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马来西亚西砂捞越地区大地构造与金成矿学研究
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摘要
位于加里曼丹岛西北部的西砂捞越地区,大地构造经历了地槽、地台和
    地洼三个演化阶段,西砂捞越西部卢帕河地区的地质构造特征代表了自晚白垩
    世到渐新世期间北东洋壳对南西陆壳的汇聚挤压作用。汇聚挤压形成该区北西
    向为主的构造及使北东向的基底构造发生活化,同时导致岩石圈底部发生深熔,
    在中新世发生大量Ⅰ型花岗岩的侵入作用。区域地层和岩浆岩的含金性表明,岩
    浆岩和大部分地层均具较高的金异常含量,而进一步的研究表明浅部地壳的流
    体对地层中的金具一定的溶解和搬运迁移能力;而在汇聚挤压构造体制下由深
    熔作用生成的岩浆可以从岩石圈深部携带部分金和其它成矿物质并迁移到地表
    浅部,地槽期和地洼期形成的区域断裂构造共同控制了中新世岩浆的侵入和金
    成矿带的分布。在巴乌和斯里阿曼金成矿带,不同金矿化类型及其地质特征、
    矿床成因的研究表明,这些金矿床的成矿物质都具壳源和幔源特征,它们之间
    存在着密切的成因联系,从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型金矿床构成—完整的成矿
    体系,岩浆流体和地表水在距侵入中心不同距离的地段发生不同程度的混合形
    成了不同的金矿化类型。文中最后结合西砂捞越地区的大地构造演化特征,提
    出了该区金的成矿演化经历了三个阶段和层次,各大地构造演化阶段形成的有
    利含金建造、控岩控矿构造与特定大地构造体制下生成的合矿流体的时空耦合
    导致了西砂捞越地区不同类型金矿床的形成。
West Sarawak
    (East Malaysia), which located in the Northwest of Kalimantan island, geotectonically underwent geosynclinal, platform periods and now in diwa process. The geological and structural features of Lupar River regionhe west part of West Sarawak?represents a convergent movement that the SE oceanic crust collided with SW continental crust during Late Cretaceous to Eocene. Researches to the gold-bearing quality of sedimentary and magmatic rocks show that most of these rocks have more gold content than the average of the upper crust. Further evidences are quoted to support the view that fluids exist in shallow crust have the ability resolve some gold. Moreover, in the convergent compression, deep melting of the lower lithosphere can bring some Au and mineralization materials and move up to upper crust. Regional faults, which formed in geosynclinal and diwa periods, controlled the partial distribution of intrusions and gold mineralization belts, i.e. Bau and Sri Aman belts. Studies on different types of gold mineralization, their geological characteristics and ore deposit genesis suggest that the metallogenic materials of these gold ore deposits have both crust and upper mantle sources. An overall metallogenic system exists in porphyry to epithermal gold ore deposits, in which different types of gold mineralization were formed because magmatic fluid mingled with ground water to different degree from the center of intrusions to the distance. Gold metallogenic evolution of three periods and levels is suggested in accordance with regional geotectonic evolution in the end of this paper. When the gold-bearing formations, rock- and ore-control structures formed in geotectonic stages coupled with ore-bearing fuilds which resulted from given geotectonic system, the different types of gold mineralization
    were formed.
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