是发育于该带的蛇纹石化橄榄岩，呈大小不同的透镜状块体与其它地质体以断层叠置，共同构成区内中带的大型构造混杂岩带。本区上述的结构构造特征先后经历了五期构造作用，依次为：(1)南北向逆冲推覆；(2)左行走滑；(3)右行走滑；(4)南北向挤压推覆；(5)北东向、北西向晚期断裂；
The continental dynamics and continental geology is one of the advanced ranks of geoscience research , the continental orogenic belt is the key issues of continental dynamics .To determinate the framework and evolution of orogenic belt will be an important basis for continental dynamics study .
TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area is one of the typical western mountainous district of high and cold, with the bareness of the surface and bad environment. it is difficult to do the field geological mapping there . however geological information is fully recorded in the remote sensing image, which made it possible for the choosing of this area as a dissection point to extract complex structural information of orogenic belt in west china. Taking fully advantage of multi-band image richly bearing concealed geological information in combination with remote sensing analysis and structure analysis, to anatomy the supracrustal composition and structure of orogenic belt with the regional linear structures and their partitioned block and schistous geological masses as the macro-frame(in corresponding to structure units and structure segments) and with the rock masses, structure-rock assemblages, line-featured and belt-featured structures as well as penetrative and non-penetrative foliation (primary stratum and trans position layering) and folds as the texture and structure elements .
The methods of how to distinguish granulite > ductile-shear zone, imposed fold, different deformed belts -. different rock mass on the remote sensing images were obtained, based on a comprehensive remote-structure analysis, a new acknowledge on the characteristics of regional structure in TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area was acquired .
It was suggested that TongHuaShan-YuShuGou area underwent multi-phase structure movement, multi-phase, multi-orientation> multi-level deformed structure superimposed each other accompanied with complex deformation. The style of deformation in different rock mass and tectonic units is varied . According to the distinction of stratigraphic assemblage ,rock type .tectonic block type and the characteristics of deformation ,the whole district can be subdivided into three structure belt .namely southern and northern metamorphic fold stratigraphic system and central tectonic mixed system and multi-stage intruded magmatites. The north belt is mainly composed of Silurian marble , chlorite-quarts schist ,biotite-quarts schist. Lithologically different rock sheets intertexturally superimposed with faults and folds of various styles .while, the southern belt is chiefly of Devonian tuff ,tuffaceous schist ,marble relatively stable in strata and manifested by regional asymmetric fold easi-westward in axis, with well developed superimposed overthrust south-northward which controlled the whole structural framework in this area . the central tectonic belt is complex in strata , reflected by matching up of rock blocks with different ages x lithology and scales . especially interesting is the serpentinous peridotite in this belt occurred as lense blocks of various sizes, and superimposed with other geological masses with faults, and in combine to constitute the mixture .system in the belt. five tectonic stage can be
discerned in this area: (1 )south-north ward overthrust; (2)sinistral strike-slip (3)dextral strike-slip (4)south-north ward overthrust (5) northeast, northwest late stage fault
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