中矿选择性分级再磨新技术磨—浮新工艺机理及应用研究
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摘要
二十一世纪人类面临资源紧缺、环境污染、生态破坏等一系列严峻的挑战。其中资源问题已成为人类社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。有色矿山矿产资源日趋贫、细、杂,选矿作业难度增加,随着我国经济的不断发展,对高品质矿产原料的需求量不断增加,提高矿产资源回收利用率至关重要。
文章在中矿选择性分级再磨新技术的基础上提出最大可浮粒度(Dfmax)、粗磨放粗、精细分级等选矿技术来解决当前矿山资源回收率下降,磨矿效率偏低,球磨机排矿粒度组成不合理等现实问题。粗磨放粗技术可较大幅度提高磨矿效率、磨机台时处理量,降低磨矿能耗；Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、精细分级技术可提高分级效率,降低单位矿量的磨矿能耗,减少颗粒过粉碎,优化粒度组成,使浮选流程更加通畅,较好的解决了粗粒欠磨和细粒过磨等问题,有利于后序浮选作业。
对球比、磨矿浓度、磨矿时间等影响因素进行探索,发现应用Dfmax准确分级做粗磨放粗和精细分级技术的闭路磨矿产品的中间粒级的含量要比相应的开路磨矿产品的中间粒级含量多,并显著减少粗粒级的含量。连续磨矿试验表明采用Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、粗磨放粗、精细分级技术后磨矿细度从原工艺要求的-0.074mm含量65%降到60%,磨机生产能力由113公斤/小时提高到142公斤/小时,磨机生产能力相对提高25.67%。2#磨矿流程采用新技术后比1#磨矿流程分级效率相对提高104.48%；返砂比相对减少15.36%；对于大于0.25mm的粗颗粒部分减少93.75%,-0.25+0.019mm增加7.61%,-0.019mm减少8.29%,总体上能够较为显著的改善浮选的给矿粒度。
对闭路磨矿的动力学进行研究,用磨矿动力学分析分级效率对返砂组成的影响,推导并绘制Dfmax准确分级技术下闭路磨矿的各物料粗粒级和细粒级数量图。实际矿物连续闭路磨矿表明了数据的正确性与准确性,通过与实际情况的对比和计算绘制了Dfmax=0.30mm闭路磨矿下的各物料粗粒级和细粒级数量图。引出凯索尔提出的模型,进一步针对铜矿物浮选推导了概率模型,比较ε=ε∞(1-e-Kt)与W=W0(1-P)N,发现动力学模型和概率模型归结的浮选动力具有相似性,但表述方式不一样。对浮选动力学模型进行研究,用两个数学函数拟合浮选时间和回收率的关系,发现双曲线函数拟合相关程度较好,负指数函数拟合效果次之。进一步推导n级浮选动力学反应模型,模型的公式表述如式：
对青海省某铜矿进行浮选测定,浮选条件：pH=10,黄药浓度加入50g/t,2#油31g/t。当n=2时,t与相关系数R2=0.9988,此浮选过程遵守二级浮选动力学,K=0.0206。
采用Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、粗磨放粗、精细分级等技术对湖北省某铜矿安徽省某铜矿进行浮选中矿选择性分级再磨试验研究,试验结果表明：(1)湖北省某铜矿工业试验中,新流程原药剂比原流程原药剂回收率提高2.43%,新流程新药剂比原流程原药剂回收率提高4.99%。工艺矿物学研究表明新流程新药剂I系统扫选精矿黄铜矿单体解离度比原流程原药剂增加了15.00%。新流程新药剂II系统扫选精矿黄铜矿单体解离度比原流程原药剂增加了7.10%。中矿再磨后(分级溢流)比中矿再磨前(再磨给矿)黄铜矿单体解离度增加36.54%。黄铁矿、辉钼矿等解离度也有较大程度增加,新流程的中矿解离度增加是取得好的回收率的关键。拉曼光谱分析表明通过中矿再磨,使得中矿连生矿物能够有效被“打开”,中矿的解离度大大增加。红外光谱分析表明在新药剂PLQ作用下,应用中矿选择性分级再磨新技术进行浮选,矿石的表面化学成分有所改变,生成金属-硫化物螯合物,从机理上说明矿物的可浮性增强是化学螯合与物理吸附的协同作用的结果。(2)安徽省某铜矿试验中,闭路磨矿原药剂流程浮选精矿铜品位为21.59%,回收率为90.73%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选回收率提高1.44%；半优先“闭路磨矿+中矿再磨”原药剂流程浮选精矿铜品位为22.86%,回收率为92.73%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选铜品位提高0.71%,铜回收率提高3.44%；半优先“闭路磨矿+中矿再磨”新药剂PLQ-4流程浮选精矿铜品位为22.80%,回收率为94.89%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选铜品位提高0.70%,铜回收率提高5.60%。
Mankind is faced with problems of environment and resources, and ecological damage in the 21st century. The shortage of resources has become main bottlenecks of sustainable development. Under the background of available nonferrous metal mineral resources apt to poor、tiny and complex, beneficiation process became more and more difficult, as economic development and demand of high quality mineral resources, It is highly important to increase recovery of mineral resources.
To solve current realistic issues such as declining recovery in resources, lower grinding efficiency, unreasonable grain sizes of milling discharged particles, the paper proposed technology concepts based on selective regrinding of flotation middling(SRFM) including flotation maximum diameter (Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification, etc.. Dfmax and fine classification could improve separation efficiency, reduce energy consumption of unit ore; decrease amount of more shattered particles. It could be beneficial to following flotation because the new process markedly decrease amount of coarse particles, optimize grain size, settle the problem of coarse particles without crushing and fine coarsely milled particles by adopting above new technology.
Exploring the ball ratio, ground pulp density, grinding time, etc., it was found that intermediate size minerals were shut down by flotation maximum diameter(Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification technology than in the corresponding open-circuit grinding process. Continuous grinding test shown that milling size -0.074mm was reduced from 65% to 60% in original flowsheet by using new technology; Milling production capacity from 113 to 142 kilograms per hour, production capacity is relatively higher 25.67%; in 2# milling process, the separation efficiency was relatively higher 104.48% in 1# milling process, and the returning sand ratio was relatively less than 15.36%, than 3% about 25mm; the amount of particles reduced 93.75% for greater than 0.25mm size, increased 7.61% for between 0.25 and 0.019mm size, reduced 8.29% for less than 0.019mm size. New milling technology could improved feeding granularity overall.
It was researched that separation efficiency influenced on returning sand ratio in closed-circuit, moreover formulated number assigned formula between coarse and fine particles, continuous grinding test shown the results were correct and accuracy, with the experiment contrast and draw up number assigned figure when Dfmax was 0.30mm. Introduced Kelsall model, and further deduced flotation model for copper ore, the paper comparedε=(1-e-Kt) with W=W0(1-P)N, and found flotation power was affinities between kinetic model and probabilistic model. Two mathematical functions were fitted to flotation time and recovery in the flotation kinetic model research, it was found that hyperbolic function was better than exponential function, the N—level flotation kinetic model formula as:
For QINGHAI copper, flotation conditions was pH equal 10, and sodium butyl xanthates concentration 50g/t, abies oil 31g/t. When N equal 2, the correlation coefficient R2=0.9988, and K=0.0206.
The paper made use of technology including flotation maximum diameter(Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification, based on SRFM to investigate and analyze HUBEI copper mine, ANHUI copper mine. It were shown that as following, (1) in HUBEI copper mine experiment, the recovery of copper in new technology and original reagent parameter process was higher 2.43% than in old technology and original reagent parameter process, moreover the recovery in new technology and new reagent parameter process was higher 4.99% than in old technology and original reagent parameter process. (2) in ANHUI copper mine experiment, the grade of copper in closed-circuit milling with original reagent parameter process was 21.59%, recovery was 90.73%, the recovery was higher 1.44% than in old technology with open-circuit milling. The grade 22.86% and recovery 92.73% were achieved in Partly prior flotation with original reagent parameter process, the recovery was higher 3.44% than in old technology. The grade 22.80% and recovery 94.89% were achieved in Partly prior flotation with new reagent parameter process, the recovery was higher 5.60% than in old technology.
文章在中矿选择性分级再磨新技术的基础上提出最大可浮粒度(Dfmax)、粗磨放粗、精细分级等选矿技术来解决当前矿山资源回收率下降,磨矿效率偏低,球磨机排矿粒度组成不合理等现实问题。粗磨放粗技术可较大幅度提高磨矿效率、磨机台时处理量,降低磨矿能耗；Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、精细分级技术可提高分级效率,降低单位矿量的磨矿能耗,减少颗粒过粉碎,优化粒度组成,使浮选流程更加通畅,较好的解决了粗粒欠磨和细粒过磨等问题,有利于后序浮选作业。
对球比、磨矿浓度、磨矿时间等影响因素进行探索,发现应用Dfmax准确分级做粗磨放粗和精细分级技术的闭路磨矿产品的中间粒级的含量要比相应的开路磨矿产品的中间粒级含量多,并显著减少粗粒级的含量。连续磨矿试验表明采用Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、粗磨放粗、精细分级技术后磨矿细度从原工艺要求的-0.074mm含量65%降到60%,磨机生产能力由113公斤/小时提高到142公斤/小时,磨机生产能力相对提高25.67%。2#磨矿流程采用新技术后比1#磨矿流程分级效率相对提高104.48%；返砂比相对减少15.36%；对于大于0.25mm的粗颗粒部分减少93.75%,-0.25+0.019mm增加7.61%,-0.019mm减少8.29%,总体上能够较为显著的改善浮选的给矿粒度。
对闭路磨矿的动力学进行研究,用磨矿动力学分析分级效率对返砂组成的影响,推导并绘制Dfmax准确分级技术下闭路磨矿的各物料粗粒级和细粒级数量图。实际矿物连续闭路磨矿表明了数据的正确性与准确性,通过与实际情况的对比和计算绘制了Dfmax=0.30mm闭路磨矿下的各物料粗粒级和细粒级数量图。引出凯索尔提出的模型,进一步针对铜矿物浮选推导了概率模型,比较ε=ε∞(1-e-Kt)与W=W0(1-P)N,发现动力学模型和概率模型归结的浮选动力具有相似性,但表述方式不一样。对浮选动力学模型进行研究,用两个数学函数拟合浮选时间和回收率的关系,发现双曲线函数拟合相关程度较好,负指数函数拟合效果次之。进一步推导n级浮选动力学反应模型,模型的公式表述如式：
对青海省某铜矿进行浮选测定,浮选条件：pH=10,黄药浓度加入50g/t,2#油31g/t。当n=2时,t与相关系数R2=0.9988,此浮选过程遵守二级浮选动力学,K=0.0206。
采用Dfmax、Dfmax准确分级、粗磨放粗、精细分级等技术对湖北省某铜矿安徽省某铜矿进行浮选中矿选择性分级再磨试验研究,试验结果表明：(1)湖北省某铜矿工业试验中,新流程原药剂比原流程原药剂回收率提高2.43%,新流程新药剂比原流程原药剂回收率提高4.99%。工艺矿物学研究表明新流程新药剂I系统扫选精矿黄铜矿单体解离度比原流程原药剂增加了15.00%。新流程新药剂II系统扫选精矿黄铜矿单体解离度比原流程原药剂增加了7.10%。中矿再磨后(分级溢流)比中矿再磨前(再磨给矿)黄铜矿单体解离度增加36.54%。黄铁矿、辉钼矿等解离度也有较大程度增加,新流程的中矿解离度增加是取得好的回收率的关键。拉曼光谱分析表明通过中矿再磨,使得中矿连生矿物能够有效被“打开”,中矿的解离度大大增加。红外光谱分析表明在新药剂PLQ作用下,应用中矿选择性分级再磨新技术进行浮选,矿石的表面化学成分有所改变,生成金属-硫化物螯合物,从机理上说明矿物的可浮性增强是化学螯合与物理吸附的协同作用的结果。(2)安徽省某铜矿试验中,闭路磨矿原药剂流程浮选精矿铜品位为21.59%,回收率为90.73%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选回收率提高1.44%；半优先“闭路磨矿+中矿再磨”原药剂流程浮选精矿铜品位为22.86%,回收率为92.73%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选铜品位提高0.71%,铜回收率提高3.44%；半优先“闭路磨矿+中矿再磨”新药剂PLQ-4流程浮选精矿铜品位为22.80%,回收率为94.89%,比原流程开路磨矿浮选铜品位提高0.70%,铜回收率提高5.60%。
Mankind is faced with problems of environment and resources, and ecological damage in the 21st century. The shortage of resources has become main bottlenecks of sustainable development. Under the background of available nonferrous metal mineral resources apt to poor、tiny and complex, beneficiation process became more and more difficult, as economic development and demand of high quality mineral resources, It is highly important to increase recovery of mineral resources.
To solve current realistic issues such as declining recovery in resources, lower grinding efficiency, unreasonable grain sizes of milling discharged particles, the paper proposed technology concepts based on selective regrinding of flotation middling(SRFM) including flotation maximum diameter (Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification, etc.. Dfmax and fine classification could improve separation efficiency, reduce energy consumption of unit ore; decrease amount of more shattered particles. It could be beneficial to following flotation because the new process markedly decrease amount of coarse particles, optimize grain size, settle the problem of coarse particles without crushing and fine coarsely milled particles by adopting above new technology.
Exploring the ball ratio, ground pulp density, grinding time, etc., it was found that intermediate size minerals were shut down by flotation maximum diameter(Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification technology than in the corresponding open-circuit grinding process. Continuous grinding test shown that milling size -0.074mm was reduced from 65% to 60% in original flowsheet by using new technology; Milling production capacity from 113 to 142 kilograms per hour, production capacity is relatively higher 25.67%; in 2# milling process, the separation efficiency was relatively higher 104.48% in 1# milling process, and the returning sand ratio was relatively less than 15.36%, than 3% about 25mm; the amount of particles reduced 93.75% for greater than 0.25mm size, increased 7.61% for between 0.25 and 0.019mm size, reduced 8.29% for less than 0.019mm size. New milling technology could improved feeding granularity overall.
It was researched that separation efficiency influenced on returning sand ratio in closed-circuit, moreover formulated number assigned formula between coarse and fine particles, continuous grinding test shown the results were correct and accuracy, with the experiment contrast and draw up number assigned figure when Dfmax was 0.30mm. Introduced Kelsall model, and further deduced flotation model for copper ore, the paper comparedε=(1-e-Kt) with W=W0(1-P)N, and found flotation power was affinities between kinetic model and probabilistic model. Two mathematical functions were fitted to flotation time and recovery in the flotation kinetic model research, it was found that hyperbolic function was better than exponential function, the N—level flotation kinetic model formula as:
For QINGHAI copper, flotation conditions was pH equal 10, and sodium butyl xanthates concentration 50g/t, abies oil 31g/t. When N equal 2, the correlation coefficient R2=0.9988, and K=0.0206.
The paper made use of technology including flotation maximum diameter(Dfmax), coarser milling, fine classification, based on SRFM to investigate and analyze HUBEI copper mine, ANHUI copper mine. It were shown that as following, (1) in HUBEI copper mine experiment, the recovery of copper in new technology and original reagent parameter process was higher 2.43% than in old technology and original reagent parameter process, moreover the recovery in new technology and new reagent parameter process was higher 4.99% than in old technology and original reagent parameter process. (2) in ANHUI copper mine experiment, the grade of copper in closed-circuit milling with original reagent parameter process was 21.59%, recovery was 90.73%, the recovery was higher 1.44% than in old technology with open-circuit milling. The grade 22.86% and recovery 92.73% were achieved in Partly prior flotation with original reagent parameter process, the recovery was higher 3.44% than in old technology. The grade 22.80% and recovery 94.89% were achieved in Partly prior flotation with new reagent parameter process, the recovery was higher 5.60% than in old technology.
引文
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