滇西澜沧江岩浆—变质—构造活动带铜（金）多金属找矿远景研究
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摘要
滇西澜沧江岩浆－变质－构造活动带是我国西南一条重要的构造带，构造位置极
为重要特殊，地质现象极其复杂，此外还有丰富的金属矿点分布，是矿化集中区，对
本带的研究具有重大的地质意义。
本区处于冈瓦纳古陆块与劳亚古陆块的汇聚带，由两大板块分裂的微板块组成。
通过详细探讨本区及周边的大地构造分区与演化，可将本区划分为三个微板块：a、兰
坪－思茅微板块，在本区出露有安定－藤条江古生代洋壳俯冲蛇绿混杂岩带、维西－
绿春印支裂谷、兰坪－思茅中生代后碰撞陆内裂陷、澜沧江印支火山岛弧，澜沧江碰
撞汇聚带；b、吕宁－孟连微板块，在本区出露有澜沧－西盟中晚元古代至古生代早
期陆壳变质地体、吕宁－孟连晚古生代大陆边缘裂谷系、柯街－南定河汇聚带；c、
保山微板块，在本区露有崇山中晚元古代－古生代早期陆壳变质地体、保山陆架裂陷。
作为东特提斯巨型造山系的一部分，本区拥有多次洋盆开合和陆洋盆山体制转
换，其演化史如下：伴随早古生代泛大陆解体，本区于晚泥盆－早石炭世开裂成洋，
石炭－二叠纪为主扩张期，发育有拉斑系列－钙碱性系列－钾玄岩系列岩石组合。晚
二叠纪末期，火山弧顶部发育浅海及海陆交互相火山碎屑沉积。至早三叠世，全区缺
失下三叠统沉积。这说明古澜沧江洋在晚二叠至早三叠间关闭。中、晚三叠世的岛弧
火山岩带说明澜沧江缝合带的再度打开，然而随着西侧怒江洋的打开，特提斯活动中
心的西移，打开不久的澜沧江洋再度关闭，三个微板块完全拼贴，本区进入陆内改造
阶段，兰坪－思茅地块整体下陷成裂陷盆地，为断裂构造控制的持续缓慢的均衡沉降，
大面积沉降史到喜山运动期结束。第三纪末，印度板块与欧亚汇聚拼贴，本区全部地
层均发生强烈褶皱及大规模逆冲推覆构造。
受本区演化史影响，本区铜多金属矿具有多期、多系列的特点，在三个主要演化
阶段有着不同的成矿系列：a、澜沧江洋古特提斯期，在其扩张早期有碱性玄武岩式
矿床形成，在扩张晚期有蛇绿岩式矿床，在闭合期形成了细碧角斑岩式矿床；b、澜
沧江洋中特提斯期形成有扩张早期的基性火山岩式矿床。扩张中期的中酸性火山岩－
次火山岩式矿床和热水沉积（含铜）菱铁矿、磁撞汇聚期的产于碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩中
的Sb、Hg、As、Au热液矿床；c、后澜沧江洋陆内改造期主要形成中、新生代红层
铜矿以及与中酸性岩浆活动有关的系列矿床。此外，本区成矿还有如下特点：a、矿
产分布与构造－岩浆－热活动带一致；b、成矿后的改造作用十分强烈。
由于本区经历了特提斯多次扩张与封闭，从而在本区形成了三个主要含矿层、
三个主要的成矿系列以及三个大的成矿带，构成了本区的“三楼多梯”式区域成矿模
式。本区的找矿亦须根据其系列、成矿带等方面特点对其建立预测标志、圈定远景成
矿区。
本次研究，在综合分析研究该区的地、物、化、遥、数等方面信息之后，、指出
了漕涧河地区为一有望找到中型以上铜矿的远景区。
The rnagmatic, metamorphic and tectonic mobile zone of Lancangjiang ,western Yurinan province ,China is an important tectonic mobile zone in western China. Its tectonic location is very special and the geological phenomena are very complex. Moreover, it抯 a mineralize centralize zone and there are lots of nonferrous metal deposits in this area. The researching for this area is very important.
Composed by the microplates which were split from the Gandwana and Larauisa lands, it located in their syntaxis zone. Based on thorough researching on its geotectonic dividing and evolution, this area can be divided into three microplates. a. The LanpingSimao microplate, it includes the An抎ing-Tengtiaojiang Palaeozoic ocean floor ophiolite zone, the Weixi-lvchun Mesozoic rift valley, the Lanping-Simao Mesozoic post-collision continental rift, the Lancangjiang Triassic volcanic island curve, Lancangjiang collision suture zone. b. The Changning-Menglian microplate, it includes the Lancang-Ximeng middle and late Proterozoic-Palaeozoic continental edge rift valley, Kejie-Nandinghe suture zone. c. The Baoshan microplatc, it includes Chongshan middle and late ProterozoicPalaeozoic continental metamorphic terrain, Baoshan shelf nfl.
As a part of the eastern Tetbyan orogenic zone, it had opened and closed several times in its evolution history. After Devonian-Carboniferous period, the continent was disintegrated. This area was split and began to ocean making and the Carboniferous-Permian period was the main period of expanding, and it had tholeiite series梒alc-alkali rock series
梜alibasalt series magmatic activities in this period. At the end of late Permian series, there抯 volcanic-clastic deposit of neritic facies and marine-land alternately facies on the top of volcanic curve .For the deposit of lower Triassic series doesn抰 exist in whole area, the Paleo-Lancan~iang Ocean was closed in later Perrnian.early Triassic period. After three microplate sutured together the last time, the continental transforming period was beginning in this area and the Lanping-Simao terrain became a rift basin along with the sag of whole area. The sag lasted to the Himalayan movement period. At the end of Tertiary, the India plate was sutured to the Eurasia, so the forming of folds and large reversed nappe happened strongly in all strata in this area.
Influenced by its tectonic evolution, the metallogenetic characteristic of copperpolymetal deposit are polytime and polyphyletic .In its three main evolution period, different metallogenetic series was formed. a. In Paleo -Tethyan Lancangjiang ocean period, the alkali-basalt-hosted deposits formed in the early expansion period, and the ophiolite serieshosted deposits formed in the main period of expansion and the spilite series rock-hosted deposits formed in the closure period. b. In Mid-Tethyan Lancangjiang ocean period, the basic volcanic rock series-hosted deposits formed in the early expansion period, and the
2
2,
Neutral-acid volcanic and subvolcanic rock series-hosted deposits and the hot water spathic iron ore formed in the late expansion period, and the Sb, Hg,As,Au hydrothermal deposits in clastic and carborialite formation formed in sutured period. c. In the continental transforming of rear Lancangjiang ocean, the copper deposit from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic red clastic formation and Neutral-acid magnlatic deposits was formed. Besides , it has other characteristic such as :a. The deposit distributed along with the tectonic-magmatic-heat flow zone. b. The post-metallogenetic transformation action was very strong.
On its evolution history ,it formed three main ore strata ,three main metallogenetic series , three main metallogenetic zone .The area metallogenetic model can be concluded to three strata and several channel? The forecasting mark抯 establishing and prospecting area~s delimiting for exploration in this area must take these factors into account.
After made full use of the information Of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and mathematical geology in this a
为重要特殊，地质现象极其复杂，此外还有丰富的金属矿点分布，是矿化集中区，对
本带的研究具有重大的地质意义。
本区处于冈瓦纳古陆块与劳亚古陆块的汇聚带，由两大板块分裂的微板块组成。
通过详细探讨本区及周边的大地构造分区与演化，可将本区划分为三个微板块：a、兰
坪－思茅微板块，在本区出露有安定－藤条江古生代洋壳俯冲蛇绿混杂岩带、维西－
绿春印支裂谷、兰坪－思茅中生代后碰撞陆内裂陷、澜沧江印支火山岛弧，澜沧江碰
撞汇聚带；b、吕宁－孟连微板块，在本区出露有澜沧－西盟中晚元古代至古生代早
期陆壳变质地体、吕宁－孟连晚古生代大陆边缘裂谷系、柯街－南定河汇聚带；c、
保山微板块，在本区露有崇山中晚元古代－古生代早期陆壳变质地体、保山陆架裂陷。
作为东特提斯巨型造山系的一部分，本区拥有多次洋盆开合和陆洋盆山体制转
换，其演化史如下：伴随早古生代泛大陆解体，本区于晚泥盆－早石炭世开裂成洋，
石炭－二叠纪为主扩张期，发育有拉斑系列－钙碱性系列－钾玄岩系列岩石组合。晚
二叠纪末期，火山弧顶部发育浅海及海陆交互相火山碎屑沉积。至早三叠世，全区缺
失下三叠统沉积。这说明古澜沧江洋在晚二叠至早三叠间关闭。中、晚三叠世的岛弧
火山岩带说明澜沧江缝合带的再度打开，然而随着西侧怒江洋的打开，特提斯活动中
心的西移，打开不久的澜沧江洋再度关闭，三个微板块完全拼贴，本区进入陆内改造
阶段，兰坪－思茅地块整体下陷成裂陷盆地，为断裂构造控制的持续缓慢的均衡沉降，
大面积沉降史到喜山运动期结束。第三纪末，印度板块与欧亚汇聚拼贴，本区全部地
层均发生强烈褶皱及大规模逆冲推覆构造。
受本区演化史影响，本区铜多金属矿具有多期、多系列的特点，在三个主要演化
阶段有着不同的成矿系列：a、澜沧江洋古特提斯期，在其扩张早期有碱性玄武岩式
矿床形成，在扩张晚期有蛇绿岩式矿床，在闭合期形成了细碧角斑岩式矿床；b、澜
沧江洋中特提斯期形成有扩张早期的基性火山岩式矿床。扩张中期的中酸性火山岩－
次火山岩式矿床和热水沉积（含铜）菱铁矿、磁撞汇聚期的产于碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩中
的Sb、Hg、As、Au热液矿床；c、后澜沧江洋陆内改造期主要形成中、新生代红层
铜矿以及与中酸性岩浆活动有关的系列矿床。此外，本区成矿还有如下特点：a、矿
产分布与构造－岩浆－热活动带一致；b、成矿后的改造作用十分强烈。
由于本区经历了特提斯多次扩张与封闭，从而在本区形成了三个主要含矿层、
三个主要的成矿系列以及三个大的成矿带，构成了本区的“三楼多梯”式区域成矿模
式。本区的找矿亦须根据其系列、成矿带等方面特点对其建立预测标志、圈定远景成
矿区。
本次研究，在综合分析研究该区的地、物、化、遥、数等方面信息之后，、指出
了漕涧河地区为一有望找到中型以上铜矿的远景区。
The rnagmatic, metamorphic and tectonic mobile zone of Lancangjiang ,western Yurinan province ,China is an important tectonic mobile zone in western China. Its tectonic location is very special and the geological phenomena are very complex. Moreover, it抯 a mineralize centralize zone and there are lots of nonferrous metal deposits in this area. The researching for this area is very important.
Composed by the microplates which were split from the Gandwana and Larauisa lands, it located in their syntaxis zone. Based on thorough researching on its geotectonic dividing and evolution, this area can be divided into three microplates. a. The LanpingSimao microplate, it includes the An抎ing-Tengtiaojiang Palaeozoic ocean floor ophiolite zone, the Weixi-lvchun Mesozoic rift valley, the Lanping-Simao Mesozoic post-collision continental rift, the Lancangjiang Triassic volcanic island curve, Lancangjiang collision suture zone. b. The Changning-Menglian microplate, it includes the Lancang-Ximeng middle and late Proterozoic-Palaeozoic continental edge rift valley, Kejie-Nandinghe suture zone. c. The Baoshan microplatc, it includes Chongshan middle and late ProterozoicPalaeozoic continental metamorphic terrain, Baoshan shelf nfl.
As a part of the eastern Tetbyan orogenic zone, it had opened and closed several times in its evolution history. After Devonian-Carboniferous period, the continent was disintegrated. This area was split and began to ocean making and the Carboniferous-Permian period was the main period of expanding, and it had tholeiite series梒alc-alkali rock series
梜alibasalt series magmatic activities in this period. At the end of late Permian series, there抯 volcanic-clastic deposit of neritic facies and marine-land alternately facies on the top of volcanic curve .For the deposit of lower Triassic series doesn抰 exist in whole area, the Paleo-Lancan~iang Ocean was closed in later Perrnian.early Triassic period. After three microplate sutured together the last time, the continental transforming period was beginning in this area and the Lanping-Simao terrain became a rift basin along with the sag of whole area. The sag lasted to the Himalayan movement period. At the end of Tertiary, the India plate was sutured to the Eurasia, so the forming of folds and large reversed nappe happened strongly in all strata in this area.
Influenced by its tectonic evolution, the metallogenetic characteristic of copperpolymetal deposit are polytime and polyphyletic .In its three main evolution period, different metallogenetic series was formed. a. In Paleo -Tethyan Lancangjiang ocean period, the alkali-basalt-hosted deposits formed in the early expansion period, and the ophiolite serieshosted deposits formed in the main period of expansion and the spilite series rock-hosted deposits formed in the closure period. b. In Mid-Tethyan Lancangjiang ocean period, the basic volcanic rock series-hosted deposits formed in the early expansion period, and the
2
2,
Neutral-acid volcanic and subvolcanic rock series-hosted deposits and the hot water spathic iron ore formed in the late expansion period, and the Sb, Hg,As,Au hydrothermal deposits in clastic and carborialite formation formed in sutured period. c. In the continental transforming of rear Lancangjiang ocean, the copper deposit from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic red clastic formation and Neutral-acid magnlatic deposits was formed. Besides , it has other characteristic such as :a. The deposit distributed along with the tectonic-magmatic-heat flow zone. b. The post-metallogenetic transformation action was very strong.
On its evolution history ,it formed three main ore strata ,three main metallogenetic series , three main metallogenetic zone .The area metallogenetic model can be concluded to three strata and several channel? The forecasting mark抯 establishing and prospecting area~s delimiting for exploration in this area must take these factors into account.
After made full use of the information Of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and mathematical geology in this a
引文
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